Varjo XR-1
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| Varjo XR-1 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Basic Info | |
| VR/AR | Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality |
| Type | Head-mounted display |
| Subtype | PC-Powered VR |
| Platform | PC, SteamVR |
| Creator | Varjo |
| Developer | Varjo |
| Announcement Date | 29 May 2019 (Augmented World Expo, Santa Clara) |
| Release Date | 2 December 2019 (general availability announced at I/ITSEC 2019) |
| Price | US$9,995 / EUR 9,995 for the headset, plus Varjo's Software and Support service at US$1,995 / EUR 1,995 (December 2019 launch pricing) |
| Website | https://varjo.com |
| Versions | XR-1 Developer Edition (named the HS-4 headset in Varjo's EU declaration of conformity) |
| Requires | Windows PC with native Thunderbolt 3, two DisplayPort 1.2 outputs and a USB-A 3.0 port; 2-4 SteamVR base stations for SteamVR tracking |
| Predecessor | Varjo VR-1 |
| Successor | Varjo XR-3 |
| System | |
| Operating System | Windows 10 (64-bit); Windows 11 also listed by Varjo's support pages |
| CPU | Host PC: Intel Core i7-7820X minimum; Intel Core i7-8700 or AMD Ryzen 7 2700 recommended |
| GPU | Host PC: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti or NVIDIA Quadro RTX 6000 minimum (AMD GPUs not supported) |
| Storage | |
| Memory | Host PC: 32 GB |
| Display | |
| Display | Bionic Display: two 1920 x 1080 low-persistence micro-OLEDs (focus) and two 1440 x 1600 low-persistence AMOLEDs (context) |
| Resolution | Focus: 1920 x 1080 per eye; context: 1440 x 1600 per eye; over 60 PPD (3000 PPI) in the focus area |
| Refresh Rate | 60/90 Hz |
| Image | |
| Field of View | 87 degrees |
| Optics | |
| IPD Range | Automatic IPD adjustment |
| Passthrough | Stereo video pass-through (2 x 12 megapixel cameras at 90 Hz) |
| Tracking | |
| Tracking | 6DoF; compatible with SteamVR Tracking and ART |
| Eye Tracking | Yes, integrated 100 Hz stereo eye tracking ("20/20 Eye Tracker"), sub-degree accuracy |
| Audio | |
| Audio | 3.5 mm headphone connector |
| Camera | 2 x 12 megapixel at 90 Hz, fixed focus, 1/3" sensor, 1.55 µm pixel size, 94-degree circular viewing angle |
| Connectivity | |
| Connectivity | 10 m active optical Thunderbolt cable; Link Box |
| Ports | Host PC: 2 x DisplayPort 1.2 (or Mini DisplayPort 1.2), 1 x USB-A 3.0, 1 x Thunderbolt 3 |
| Power | External power supply (Salcomp S51A00) via the Link Box (LB-1) |
| Device | |
| Weight | 1050 g without counterweight (including head band); 1300 g with counterweight |
| Sensors | Active IR depth sensor system (2 wide-angle cameras and LEDs); stereo eye tracking |
| Input | SteamVR-compatible controllers; System and Application buttons on the headset |
The Varjo XR-1 (XR-1 Developer Edition) was a professional-grade mixed reality head-mounted display developed by Varjo, a Finnish technology company. It was announced on 29 May 2019 at the Augmented World Expo and went on general sale in December 2019. Varjo marketed it as the first photorealistic mixed reality headset. It combined the company's Bionic Display, which has a high-resolution central "focus" display and a wider "context" display, with stereo video pass-through cameras, depth sensors and integrated eye tracking.[1][2] The headset was designed for industrial applications in engineering, design, simulation, and research, and it could switch between mixed reality and full virtual reality.[1]
The XR-1 was based on Varjo's VR-1 headset, to which it added a front plate with two 12-megapixel cameras.[3] Its launch price was US$9,995 (or EUR 9,995), plus US$1,995 for Varjo's Software and Support service.[1] There was no XR-2; Varjo's next mixed reality model was the Varjo XR-3, announced in late 2020.[4] The final Varjo Base release that supports the XR-1 is version 3.7.2.[5]
History and development
Varjo
Varjo is a Helsinki-based Finnish company, founded in 2016, that builds very high resolution VR and XR headsets for professional applications. The company name "Varjo" means "shadow" in Finnish.[6]
Announcement
Varjo announced the XR-1 Developer Edition on 29 May 2019 at the Augmented World Expo in Santa Clara, California, with shipments to developers, designers and researchers planned for the second half of 2019.[2] The announcement listed latency below 15 ms for the camera system, depth sensors for mapping the real environment and producing occlusion, integrated eye tracking, color-matching technology, and the ability to switch between mixed reality and full VR.[2] No price was given at the time.[7]
Volvo Cars announced its use of the headset on the same day. Its press release said that Volvo Cars and Varjo had made it possible "for the first time to drive a real car while wearing a mixed reality headset", adding virtual elements that appear real to both the driver and the car's sensors for development purposes. Volvo safety experts drove real cars at the company's research facilities in Sweden while wearing the XR-1, and the integrated eye tracker was used to assess how drivers used new functions and whether they were distracted. The Volvo Cars Tech Fund, the carmaker's venture capital arm, also decided to invest in Varjo, and Volvo said a patent had been filed for the application.[8] Volvo Cars had used XR-1 prototypes since summer 2018.[2] Henrik Green, Volvo's chief technology officer, said: "With this mixed reality approach, we can start evaluating designs and technologies while they are literally still on the drawing board."[8]
Release
On 2 December 2019, at the I/ITSEC 2019 training and simulation conference, Varjo announced general availability of the XR-1 Developer Edition. Varjo showed the XR-1 alongside its VR-2 and VR-2 Pro headsets at its booth until 5 December 2019, with training and simulation applications that included a T-45 VR part-task trainer and a mixed reality T-6 flight simulator. Varjo products could also be tried at the booths of customers including Bohemia Interactive Simulations, Vertex Solutions, Ryan Aerospace, Presagis, FlightSafety International and Aechelon.[1] In a March 2020 press release, Varjo described December 2019 as the headset's commercial launch and said the first deliveries had taken place three months earlier.[9]
Varjo's products were sold for business use only, and buying one required a valid company tax registration number. Varjo's product page advised that buyers would "strongly benefit" from in-house VR and MR knowledge or an external development partner.[10]
Industry first
Varjo presented the XR-1 as the first photorealistic mixed reality headset.[10] At launch, co-founder and Chief Product Officer Urho Konttori called it "the industry's first device that can flawlessly blend the virtual with the real world."[1] AEC Magazine reported Varjo's claim that the XR-1 achieved "photorealistic mixed reality in a full field of view", and its comparison of 82 degrees against 30 and 40 degrees for competing see-through devices.[11]
Design and hardware
Bionic Display technology
The XR-1 uses Varjo's proprietary Bionic Display system. Each eye has a 1920 x 1080 low-persistence micro-OLED "focus" display and a 1440 x 1600 low-persistence AMOLED "context" display. Varjo rated the resolution as over 20/20 vision, at over 60 pixels per degree (3,000 PPI).[10] Road to VR described the arrangement as blending a central 1,920 x 1,080 micro-OLED "focus display" (60 PPD) with a larger "context" display at 1,440 x 1,600.[12]
The Bionic Display uses multiple display elements so that resolution is highest in the center of vision, where visual acuity is greatest. Varjo listed the contrast ratio as "infinite" (over 10,000:1), with individually calibrated colors.[10]
Field of view
The XR-1 has an 87-degree field of view, according to Varjo. The design concentrates on center clarity rather than wide peripheral vision.[10][12]
Refresh rate and latency
Varjo specified a flicker-free screen refresh of 60/90 Hz.[10] The company's latency figure for the camera-to-display path changed over time. The May 2019 announcement and pre-sales specification sheet gave less than 15 ms photon-to-photon.[2][13] The 2020 product page listed less than 20 ms photon-to-photon.[10]
Cameras and imaging pipeline
Two front-facing 12-megapixel cameras capture the real world at 90 Hz. They are fixed focus, with a 1/3-inch sensor, a 1.55 µm pixel size, and a 94-degree circular viewing angle.[10][14] The pre-sales specification sheet had listed an 82 x 82 degree viewing angle.[13] The imaging pipeline carries four streams, two per eye: a 1008 x 1008 image downscaled from the full 12 megapixels, and a foveated 834 x 520 crop at full resolution.[10]
Depth sensing
For depth sensing, the XR-1 has an active infrared sensor system with two wide-angle cameras and LEDs. It is synchronized with the video pass-through to produce a low-latency depth map.[10] The earlier specification sheet also listed structured light as part of the depth system.[13] Varjo said the depth data let virtual objects be hidden by real objects closer to the headset, such as hands or a desk (occlusion).[10]
Comfort and weight
Varjo listed the XR-1's weight as 1050 g without counterweight (including head band) and 1300 g with counterweight.[10] The earlier specification sheet gave 1065 g and 1315 g.[13] The headset can be worn with glasses. It has an active airflow system, an adjustable and detachable headband and head strap, two sizes of replaceable face cushion, and automatic interpupillary distance (IPD) adjustment.[10] Varjo's product and safety guide says the lenses adjust automatically to the user's IPD by default, and that the setting can be switched off if it does not work, for example because of eyeglasses or sensitivity to infrared light.[15]
Connectivity and regulatory information
The headset connects through a 10 m active optical Thunderbolt cable.[10] The box contains the headset, a Link Box, a power supply unit with three power cables (EU, UK, US), a standard face mask, a cleaning cloth, and USB-C, USB-A, DisplayPort and DisplayPort-to-Mini DisplayPort cables.[10][16] The headset has a System button, an Application button and a headphone connector.[16] According to the safety guide, the headset is intended for indoor use by adults only and must not be used in a moving vehicle. It is a Class 1 laser product, its FCC ID is 2AROD-003, and Varjo's EU declaration of conformity refers to it as the HS-4 headset.[15]
Mixed reality system
Video pass-through
Unlike optical see-through AR headsets such as Microsoft HoloLens, the XR-1 uses video pass-through. Its cameras capture the real world, the connected PC's GPU combines that video with virtual content, and the result is shown on the headset's displays.[3][7] In Varjo's compositor, the real-world image is blended in as a background layer.[14]
Eye tracking decides which part of each camera sensor is sampled at high resolution. The area the user is looking at is shown at the highest resolution, and the surrounding area is sampled at lower resolution so the data rate stays below 10 Gb/s. If eye tracking is disabled, the high-resolution area is fixed in the center of the view.[10][14] Varjo described the mixed reality image as "4.6k" and said it was around 35 times the resolution of the HTC Vive Pro's mixed reality.[10]
VR/MR switching
Users can switch between full VR, where only the virtual environment is shown, and mixed reality, which combines real and virtual content. Varjo also said the view could be edited at the pixel level, for example to add, remove or adjust colors, shadows and lights, or to replace real objects with virtual ones.[10]
Eye tracking
20/20 Eye Tracker
The XR-1 includes Varjo's industrial-grade "20/20 Eye Tracker". Varjo specified 100 Hz stereo eye tracking with sub-degree accuracy, and said it works when users wear glasses or contact lenses.[10] Varjo's specification sheet said the integrated eye tracking could be used for user research and data analytics.[13] Volvo Cars used it to measure driver distraction.[8]
VR Expert, a supplier of VR and AR hardware to businesses, described the eye tracker as "the most advanced and powerful stereo eye tracking technology ever integrated into a VR or XR headset".[17]
Tracking
The XR-1 uses outside-in 6DoF tracking. Varjo provides an API for third-party tracking providers, and in 2020 it supported SteamVR Tracking and ART tracking. SteamVR tracking needs two to four SteamVR base stations, and Varjo recommended a well-lit room.[10] Varjo's support site lists the XR-1 Developer Edition among the headsets that support SteamVR Tracking, and the headset communicates wirelessly with SteamVR accessories such as base stations, controllers and trackers.[18] To align virtual objects with real ones, users could attach an HTC Vive Tracker to a physical object or anchor the scene with SteamVR's room setup.[10]
As of May 2020, Varjo's product FAQ said the XR-1 did not support hand tracking, though its depth map could support hand tracking and gesture recognition in the future.[10]
Software and features
The headset runs with Varjo Base, Varjo's companion software for setup, diagnostics, eye tracking and development. Varjo offered a native SDK and plugins for Unity and Unreal Engine, and said it was committed to supporting OpenXR.[10] Varjo Workspace, a 3D interface that lets users work with Windows desktops and 2D and 3D applications inside the headset, shipped as part of the XR-1's software.[10] In December 2019, CNET's Scott Stein described Workspace as a series of monitor-like 2D interfaces that can tap into Windows applications such as Unity, Unreal or Autodesk VRED.[19]
Later Varjo Base releases added XR-1 features:
| Varjo Base version | Date | XR-1 change |
|---|---|---|
| 2.2.0 | 10 March 2020 | Chroma key support, Varjo Tracker support and a simulation mode |
| 2.3.0 | 4 May 2020 | Camera recalibration and improved depth estimation |
| 3.1 | 10 May 2021 | Mixed reality for any OpenVR application (XR-3 and XR-1) |
| 3.3 | 21 October 2021 | Support for the XR_VARJO_marker_tracking OpenXR extension (XR-3 and XR-1); improved tracking quality for static Varjo Markers |
| 3.6.1 | 30 June 2022 | Fixes for eye tracking calibration and for mura correction textures not being applied |
| 3.8 | 21 December 2022 | Supports only XR-3, VR-3 and Varjo Aero; XR-1 users told to stay on 3.7.2 |
Varjo introduced chroma keying and marker tracking on 10 March 2020 as early access features for all XR-1 users. Chroma keying lets users mark parts of the real world by color and replace them with virtual content. Marker tracking anchors virtual objects to printable visual markers (fiducial markers). Varjo called its real-time chroma keying a first for mixed reality devices and showed the features at the DSET defence training show in Bristol on 10-11 March 2020.[9]
System requirements
| Component | Minimum (2020 product page) | Recommended (Varjo support page) |
|---|---|---|
| Processor | Intel Core i7-7820X | Intel Core i7-8700 or AMD Ryzen 7 2700 |
| GPU | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti or NVIDIA Quadro RTX 6000 | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 or NVIDIA Quadro RTX 6000 |
| Memory | 32 GB | 32 GB |
| Storage space | 2 GB | 2 GB |
| Video output | 2 x DisplayPort 1.2 or 2 x Mini DisplayPort 1.2 | 2 x DisplayPort 1.2 or 2 x Mini DisplayPort 1.2 |
| USB | 1 x USB-A 3.0 or newer, not through a hub | 1 x USB-A 3.0 / 3.1 |
| Connector | 1 x native Thunderbolt 3 port | 1 x Thunderbolt 3 port |
| Operating system | Windows 10 (64-bit) | Windows 10 (version 1809 or later) or Windows 11 (21H2 or later) |
- Graphics: NVIDIA GPU required; AMD graphics cards are not supported[21]
- Motherboard: only certain desktops and laptops work, and Varjo kept a list of compatible motherboards and laptops; adapters were not recommended[10]
- Software: SteamVR is required regardless of tracking method, and a Thunderbolt driver is required for the XR-1[21]
- Platform: Windows[21]
Pricing
The XR-1 Developer Edition was an enterprise product:[1]
- Headset: US$9,995 / EUR 9,995
- Software and Support service: US$1,995 / EUR 1,995
Road to VR described the support package as mandatory and one year long, bringing the total to just under US$12,000.[12] The XR-1 cost more than the VR-1, which TechCrunch reported retailed for US$5,995 in May 2019.[7] When the XR-3 was announced at US$5,495 in late 2020, UploadVR called it "a pretty significant price cut from the original XR-1".[4]
Professional applications
Varjo aimed the XR-1 at architecture, engineering and construction (AEC), automotive, research and development, and aerospace and aviation.[1] In 2020 Varjo's website also listed training and simulation, design and engineering, research, and medical as solution areas.[10]
- Automotive: Volvo Cars used the XR-1 to evaluate car interiors and designs and to test virtual active safety features while driving real cars.[8] Road to VR named Audi, Volkswagen and Saab Group among the large companies that had bought Varjo hardware.[12]
- Aviation training and flight simulation: Bohemia Interactive Simulations built a cockpit-based XR solution on the XR-1, in which an AH-64 Apache pilot and co-pilot see their hands and the physical cockpit inside a synthetic environment.[10] Bob Vaughn, a product manager at FlightSafety International, said the company looked forward to exploring the chroma key feature in simulation.[9]
- Design and visualization: TechCrunch judged the XR-1 better suited to design and visualization than to factory floors.[7]
Reception
In a December 2019 hands-on for CNET, Scott Stein said that the passthrough view looked "like I was seeing the room through a slightly hazy visor", although it was a screen. He described the VR resolution as better than anything he had seen, with pixels not visible in the central section. During a demo, he could not tell whether a desk and chair were virtual until he passed his hand through them. He described his own hands in the cockpit demo as "fuzzy-edged and a bit pixelated". Stein also noted that, at US$10,000, the headset was "not something any regular person could afford".[19]
Jon Peddie, writing for GfxSpeak after a demo at AWE 2019, called Varjo "the first one to get MR right". He described a full-size virtual Volvo that stayed in place as he walked around it and could be switched between a virtual Venice backdrop and the real room.[22] In a Computerworld opinion column, analyst Rob Enderle (who disclosed that NVIDIA, AMD, HP, Microsoft and Lenovo were clients) wrote that the XR-1 "appears to be the best out there" for blending real and rendered content. He also called it "wicked expensive" for consumers.[23] TechCrunch's Lucas Matney wrote that Varjo's approach was much more expensive than the already pricey options from Magic Leap and HoloLens.[7]
Successor and end of support
Varjo announced the third-generation XR-3 and Varjo VR-3 in late 2020; UploadVR reported the announcement on 30 November 2020. The XR-3 was offered to enterprise buyers at US$5,495 with a one-year Varjo Subscription at US$1,495, which replaced the previous software and support services. UploadVR compared its price with that of "the original XR-1" and noted that there was never an XR-2.[4]
Varjo Base 3.8, released on 21 December 2022, supports only the XR-3, VR-3 and Varjo Aero. Varjo told users of the VR-1, VR-2, VR-2 Pro and XR-1 Developer Edition to keep using Varjo Base 3.7.2.[20] Varjo's developer documentation states that these older models are supported up to Varjo Base 3.7.2, and its support site recommends 3.7.2 as the last supported release for them.[5][21]
Specifications
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Display type | Bionic Display: 1920 x 1080 low-persistence micro-OLED (focus) and 1440 x 1600 low-persistence AMOLED (context) per eye |
| Central resolution | Over 60 PPD (3000 PPI) |
| Peripheral resolution | 1440 x 1600 per eye |
| Refresh rate | 60/90 Hz |
| Field of view | 87 degrees |
| Contrast | Over 10,000:1 (Varjo: "infinite contrast ratio") |
| Eye tracking | 100 Hz stereo, sub-degree accuracy ("20/20 Eye Tracker") |
| MR cameras | 2 x 12 megapixel at 90 Hz, fixed focus, 94-degree circular viewing angle |
| Imaging pipeline | 4 streams: 1008 x 1008 downscaled + 834 x 520 foveated full-resolution crop per eye |
| Pass-through latency | Under 15 ms (2019 announcement); under 20 ms photon-to-photon (2020 product page) |
| Depth | Active IR system: 2 wide-angle cameras and LEDs |
| Tracking | 6DoF, compatible with SteamVR Tracking and ART |
| IPD | Automatic adjustment |
| Connection | 10 m active optical Thunderbolt cable, Link Box |
| Weight | 1050 g without counterweight; 1300 g with counterweight |
| Price | US$9,995 + US$1,995 Software and Support service |
| Target market | Enterprise/Professional |
Product line
Varjo has continued developing VR and XR headsets:
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "Varjo XR-1 Developer Edition Now Available and Shipping". Varjo. Varjo. 2019-12-02. https://varjo.com/press-release/varjos-xr-1-developer-edition-now-available-and-shipping/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Varjo Announces XR-1 Developer Edition, a Video-Pass-Through Headset for Engineers, Designers and Researchers on the Cutting Edge of Mixed Reality". Varjo. Varjo. 2019-05-29. https://varjo.com/press-release/varjo-announces-xr-1-developer-edition-a-video-pass-through-headset/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 DE Editors (2019-05-29). "Varjo Announces XR-1 Developer Edition, A Video-Pass-Through Headset For Engineers". Digital Engineering 24/7. https://www.digitalengineering247.com/article/varjo-announces-xr-1-developer-edition-a-video-pass-through-headset-for-engineers. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ian Hamilton (2020-11-30). "Varjo VR-3 Has Industry-Leading Resolution, XR-3 Model Gets LiDAR". UploadVR. https://www.uploadvr.com/varjo-xr-3-vr-3-lidar/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Upgrading to XR-4". Varjo Developer Documentation. Varjo. https://developer.varjo.com/docs/get-started/Upgrading-HMD. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ Steve O'Hear (2018-10-07). "Atomico leads $31M Series B in Varjo, the Finnish startup developing 'human-eye resolution' VR and XR". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2018/10/07/varjo/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Lucas Matney (2019-05-29). "Varjo's XR-1 puts your eyes on the outside of its high-end VR headset". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/29/varjos-xr-1-puts-your-eyes-on-the-outside-of-its-high-end-vr-headset/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "Volvo Cars and Varjo launch world-first mixed reality application for car development". Volvo Car Group Global Newsroom. Volvo Cars. 2019-05-29. Archived from the original on 2019-06-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20190626091523/https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/media/pressreleases/253105/volvo-cars-and-varjo-launch-world-first-mixed-reality-application-for-car-development. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Varjo Delivers Absolute Immersion in Mixed Reality with Industry-first Chroma Key & Marker Tracking". Varjo. Varjo. 2020-03-10. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20200930182810/https://varjo.com/press-release/varjo-delivers-absolute-immersion-in-mixed-reality-with-industry-first-chroma-key-marker-tracking/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 "XR-1 Developer Edition". Varjo. Varjo. Archived from the original on 2020-05-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20200512012738/https://varjo.com/products/xr-1/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ "Varjo XR-1 headset promises new levels of realism for mixed reality". AEC Magazine. 2019-05-29. https://aecmag.com/news/varjo-xr-1-headset-promises-new-levels-of-realism-for-mixed-reality/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Scott Hayden (2019-12-03). "Varjo Launches $10,000 XR-1 Dev Edition, Combining VR & AR in a Single Headset". Road to VR. https://www.roadtovr.com/varjo-launches-10000-xr-1-dev-edition-headset-combining-vr-ar-single-package/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 "Varjo XR-1 Developer Edition: Photorealistic Mixed Reality (specification sheet)". Varjo. Varjo. https://www.messe.de/apollo/hannover_messe_2020/obs/Binary/A1004612/Varjo_xR-1_SpecSheet_US_sml.pdf. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "Mixed reality". Varjo Developer Documentation (version 2.2.0). Varjo. https://developer.varjo.com/docs/v2.2.0/get-started/mixed-reality. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 "XR-1 Product and safety guide". Varjo. Varjo Technologies Oy. 2019-10-29. https://varjo-storage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/docs/Varjo_XR-1_Safety_1_0_29102019.pdf. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "XR-1 Quick guide". Varjo. Varjo Technologies Oy. https://varjo-storage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/docs/Varjo_XR-1_Quick_Guide_1_0_en_de_web.pdf. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ "The 3 best features of the Varjo XR-1". VR Expert. https://vr-expert.com/news/the-3-best-features-of-the-varjo-xr-1/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ "How do Varjo headsets connect to SteamVR accessories?". Varjo Support. Varjo. https://support.varjo.com/hc/en-us/how-to-connect-to-steamvr-accessories. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Scott Stein (2019-12-16). "Varjo's VR headset could finally be ready to replace TVs and monitors". CNET. Archived from the original on 2019-12-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217021834/https://www.cnet.com/news/varjo-vr-headset-could-finally-be-ready-to-replace-tvs-monitors/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Release notes: Varjo Base 4.7.1 and older". Varjo Support. Varjo. https://support.varjo.com/hc/en-us/varjo-base-release-notes-4.7.1-and-older. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 "System requirements for XR-1 Developer Edition, VR-2 Pro, VR-2, and VR-1". Varjo Support. Varjo. https://support.varjo.com/hc/en-us/system-requirements-for-xr-1-de-vr-2-pro-vr-2-vr-1. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ Jon Peddie (2019-06-04). "Varjo's XR-1 mixed reality headset". GfxSpeak. https://gfxspeak.com/featured/varjos-reality-headset/. Retrieved 2026-10-13.
- ↑ Rob Enderle (2019-05-31). "Varjo XR-1: Rethinking mixed reality and building for the wearable computing future". Computerworld. https://www.computerworld.com/article/1724402/varjo-xr-1-rethinking-mixed-reality-and-building-for-the-wearable-computing-future.html. Retrieved 2026-10-13.