Augmented reality use cases
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- See also: Augmented Reality
Augmented reality use cases are the fields and tasks in which augmented reality (AR) is applied. In AR, computer-generated objects or information are combined with a user's view of the real world in real time, rather than replacing that view as virtual reality does. Ronald Azuma's 1997 survey of the field defined AR as the integration of "3-D virtual objects" into "a 3-D real environment in real time" and grouped the applications explored up to that point into six classes: medical, manufacturing and repair, annotation and visualization, robot path planning, entertainment, and military aircraft.[1]
Later uses include head-worn and handheld AR for assembly and maintenance instructions, remote assistance, surgical navigation, medical training, anatomy teaching and exposure therapy. Phone-based AR has been used for games, furniture previews, social media camera effects, walking directions and news stories. Soldier head-up displays, vehicle head-up displays and televised sports graphics also overlay information on a live view. The table below lists use cases with examples, and the sections that follow describe documented deployments and studies.
History
The term "augmented reality" appeared in a 1992 paper by Thomas Caudell and David Mizell of Boeing, who described a "heads-up, see-through, head-mounted display" that they called a HUDset. Combined with head position sensing and a registration system, it let "a computer-produced diagram" be "superimposed and stabilized on a specific position on a real-world object". The authors expected it to cut costs in aircraft manufacturing by eliminating templates, formboard diagrams and other masking devices.[2] Azuma's survey described the Boeing work as guiding a technician building the wiring harness for an airplane's electrical system. At the time, technicians built harnesses on large physical layout boards, and Boeing needed several warehouses to store them.[1]
Azuma's survey described several other early prototypes. At Columbia University, Steven Feiner, Blair MacIntyre and Dorée Seligmann built a knowledge-based AR system for laser printer maintenance, published in Communications of the ACM in 1993. It showed a computer-generated wireframe telling the user to remove the paper tray.[3][1] A group at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill scanned a pregnant woman's womb with an ultrasound sensor and displayed a 3-D representation of the fetus in a see-through head-mounted display, and later made a mockup of an AR-guided needle biopsy of a breast tumor. At the University of Toronto, the ARGOS system drew wireframe lines over video of a space shuttle bay in orbit, and its developers showed that stereoscopic AR made robot path planning easier and more accurate than monoscopic interfaces. At SIGGRAPH '95, several exhibitors showed "virtual sets" that composited real actors into 3-D virtual backgrounds in real time. Military aircraft and helicopters had for many years used head-up displays and helmet-mounted sights that superimposed vector graphics on the pilot's view, sometimes registered with targets.[1] Azuma also described using AR to give architects "X-ray vision" of the pipes, electric lines and structural supports inside walls.[1]
Use cases by field
| Use Case | Examples |
|---|---|
| 3D modeling | |
| Architecture | Design review, construction support, and operations and management support, among six AR and VR use cases identified in a 2020 study[4] |
| Automotive design | |
| Big data visualisation | |
| Captions and translation | Live captions and translation on Meta Ray-Ban Display glasses[5] |
| Cinema | |
| Cognitive training | |
| Courtroom | |
| Desktop | Mac Virtual Display on Apple Vision Pro[6] |
| Ecommerce | IKEA Place furniture preview app, built on ARKit[7] |
| Education | HoloAnatomy anatomy curriculum at Case Western Reserve University[8] |
| Finance | |
| Flying drones | |
| Food manipulation | Takuji Narumi of Cyber Interface Lab in Tokyo University; MetaCookie+ gustatory display[9] |
| Gaming | Pokémon Go[10] |
| Handheld 3D imaging | Phi3D by Dot Product |
| Industrial training | Dynamics 365 Guides holographic instructions on Microsoft HoloLens[11] |
| Journalism | AR-enhanced Winter Olympics story in The New York Times app[12] |
| Magic Show | Augmented Magic |
| Manufacturing | Boeing wire harness assembly with Google Glass and Upskill Skylight[13] |
| Marketing | Shopping and try-on Lenses on Snapchat[14] |
| Medical training | CAE VimedixAR[15] |
| Mental health | Exposure therapy for cockroach phobia with virtual cockroaches[16] |
| Meditation | |
| Military | Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) and Soldier Borne Mission Command (SBMC) for the U.S. Army[17] |
| Navigation | Google Maps Live View walking directions[18] |
| Pain relief | Phantom motor execution for phantom limb pain[19] |
| Psychedelics | |
| Recruitment | |
| Remote assistance | Dynamics 365 Remote Assist on HoloLens 2[20] |
| Simulation | |
| Sports spectating | Virtual yellow "1st and Ten" line in American football telecasts[21] |
| Sports training | |
| Social networking | Snapchat Lenses[14] |
| Surgical navigation | Augmedics xvision Spine System[22] |
| Surgery training | System for Telementoring with Augmented Reality[23] |
| Travel | |
| Vehicle head-up displays | Augmented reality navigation arrows in the Mercedes-Benz S-Class[24] |
Manufacturing, construction and remote assistance
Boeing later returned to wire harness assembly with Google Glass running Upskill's Skylight software, which showed technicians their instructions in the display. AR Insider reported that the setup cut wiring production time by 25 percent and reduced error rates to zero; Boeing senior manager Randall MacPherson said the wearable offered "an opportunity to cut the build time by 25 percent".[13]
Microsoft built two enterprise applications for Microsoft HoloLens. Dynamics 365 Guides is, in Microsoft's words, "a mixed-reality application for Microsoft HoloLens that helps operators by providing holographic instructions when and where they're needed".[11] Dynamics 365 Remote Assist lets a HoloLens 2 wearer call colleagues using Microsoft Teams. The remote participants see what the wearer sees, including holograms and the real world behind them, and can place arrows, drawings and files in the wearer's space.[20] Microsoft has announced that both products reach end of support on 31 December 2026. Subscriptions could be bought or renewed until 1 November 2025, and after the end date the apps will no longer function. Microsoft suggests the "spatial annotation" feature in Teams Mobile for some Remote Assist scenarios.[25]
In architecture, engineering and construction, a 2020 study by Juan Manuel Davila Delgado and colleagues ran workshops and questionnaires with 54 experts from 36 organisations. From that data it defined six AR and VR use cases: stakeholder engagement, design support, design review, construction support, operations and management support, and training. The authors listed engineering-grade devices that can cope with construction sites, workflow and data management, and new capabilities as the main areas needing further research.[4]
Medicine and health
Training and education
In January 2017 CAE Healthcare announced CAE VimedixAR, an ultrasound training simulator integrated with the Microsoft HoloLens. Learners scan a Vimedix manikin while viewing animated holographic anatomy of the heart, lungs and abdominal structures, and can watch the ultrasound beam cut through the tissue. Individual organs can be isolated, enlarged and rotated. CAE Healthcare described itself as the first company to bring a commercial HoloLens application to the medical simulation market.[15]
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine compared the HoloAnatomy mixed reality platform with cadaver dissection in a musculoskeletal anatomy course. In the study, published in Medical Teacher in 2020, the 48 medical students who completed the requirements spent an average of 4.564 hours studying with HoloAnatomy and 7.318 hours in the cadaver lab. Exam scores did not differ significantly between the two groups, and the authors concluded that HoloAnatomy "may decrease the time necessary for anatomy didactics without sacrificing student understanding of the material".[8]
Surgical guidance and telementoring
The System for Telementoring with Augmented Reality (STAR), developed by Purdue University and the Indiana University School of Medicine since 2015, gives the person performing a procedure an AR headset that sends video of the operating site to a remote surgeon. The surgeon annotates instructions on a touch screen, and the wearer sees them directly on their view of the operating field.[26] In a study published in Surgery in 2020, 20 participants performed leg fasciotomies on cadavers, either guided by remote expert surgeons through STAR or after reviewing the procedure on their own. Participants using STAR received a 10 percent higher Weighted Individual Performance Score, made 67 percent fewer errors and reported 25 percent more confidence.[23] A later study in npj Digital Medicine had first responders perform cricothyroidotomies on patient simulators in simulated austere settings with smoke, gunfire, explosions and helicopter noise. Responders guided through STAR scored higher than those given audio-only instruction.[26]
In December 2019 Augmedics announced U.S. Food and Drug Administration 510(k) clearance and the U.S. launch of its xvision Spine System, which HIT Consultant described as "the first AR guidance system to be used in surgery". A transparent near-eye-display headset projects 3-D navigation data derived from CT imaging onto the surgeon's retina, so the surgeon can look at the patient and the data at the same time. By June 2020 surgeons at Johns Hopkins University had completed their first surgery with the system, placing six screws in a patient's spine to fuse three vertebrae.[22] On 22 April 2025 Augmedics reported its 10,000th AR spine surgery, performed by Isaac L. Moss at UConn Health in Farmington, Connecticut.[27]
Therapy and pain treatment
In 2005 Cristina Botella and colleagues reported what they described as the first case study using AR to treat a specific phobia. Their system superimposed virtual cockroaches on the real world during a one-session exposure treatment that followed Öst's guidelines. After treatment the participant's fear and avoidance scores had dropped, and the participant was able to approach, interact with and kill live cockroaches. The results held at a one-month follow-up.[16]
A 2016 single-group clinical trial led by Max Ortiz-Catalan and published in The Lancet treated 14 patients with upper limb amputation and chronic intractable phantom limb pain. Each received 12 sessions of "phantom motor execution" using machine learning, augmented and virtual reality, and serious gaming. From before treatment to the last session, pain fell by 47 percent on the weighted pain distribution scale, 32 percent on the numeric rating scale and 51 percent on the pain rating index, and the improvements remained six months after the last session. The trial had no control group.[19]
Consumer, retail and social media
Pokémon Go was launched in 2016 by Niantic. Its AR mode, which requires an iOS or ARCore-capable Android device, makes Pokémon "appear in and around the real-world environment right in front of you" after the phone's camera has detected a flat surface such as the ground or a tabletop.[28] Scopely, which agreed in March 2025 to buy Niantic's games business for US$3.5 billion and closed the deal on 29 May 2025, stated that the game had more than 20 million weekly active players and had been a top 10 mobile title every year since launch. Niantic's technology platform was spun off as a separate company, Niantic Spatial Inc.[10]
IKEA Place was one of the first retail apps built on Apple's ARKit. TechCrunch reported in September 2017 that the app offered 2,000 items at launch, including sofas, armchairs, coffee tables and storage, and that IKEA said it scaled products automatically with "98 percent accuracy". The app was built in seven weeks.[7]
Snap Inc. reports that over 250 million Snapchat users engage with its AR Lenses every day.[14] At its Lens Fest event in October 2025, Snap said its developer community numbered 400,000, that creators had built more than 4 million Lenses, and that over 175 million people played Lens Games on Snapchat every month.[29] Snap says AR is changing the way people "shop, browse, and try on products".[14]
AR headsets can also display a computer's desktop. Apple's Mac Virtual Display shows a Mac's screen inside Apple Vision Pro, shares the Mac's trackpad or mouse pointer with the headset, and offers Standard, Wide and Ultrawide formats; the Ultrawide option is a "32:9 ultrawide screen that wraps around you".[6]
Google began a beta of Live View, AR walking directions in Google Maps, on 8 August 2019, after earlier testing with Pixel owners and Google Maps Local Guides. It runs on iOS devices that support ARKit and Android phones that support ARCore, and uses Street View imagery to overlay arrows and street markers on the camera view.[18]
In cars, AR overlays appear in head-up displays. The augmented reality head-up display of the 2021 Mercedes-Benz S-Class shows blue arrows that appear to float above the road and move into the distance toward the turn the driver should take, and animated red lines warn of an unintended lane departure.[24]
Display glasses bring similar functions to a wearable. Meta Ray-Ban Display, sold in the United States from 30 September 2025 at US$799 with the Meta Neural Band, shows live captions of speech directed at the wearer, real-time translation in select languages, turn-by-turn pedestrian navigation in select cities (in beta at launch) and messages.[5]
Media, sports and journalism
Some AR overlays reach television audiences rather than headset users. The virtual yellow "1st and Ten" line, developed by Sportvision, first appeared on ESPN's Sunday Night Football telecast of the Baltimore Ravens and Cincinnati Bengals on 27 September 1998. By 2013, according to ESPN, "nearly every NFL and college football telecast uses a version of 1st and Ten".[21]
In February 2018 The New York Times published its first AR-enhanced article, a Winter Olympics preview in its iOS app. Readers placed figure skater Nathan Chen, snowboarder Anna Gasser, short track speed skater J.R. Celski and hockey goalie Alex Rigsby on a surface in front of them and walked around the models. The Times built the experience in-house with ARKit and planned an Android version using ARCore.[12]
Military
In November 2018 the U.S. Army awarded Microsoft an Other Transaction Agreement worth up to $22 billion over ten years to develop the Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS). Its core was a ruggedized extended reality head-up display originally based on HoloLens. The Army procured 5,000 IVAS 1.0 systems in 2022 and 5,000 IVAS 1.1 systems in 2023. Users of these early versions reported headaches, eyestrain and nausea. The prototype of the final increment, IVAS 1.2, redesigned the head-up display and reduced its field of view from 70 to 60 degrees. On 10 April 2025 the Army reportedly approved a contract novation that transferred Microsoft's IVAS contract to Anduril. The follow-on program, first called IVAS Next, was renamed Soldier Borne Mission Command (SBMC) in March 2025, and the Army awarded SBMC contracts to Anduril (worth $159 million) and Rivet (worth $195 million). In July 2026 the Government Accountability Office noted that none of the 10,000 IVAS units developed would be fielded.[17]
DefenseScoop reported in August 2026 that Anduril's first-phase SBMC hardware combined glasses developed with Meta and Oakley's Standard Issue brand, a detachable sensor bar with night vision and thermal imaging, an edge compute device, a battery and a controller, with a head-up display of about 110 grams. Anduril said it would deliver 170 phase-two prototypes. Rivet and Elbit Systems of America were also selected to provide solutions for SBMC, and a production award could come in fiscal 2028.[30]
Food and multisensory research
AR research has also extended to senses other than sight. A University of Tokyo team led by Michitaka Hirose developed MetaCookie+, which changes the perceived taste of a plain cookie. The user wears a head-mounted display fitted with a camera and scent tubes and holds a cookie printed with a marker. The system overlays a computer-generated image of, for example, a chocolate cookie and releases a matching scent that grows stronger as the cookie approaches the face. It offered seven smell and image combinations. According to the Government of Japan's Highlighting Japan magazine, about 80 percent of users said the taste had changed, and more than 1,000 visitors tried it during the three days of SIGGRAPH 2010.[9] Takuji Narumi and co-authors presented the approach at the 2011 ACM CHI conference.[31]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Ronald T. Azuma (1997-08). "A Survey of Augmented Reality". Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 355-385. MIT Press. doi:10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.355. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.355. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ T. P. Caudell, D. W. Mizell (1992). "Augmented reality: an application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes". Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. pp. 659-669, vol. 2. doi:10.1109/HICSS.1992.183317. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1992.183317.
- ↑ Steven Feiner, Blair MacIntyre, Dorée Seligmann (1993-07). "Knowledge-based augmented reality". Communications of the ACM, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 53-62. doi:10.1145/159544.159587. https://doi.org/10.1145/159544.159587. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Juan Manuel Davila Delgado, Lukumon Oyedele, Peter Demian, Thomas Beach (2020). "A research agenda for augmented and virtual reality in architecture, engineering and construction". Advanced Engineering Informatics, vol. 45, 101122. doi:10.1016/j.aei.2020.101122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2020.101122. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Meta Ray-Ban Display: AI Glasses With an EMG Wristband". Meta Newsroom. Meta Platforms. 2025-09. https://about.fb.com/news/2025/09/meta-ray-ban-display-ai-glasses-emg-wristband/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Use Mac Virtual Display with Apple Vision Pro". Apple Vision Pro User Guide. Apple. https://support.apple.com/guide/apple-vision-pro/use-mac-virtual-display-tan357ede966/visionos. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ingrid Lunden (2017-09-12). "IKEA Place, the retailer's first ARKit app, creates lifelike pictures of furniture in your home". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/12/ikea-place-the-retailers-first-arkit-app-creates-lifelike-pictures-of-furniture-in-your-home/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Jacob S. Ruthberg, Gabriel Tingle, Li Tan, Lauren Ulrey, Sara Simonson-Shick, Rebecca Enterline, Hollie Eastman, Jeffrey Mlakar, Robert Gotschall, Erin Henninger, Mark A. Griswold, Susanne Wish-Baratz (2020). "Mixed reality as a time-efficient alternative to cadaveric dissection". Medical Teacher, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 896-901. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2020.1762032. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1762032. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Toshio Matsubara (2012-01). "Wired for Taste". Highlighting Japan. Public Relations Office, Government of Japan. https://www.gov-online.go.jp/eng/publicity/book/hlj/html/201201/201201_04.html. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Scopely to acquire Niantic games business, which includes "Pokémon GO," one of the most successful mobile games of all time". Scopely. 2025-03-12. https://www.scopely.com/en/news/scopely-to-acquire-niantic-games-business-which-includes-pokemon-go-one-of-the-most-successful-mobile-games-of-all-time. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Microsoft Dynamics 365 Guides documentation". Microsoft Learn. Microsoft. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/mixed-reality/guides/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Sarah Perez (2018-02-06). "The NYT debuts its first augmented reality-enhanced story on iOS". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2018/02/06/the-nyt-debuts-its-first-augmented-reality-enhanced-story-on-ios/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Mike Boland (2021-08-24). "Case Study: Boeing Cuts Production Time with AR". AR Insider. https://arinsider.co/2021/08/24/case-study-boeing-cuts-production-time-with-ar/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 "Build and Share Augmented Reality for Snapchat". Snap AR. Snap Inc.. https://ar.snap.com/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 HITC Staff (2017-01-30). "CAE Healthcare Unveils First Mixed Reality Ultrasound Simulation Solution". HIT Consultant. https://hitconsultant.net/2017/01/30/cae-healthcare-ultrasound-simulation/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Cristina M. Botella, M. Carmen Juan, Rosa M. Baños, Mariano Alcañiz, Verónica Guillén, Beatriz Rey (2005-04). "Mixing realities? An application of augmented reality for the treatment of cockroach phobia". CyberPsychology and Behavior, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 162-171. doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.162. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.162. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Kelley M. Sayler (2026-07-20). "Army's Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS)/Soldier Borne Mission Command (SBMC)". Congressional Research Service, In Focus IF13022. Library of Congress. https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF13022. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Darrell Etherington (2019-08-08). "Google launches 'Live View' AR walking directions for Google Maps". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2019/08/08/google-launches-live-view-ar-walking-directions-for-google-maps/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Max Ortiz-Catalan et al. (2016-12). "Phantom motor execution facilitated by machine learning and augmented reality as treatment for phantom limb pain: a single group, clinical trial in patients with chronic intractable phantom limb pain". The Lancet, vol. 388, no. 10062, pp. 2885-2894. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31598-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31598-7. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Overview of Dynamics 365 Remote Assist on HoloLens 2". Microsoft Learn. Microsoft. 2026-01-15. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/mixed-reality/remote-assist/overview-hololens. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Bill Hofheimer (2013-09-27). "Virtual Yellow 1st and Ten line debuted on ESPN 15 years ago today". ESPN Press Room. ESPN. https://espnpressroom.com/feature/virtual-yellow-1st-and-ten-line-debuted-on-espn-15-years-ago-today/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Fred Pennic (2020-06-15). "Augmedics Lands $15M for FDA-Cleared Augmented Reality Guidance System for Surgery". HIT Consultant. https://hitconsultant.net/2020/06/15/augmedics-augmented-reality-guidance-system-for-surgery-funding/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Edgar Rojas-Muñoz, Maria Eugenia Cabrera, Chengyuan Lin, Daniel Andersen, Voicu Popescu, Kathryn Anderson, Ben L. Zarzaur, Brian Mullis, Juan P. Wachs (2020-04). "The System for Telementoring with Augmented Reality (STAR): A head-mounted display to improve surgical coaching and confidence in remote areas". Surgery, vol. 167, no. 4, pp. 724-731. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2019.11.008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2019.11.008. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Brad Anderson (2020-07-29). "2021 Mercedes-Benz S-Class Has A Head-Up Display With Augmented Reality". Carscoops. https://www.carscoops.com/2020/07/2021-mercedes-benz-s-class-has-a-head-up-display-with-augmented-reality/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ "Dynamics 365 Guides and Remote Assist reaching end of support on December 31, 2026". Microsoft Lifecycle, Microsoft Learn. Microsoft. 2025-10-14. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/announcements/dynamics-365-guides-remote-assist-end-of-support. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Augmented reality tool shown to help surgeons remotely guide first responders in battlefield-like scenarios". Purdue University News. Purdue University. 2020-07-27. https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/archive/releases/2020/Q3/augmented-reality-tool-shown-to-help-surgeons-remotely-guide-first-responders-in-battlefield-like-scenarios.html. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ "Augmedics completes 10,000th augmented reality spine surgery with xvision Spine System". Augmedics. Augmedics. 2025-04-22. https://augmedics.com/news/augmedics-completes-ten-thousandth-ar-surgery-xvision-spine-system/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ "Catching Pokémon in AR mode". Pokémon GO Help Center. Niantic. https://niantic.helpshift.com/hc/en/6-pokemon-go/faq/28-catching-pokemon-in-ar-mode-1712012768/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ "Lens Fest 2025: Building the Next Decade of AR Together". Snap Newsroom. Snap Inc.. 2025-10-16. https://newsroom.snap.com/lens-fest-2025. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ Jon Harper (2026-08-17). "Anduril redesigns tech for Army's Soldier Borne Mission Command program". DefenseScoop. https://defensescoop.com/2026/08/17/anduril-tech-soldier-borne-mission-command-program/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ Takuji Narumi, Shinya Nishizaka, Takashi Kajinami, Tomohiro Tanikawa, Michitaka Hirose (2011). "Augmented reality flavors: gustatory display based on edible marker and cross-modal interaction". Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2011). pp. 93-102. doi:10.1145/1978942.1978957. https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1978957.