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Steam Audio

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Steam Audio
Information
Type Software development kit
Industry Video games, virtual reality
Developer Valve (based on Phonon by Impulsonic)
Written In C++ (SDK), C# (Unity plugin)
Operating System Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, iOS
License Apache License 2.0 (since February 2024)
Release Date February 23, 2017 (2.0 beta 1)
Website https://valvesoftware.github.io/steam-audio/


Steam Audio is a spatial audio software development kit made by Valve for games and virtual reality applications. It combines HRTF-based binaural rendering with physics-based sound propagation, so that sounds are occluded, reflected and reverberated by the actual geometry and materials of a scene instead of by hand-placed filters.[1][2] It is the continuation of Phonon, a product of the 3D audio company Impulsonic, which Valve acquired in January 2017.[3][4]

Valve released the first beta on February 23, 2017, free of charge and without royalty requirements. From the start the SDK was not tied to Steam or to any particular VR headset.[1][5] In February 2024, with version 4.5.2, Valve published the full source code of the SDK and all plugins under the Apache 2.0 license.[6][7] As of October 2026 the current release is 4.8.1, with plugins for Unity, Unreal Engine, FMOD Studio and Wwise.[8] Valve's own Half-Life: Alyx and SteamVR Home use it, and VRChat switched to it as its spatializer on all platforms in December 2025.[9][10][11]

Reviewed 15 October 2026. Checked every date, version, feature and integration claim against Valve's Steam announcements, GitHub releases and README, the C API documentation, archived Impulsonic pages, the UNC article, press reports, VRChat and Pavlov posts, and the cited paper abstracts. About review dates.

History

Impulsonic and Phonon

Impulsonic was founded in late 2011 by researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC). Its company page listed Anish Chandak as chief executive officer and Lakulish Antani as vice president of engineering, with UNC professors Dinesh Manocha and Ming C. Lin as technical advisors. The company said its physics-based audio tool, Phonon, was built on papers and patents from the UNC research phase.[12] According to UNC's research magazine Endeavors, Chandak and Antani were Ph.D. students when they proposed the company to Lin and Manocha in 2011. The idea was to use existing UNC technologies for physically based sound simulation; the startup was supported by a Carolina Express License from UNC's Office of Commercialization and Economic Development and received funding from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Army Research Office and NC IDEA.[4]

Antani and Chandak's academic work at UNC included interactive sound propagation methods that precompute how sound moves through a scene. A 2012 ACM Transactions on Graphics paper by Antani, Chandak, Lauri Savioja and Manocha computed specular and diffuse reflections, edge diffraction and late reverberation for moving sources and a moving listener, and demonstrated an integration with Valve's Source game engine.[13] A related paper in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics described a precomputed "direct-to-indirect" acoustic transfer operator for diffuse reflections in static scenes.[14]

Impulsonic's product line consisted of Phonon 3D, Phonon Reverb and Phonon SoundFlow.[12] Its January 2017 download page offered Phonon 3D and Phonon Reverb as plugins for Unity, Unreal Engine 4, FMOD Studio and Wwise and as a C API.[15] The latest version at the time of the acquisition, Phonon 1.7 "Sylvester", had been released in August 2016.[15][3]

Acquisition by Valve and launch

In January 2017 Impulsonic announced on its website that it had been acquired by Valve and that its team would move to Valve's offices over the following weeks.[15] UploadVR reported that the price was not disclosed.[3] Endeavors reported in March 2017 that Chandak and Antani now worked at Valve and quoted Antani describing Steam Audio as "just the next release of our original product at Impulsonic".[4]

Valve released the Steam Audio SDK 2.0 beta 1 on February 23, 2017.[16] Its release notes describe the changes from Phonon 1.7 as a unified package for 3D audio and real-time and baked propagation. 3D audio (previously Phonon 3D), baked reverb (previously Phonon Reverb) and baked per-sound propagation effects (previously Phonon SoundFlow) became features of the one SDK, the 3D audio was changed to reduce frequency coloration, and Ambisonics-based propagation and direction-dependent reverb were added.[16] The launch build supported Windows, Linux, macOS and Android, and shipped as a Unity plugin and a C API for custom engines.[1] Road to VR noted that developers for headsets such as the Oculus Rift and Samsung Gear VR could use it.[5] GamesBeat reported that Unreal Engine 4 support was coming soon.[17]

Beta releases (2017-2021)

Unreal Engine 4 support arrived in May 2017. Valve said the plugin shipped with Unreal Engine by default starting with 4.16 Preview 2 and worked with the new audio engine introduced in that version. It provided per-source HRTF settings, direct-sound occlusion and physically based propagation.[18] In August 2017 Valve published the source code of the Unity plugin, while the core Steam Audio library stayed available only as binaries.[19] In September 2017 SteamVR Home began shipping with Steam Audio enabled by default on positional sounds, so workshop environments got HRTF-based direction and height cues.[10]

An FMOD Studio plugin followed with 2.0 beta 12 in January 2018.[20] Later betas added hardware acceleration from AMD and Intel. Beta 13 (February 2018) supported AMD TrueAudio Next, which runs convolution on a reserved part of a supported AMD GPU.[21] Beta 14 (June 2018) added the Intel Embree ray tracer and source directivity patterns.[22] Beta 15 (August 2018) added AMD Radeon Rays, an OpenCL ray tracing library that also runs on NVIDIA and Intel GPUs. Valve stated that it baked propagation and reverb 50 to 150 times faster than the built-in single-threaded ray tracer, so that an hour-long reverb bake took under a minute on a Radeon RX Vega 64.[23] Beta 16 (October 2018) accepted custom HRTFs in the SOFA (Spatially-Oriented Format for Acoustics) file format, which Valve presented as a tool for research into personalized HRTFs.[24] Beta 17 (February 2019) added instanced meshes, so geometry could move as a rigid body during play.[25] The 2.0 beta series ended with beta 20 in April 2021.[26]

Half-Life: Alyx and version 4

In a January 2020 Reddit Q&A reported by Road to VR, a Half-Life: Alyx sound designer who signed his answers "Dave" said the game used "Steam Audio HRTF, DSP, and occlusion", listed "numerous Steam Audio improvements" among the audio work done for it, and said that having the Steam Audio team in the same building had helped the audio team.[9]

Steam Audio 4.0.0, released on July 22, 2021, contained features that Valve said were developed or significantly enhanced during the development of Half-Life: Alyx. The version number jumped from 2.0-beta.20 to 4.0.0, which Valve called "the next available integer". The release added pathing and hybrid reverb and redesigned the C API, and it was not backwards-compatible with earlier releases.[27] Steam Audio 4.1.0 (July 2022) rebuilt the Unreal Engine plugin, which then required Unreal Engine 4.27 or later. It added FMOD Studio support inside Unreal, macOS and Linux support, streaming sublevels and dynamic Blueprint objects. It was the first release in which the Unreal plugin shipped alongside the other plugins and the core SDK, and Valve said later Unreal plugin updates would be published on GitHub.[28][29] Version 4.5.0 (December 2023) added iOS support for 64-bit ARM iPhone and iPad devices running iOS 11.0 or later.[30]

Open-source release and Wwise

On February 19, 2024 Valve announced that the complete Steam Audio codebase, including the SDK and all plugins, was available under the Apache 2.0 license. The Unity, Unreal and FMOD Studio plugins had already been open source. Valve wrote that its feature priorities were often set by internal projects (it gave the hybrid reverb and pathing work for Half-Life: Alyx as an example) and that opening the SDK let partners do work such as porting it to a console platform themselves. The license allows use in commercial products and redistribution under other terms without shipping source code.[6] The GitHub release notes for 4.5.2 call it "the first open source release of the Steam Audio SDK source code".[7] GamingOnLinux and other outlets covered the change.[31]

Steam Audio 4.6.0, released on December 17, 2024, introduced a Wwise plugin with HRTF, occlusion, propagation and baking, integrated with the Unity and Unreal plugins.[32] The same release added experimental WebAssembly builds.[33] Later releases opened up the raw simulation output: 4.7.0 (August 2025) added API objects for energy fields, impulse responses and reconstruction, plus experimental octave-band filtering,[34] and 4.8.0 (November 2025) merged a community contribution that lets materials change and static geometry be exported during gameplay.[35] Version 4.8.1, a maintenance release from February 11, 2026 with bug fixes and small additions such as Unity menu options to bake all data in a scene, is the latest on GitHub as of October 2026.[36]

Release history

Version Date Main changes
2.0 beta 1 February 23, 2017 First release (Unity plugin and C API); merges Phonon 3D, Phonon Reverb and Phonon SoundFlow[16]
2.0 beta 4 May 2017 Unreal Engine 4 support from Unreal Engine 4.16 Preview 2[18]
2.0 beta 12 January 2018 FMOD Studio plugin[20]
2.0 beta 13 February 2018 AMD TrueAudio Next GPU convolution[21]
2.0 beta 14 June 2018 Intel Embree ray tracer; source directivity[22]
2.0 beta 15 August 2018 AMD Radeon Rays GPU ray tracing for baking[23]
2.0 beta 16 October 2018 Custom HRTFs in SOFA format[24]
2.0 beta 17 February 2019 Instanced meshes (moving geometry)[25]
4.0.0 July 22, 2021 Pathing, hybrid reverb, redesigned C API[27]
4.1.0 July 5, 2022 Rebuilt Unreal Engine plugin (4.27 or later)[29]
4.5.0 December 15, 2023 iOS support[30]
4.5.2 February 19, 2024 First open-source release of the SDK (Apache 2.0)[7]
4.6.0 December 17, 2024 Wwise plugin; experimental WebAssembly build[33]
4.7.0 August 11, 2025 Energy field and impulse response APIs; experimental octave bands[34]
4.8.0 November 26, 2025 Runtime material changes and geometry export[35]
4.8.1 February 11, 2026 Bug fixes and minor additions[36]

Features

Steam Audio separates simulation from rendering. A simulator computes parameters for each sound source against a scene, and audio effects (direct, reflection and path effects) then process the sound with those parameters. All audio is handled as 32-bit floating-point samples. Any geometry that should affect sound is placed in a scene made of static meshes and movable instanced meshes, and each triangle carries a material with absorption, scattering and transmission values.[37][38]

Binaural rendering

The binaural effect applies an HRTF, a pair of filters describing how sound from a given direction changes before it reaches each ear. Steam Audio ships a default HRTF and can load custom ones from SOFA files. HRTF interpolation can be nearest-neighbor, which is fast but can produce audible switching for moving sources, or bilinear, which is smoother and costs more.[38] At launch Valve stated that its HRTF rendering had low enough CPU cost to handle hundreds or even thousands of sources on a single core, and that it reduced frequency coloration while keeping good localization.[1] Steam Audio can also encode sources into Ambisonics, rotate the sound field with the listener's head and decode it to binaural stereo or a speaker layout.[38] Valve's Steamworks documentation lists spatialization of Ambisonic clips, with ambiences that stay fixed in the world as the listener turns, among the features.[39]

Direct sound and occlusion

The direct effect handles distance attenuation, three-band air absorption, source directivity (by default a weighted dipole, which blends a monopole and a dipole) and occlusion. Occlusion is a fraction between 0 and 1, normally found by ray tracing, and a three-band transmission filter is applied to the occluded part of the sound.[38] Besides simple raycast occlusion, Steam Audio supports partial occlusion for sources that are only partly hidden, and it uses the existing scene geometry instead of separate occlusion meshes.[1]

Reflections, reverb and baking

For reflections, rays are traced from the listener and bounced off the scene up to a set number of times. The result is stored as an impulse response in Ambisonics form, and the reflection effect convolves the audio with it; reverb is modeled by placing the source at the listener's position.[38] Because real-time simulation is expensive, reflections can be baked at probes placed through the scene (for example on a grid over the floor), and the runtime then estimates reflections from nearby probes.[38] Valve compared this to light probes in graphics.[1] Hybrid reverb, added in 4.0.0, renders early reflections by convolution and the late reverb tail with parametric reverb, trading quality against CPU use, and lets designers control the tail length.[27]

Pathing

Pathing, also added in 4.0.0, bakes shortest paths between pairs of probes placed in the scene. At run time it uses them to work out how sound from a moving source reaches a moving listener around corners and through doors and windows. If dynamic geometry such as a door blocks a baked path, Steam Audio can find alternate paths on the fly, and it applies a diffraction model to paths that bend around obstacles. Valve noted that simulation results can also be used outside audio rendering, for example to drive enemy AI from the loudness of propagation paths.[27][40]

Ray tracers and acceleration

Steam Audio offers a built-in ray tracer that works on all platforms, Intel Embree (Windows, Linux and macOS), AMD Radeon Rays (64-bit Windows with OpenCL 1.2 or later) and a callback interface for a developer's own ray tracer.[38] AMD TrueAudio Next can be used for GPU convolution on supported AMD hardware.[21]

Supported platforms and integrations

Integration Minimum version (Steam Audio 4.8.1)
Unity plugin Unity 2017.3
Unreal Engine plugin Unreal Engine 4.27
FMOD Studio plugin FMOD Studio 2.0
Wwise plugin Wwise 2023.1

The 4.8.1 README lists support for Windows (32-bit and 64-bit), Linux (32-bit and 64-bit), macOS, Android (armv7, arm64, x86 and x64) and iOS.[8] Valve's Steamworks documentation also describes a C/C++ SDK for other engines or middleware, built with CMake so it can be ported to other platforms.[39] The SDK is written mainly in C++, with C# code for the Unity integration.[19][8]

Steam Audio does not depend on a particular headset or store. Valve's launch post said it "is not restricted to any particular VR device or to Steam".[1] VRChat stressed when it adopted the SDK that, despite the name, Steam Audio is not tied to Steam and is used on every platform VRChat runs on.[11][41]

Use in VR applications

Application Use of Steam Audio
SteamVR Home Enabled by default on positional sounds from September 2017[10]
Pavlov Steam Audio and a sound revamp added in Update 20 (April 2019)[42]
Half-Life: Alyx HRTF, DSP and occlusion, according to the game's sound designer (2020)[9]
VRChat Spatializer on all platforms from version 2025.4.2 (December 2025)[41]

Pavlov's developers said the Update 20 build with Steam Audio was not compatible with AMD FX processors and added sound quality settings to reduce the impact.[42]

VRChat had previously used a spatializer called ONSP and tested Steam Audio in a series of betas before switching. Its 2025.4.2 release notes blamed ONSP for engineering problems, bugs that VRChat could not fix itself and inconsistencies across platforms, and said the team found that Steam Audio handled crowded instances better.[41] In its December 4, 2025 developer update, VRChat said it would not revert the change, that a conversion layer handled existing ONSP content, and that occlusion, reflections and audio ray tracing were not yet available to world creators because they needed a world SDK update.[11]

Research

Researchers have used Steam Audio when building VR studies. In the Virtual Reality Everyday Assessment Lab (VR-EAL), a neuropsychological test battery built in Unity for the HTC Vive and Oculus Rift, Panagiotis Kourtesis and colleagues used Steam Audio to spatialize sounds at their sources' locations and to improve reverberation, citing earlier work to argue that spatialized sound helps users orient and navigate.[43] In a conference abstract presented at BioMedEng25 in September 2025, Alex Razvan Domniteanu, Jane Gallacher and Mario Ettore Giardini compared six spatialization engines, including Steam Audio, Google Resonance, Project Acoustics, FMOD Studio, Wwise and Unreal Engine 5 panning, in a task where 15 normal-hearing participants judged whether a second 800 Hz tone was left or right of the first. They found the measurements broadly similar, with few outliers, but bias separated the engines into three groups, and concluded that the choice of engine affects measured localization ability.[44]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Introducing Steam Audio". Steam Community. Valve. 2017-02-23. https://steamcommunity.com/games/596420/announcements/detail/75837063472186375. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  2. ↑ "Steam Audio". Steam Audio. Valve. https://valvesoftware.github.io/steam-audio/. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Jamie Feltham (2017-01-12). "Sounds Good: Valve Acquires 3D Audio Company Impulsonic". UploadVR. https://uploadvr.com/valve-acquires-3d-audio-company-impulsonic/. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Patrick Seelinger (2017-03-13). "Real Sound in a Virtual World". College of Arts and Sciences News Archive (Endeavors). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. https://collegearchive.unc.edu/?p=18823. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ben Lang (2017-02-23). "Valve Launches Free Steam Audio SDK Beta to Give VR Apps Immersive 3D Sound". Road to VR. https://www.roadtovr.com/valve-launches-free-steam-audio-sdk-beta-give-vr-apps-immersive-3d-sound/. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Steam Audio Open Source Release". Steam Community. Valve. 2024-02-19. https://steamcommunity.com/games/596420/announcements/detail/8033928544508495889. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "v4.5.2 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2024-02-19. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v4.5.2. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "ValveSoftware/steam-audio (README)". GitHub. Valve. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Ben Lang (2020-01-22). "Valve: 'Half-Life: Alyx' Dev Team is the 'single largest we've ever had'". Road to VR. https://www.roadtovr.com/half-life-alyx-development-team-reddit-ama-qa/. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Steam Audio now in SteamVR Home". Steam Community. Valve. 2017-09-22. https://steamcommunity.com/games/596420/announcements/detail/2149763711095590160. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Developer Update - 4 December 2025". VRChat Ask Forum. VRChat. 2025-12-04. https://ask.vrchat.com/t/developer-update-4-december-2025/47243. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Company". Impulsonic. Impulsonic. 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160315063559/https://www.impulsonic.com/company/. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  13. ↑ Lakulish Antani, Anish Chandak, Lauri Savioja, Dinesh Manocha (2012-01). "Interactive sound propagation using compact acoustic transfer operators". ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 31, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1145/2077341.2077348. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  14. ↑ Lakulish Antani, Anish Chandak, Micah Taylor, Dinesh Manocha (2012-02). "Direct-to-Indirect Acoustic Radiance Transfer". IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 261-269. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2011.76. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Phonon - Impulsonic". Impulsonic. Impulsonic. 2017-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20170122151356/https://www.impulsonic.com/. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Initial Steam Audio SDK Release (v2.0-beta.1)". GitHub. Valve. 2017-02-23. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v2.0-beta.1. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  17. ↑ Jason Wilson (2017-02-25). "Valve's Steam Audio will bring better sound to games and VR". GamesBeat. https://gamesbeat.com/valves-steam-audio-will-bring-better-sound-to-games-and-vr/. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Steam Audio for Unreal Engine 4". Steam Community. Valve. 2017-05-02. https://steamcommunity.com/games/596420/announcements/detail/1858142318047109176. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Blog: Source Code Release for Steam Audio Unity Plugin". Steam Community. Valve. 2017-08-16. https://steamcommunity.com/games/596420/announcements/detail/2093465546038445441. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "v2.0-beta.12 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2018-01-10. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v2.0-beta.12. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 "Beta 13: AMD TrueAudio Next Support". Steam Community. Valve. 2018-02-06. https://steamcommunity.com/games/596420/announcements/detail/2363696743817581464. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "v2.0-beta.14 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2018-06-25. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v2.0-beta.14. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Beta 15: Radeon Rays support". Steam Community. Valve. 2018-08-23. https://steamcommunity.com/games/596420/announcements/detail/2444779293788428626. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Beta 16: Custom HRTF Support". Steam Community. Valve. 2018-10-25. https://steamcommunity.com/games/596420/announcements/detail/2403127338429669300. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "v2.0-beta.17 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2019-02-21. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v2.0-beta.17. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  26. ↑ "v2.0-beta.20 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2021-04-13. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v2.0-beta.20. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 "Steam Audio 4.0.0 Release". Steam Community. Valve. 2021-07-22. https://steamcommunity.com/games/596420/announcements/detail/4038024692287469326. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  28. ↑ "v4.1.0 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2022-07-05. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v4.1.0. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Steam Audio 4.1.0 Release". Steam Community. Valve. 2022-07-05. https://steamcommunity.com/games/596420/announcements/detail/4474904295774365857. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "v4.5.0 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2023-12-15. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v4.5.0. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  31. ↑ Liam Squires-Hand (2024-02-20). "Valve open sourced Steam Audio including the SDK and Plugins". GamingOnLinux. https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2024/02/valve-open-sourced-steam-audio-including-the-sdk-and-plugins/. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  32. ↑ "Steam Audio 4.6.0: Wwise support". Steam Community. Valve. 2024-12-17. https://steamcommunity.com/games/596420/announcements/detail/1785774543696278. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "v4.6.0 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2024-12-17. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v4.6.0. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "v4.7.0 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2025-08-11. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v4.7.0. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "v4.8.0 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2025-11-26. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v4.8.0. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "v4.8.1 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2026-02-11. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v4.8.1. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  37. ↑ "Scene - Steam Audio C API". Steam Audio documentation. Valve. https://valvesoftware.github.io/steam-audio/doc/capi/scene.html. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5 38.6 "Programmer's Guide - Steam Audio C API". Steam Audio documentation. Valve. https://valvesoftware.github.io/steam-audio/doc/capi/guide.html. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Steam Audio". Steamworks Documentation. Valve. https://partner.steamgames.com/doc/features/steam_audio. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  40. ↑ "v4.0.0 Release". GitHub. Valve. 2021-07-22. https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-audio/releases/tag/v4.0.0. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 "VRChat 2025.4.2". VRChat Documentation. VRChat. https://docs.vrchat.com/docs/vrchat-202542. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Update 20 - Steam Audio, Attachments & New Workshop API". Steam News. Vankrupt Games. 2019-04-08. https://store.steampowered.com/news/app/555160/view/2508976515658195217. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  43. ↑ Panagiotis Kourtesis, Danai Korre, Simona Collina, Leonidas A. A. Doumas, Sarah E. MacPherson (2020-01-14). "Guidelines for the Development of Immersive Virtual Reality Software for Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology: The Development of Virtual Reality Everyday Assessment Lab (VR-EAL), a Neuropsychological Test Battery in Immersive Virtual Reality". Frontiers in Computer Science, vol. 1, article 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2019.00012. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
  44. ↑ Alex Razvan Domniteanu, Jane Gallacher, Mario Ettore Giardini (2025-09-04). "Do sound spatialisation engines affect sound localisation abilities in normal-hearing human participants?". BioMedEng25 conference. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/2d7351c8-1df6-4e70-9938-23b91f7fe9af. Retrieved 2026-10-15.
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