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{{Device Infobox
{{Device Infobox
|image = [[File:Varjo xr-41.png|350px]]
|name = Varjo Aero
|VR/AR = [[Mixed Reality]], [[Virtual Reality]]
|image =
|VR/AR = [[Virtual Reality]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Subtype = [[PC-Powered VR]]
|Subtype = [[PC VR]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]], [[OpenXR]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]], [[Varjo Base]]
|Creator =
|Creator = [[Varjo]]
|Developer = [[Varjo]]
|Developer = [[Varjo]]
|Manufacturer = [[Varjo]]
|Manufacturer = [[Varjo]]
|Announcement Date = November 27, 2023
|Announcement Date = October 21, 2021
|Release Date = November 2023
|Release Date = October 2021
|Price = $3,990 (XR-4 Standard Edition, no subscription)
|Price = $1,990 (original), $990 (reduced 2023)
|Website = https://varjo.com
|Website = https://varjo.com/products/aero/
|Versions = XR-4, XR-4 Focal Edition, XR-4 Secure Edition
|Versions = Varjo Aero
|Requires = High-end PC
|Requires = High-end gaming PC, SteamVR Tracking
|Predecessor = [[Varjo XR-3]]
|Predecessor = [[Varjo VR-3]]
|Successor = ?????
|Successor = [[Varjo XR-4]]
|Operating System = Windows 10/11 (64-bit)
|Operating System = [[Windows]]
|Chipset =
|Chipset = N/A (tethered PCVR)
|CPU =
|CPU = N/A (PC-powered)
|GPU =
|GPU = N/A (PC-powered)
|HPU =
|HPU =
|Storage =
|Storage = N/A
|Memory =
|Memory = N/A
|SD Card Slot = No
|SD Card Slot = No
|Display = Mini-LED
|Display = Dual Mini LED LCD
|Subpixel Layout = RGB
|Subpixel Layout = RGB stripe
|Peak Brightness = 200 nits
|Peak Brightness = 150 nits
|Resolution = 3840×3744 per eye
|Resolution = 2880 × 2720 per eye (5760 × 2720 combined)
|Refresh Rate = 90 Hz (120 Hz experimental)
|Pixel Density = 35 PPD (peak)
|Pixel Density = 51 PPD
|Refresh Rate = 90Hz
|Persistence = Low persistence
|Persistence = Low persistence
|Precision = Sub-pixel precision
|Field of View = 115° (diagonal)
|Field of View = 120° × 105° (H×V)
|Horizontal FoV = ~115°
|Horizontal FoV = 120°
|Vertical FoV = ~115°
|Vertical FoV = 105°
|Average Pixel Density = ~30 PPD
|Visible FoV = 120° × 105°
|Peak Pixel Density = 35 PPD
|Rendered FoV = 120° × 105°
|Foveated Rendering = Yes (eye-tracked)
|Binocular Overlap = 105°
|Optics = Custom aspherical lenses
|Average Pixel Density = 51 PPD
|Peak Pixel Density = 51 PPD
|Foveated Rendering = Yes (dynamic)
|Optics = Dual-element aspheric lenses
|Ocularity = Binocular
|Ocularity = Binocular
|IPD Range = 55-75mm (automatic adjustment)
|IPD Range = 57-73mm (automatic with eye tracking)
|Adjustable Diopter = No
|Adjustable Diopter = No (glasses compatible)
|Passthrough = Yes (20MP cameras + 300k LiDAR)
|Passthrough = No
|Tracking = Inside-out (4 cameras)
|Tracking = 6DoF outside-in (SteamVR/Lighthouse)
|Tracking Frequency = 200 Hz
|Tracking Frequency = 1000Hz (base stations)
|Base Stations = Not required (optional support)
|Base Stations = Required (sold separately)
|Eye Tracking = Yes (200Hz)
|Eye Tracking = Yes (200Hz, built-in)
|Face Tracking =
|Face Tracking = No
|Hand Tracking = Yes (integrated)
|Hand Tracking = No
|Body Tracking =
|Body Tracking = Via VIVE Trackers
|Rotational Tracking = 6DOF
|Rotational Tracking = Yes
|Positional Tracking = 6DOF
|Positional Tracking = Yes
|Update Rate = 200 Hz
|Update Rate = 200Hz (eye tracking)
|Tracking Volume = 7m radius
|Tracking Volume = Lighthouse 1.0/2.0 supported
|Play Space = Room-scale
|Play Space = Roomscale
|Latency = ~22ms (passthrough), less than 15ms (VR)
|Latency = <20ms motion-to-photon
|Audio = DTS 3D spatial audio headphones
|Audio = No built-in speakers
|Microphone = Dual noise-cancelling
|Microphone = No
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes (integrated in headband)
|Camera = 2× 20MP RGB, 1× 300k LiDAR sensor
|Camera = No
|Connectivity = USB-C (Thunderbolt 4 compatible)
|Connectivity = DisplayPort 1.4, USB-A 3.0
|Ports = 1× USB-C
|Ports = DisplayPort 1.4, USB-A 3.0
|Wired Video = USB-C with DisplayPort Alt Mode
|Wired Video = Yes (DisplayPort)
|Wireless Video =
|Wireless Video = No
|WiFi =
|WiFi = No
|Bluetooth =
|Bluetooth = No
|Power = USB-C Power Delivery
|Power = USB powered
|Battery Capacity =
|Battery Capacity = N/A
|Battery Life =
|Battery Life = N/A (tethered)
|Charge Time =
|Charge Time = N/A
|Dimensions = 280mm × 140mm × 120mm
|Dimensions = ~200mm × 130mm × 110mm
|Weight = 665g (headset only), 1021g (complete)
|Weight = 487g (headset), 230g (headband)
|Material = Carbon fiber composite, magnesium
|Material = High-quality plastics, aluminum
|Headstrap = FlexFit ergonomic system
|Headstrap = Adjustable headband with counter-weight
|Haptics = No
|Haptics = No
|Color = Black with carbon fiber accents
|Color = White/Gray
|Sensors = 200Hz eye tracking, 9-axis IMU, ambient light sensor
|Sensors = Eye tracking cameras, IMU, Lighthouse sensors
|Input = Hand tracking, SteamVR controllers
|Input = SteamVR controllers (sold separately)
|Compliance = CE, FCC, IC, UKCA, TAA (Secure Edition)
|Compliance = FCC, CE
|Size = Adjustable (S/M/L cushions)
|Cable Length = 5 meters (16.4 ft)
}}
}}
The [[Varjo XR-4]] is a professional [[PC-Powered VR|PC-powered]] [[mixed reality]] and [[virtual reality]] [[head-mounted display]] announced on November 27, 2023, by [[Varjo|Varjo Technologies]].<ref name="varjo-xr4-product" /> Representing the fourth generation of Varjo's mixed reality technology, the XR-4 series eliminated subscription requirements, introduced inside-out tracking as standard, and offered professional-grade specifications at a revised price point for its class.<ref name="varjo-announcement" />
==History==
The XR-4 development began in 2022 following feedback from [[Varjo XR-3]] customers and success of the subscription-free [[Varjo Aero]]. Key development goals included democratizing professional mixed reality, aiming for high visual fidelity in both virtual and passthrough modes, and eliminating external tracking requirements.<ref name="cnbc" />
===Major Improvements over XR-3===
*51 PPD uniform resolution (vs dual-display system)
*20-megapixel [[passthrough cameras]] (vs 12MP)
*[[Inside-out tracking]] standard (vs external base stations)
*Significant price reduction for the standard model with no subscription
*Passthrough resolution of 33 PPD (Standard Edition) or 51 PPD (Focal Edition)


==Technical Specifications==
The '''Varjo Aero''' is a professional-grade [[PC VR]] [[head-mounted display]] developed by [[Varjo]], a Finnish company known for enterprise-focused "human-eye resolution" VR/XR headsets. Announced on October 21, 2021, the Aero represented Varjo's first attempt to bring their high-fidelity VR technology to a broader market beyond pure enterprise customers. Featuring dual mini LED LCD displays at 2880 × 2720 per eye (5760 × 2720 combined), 35 pixels per degree peak fidelity, a 115° field of view, and built-in 200Hz eye tracking with automatic IPD adjustment, the Aero offered near-professional-grade clarity at $1,990—significantly less than Varjo's enterprise headsets priced at $3,000-$6,000+. Though discontinued with the release of the Varjo XR-4 series, the Aero established that professional-grade VR clarity could be achieved at a price point accessible to serious enthusiasts and prosumers.
===Display Technology===
The XR-4 uses advanced Mini-LED panels:
*'''Resolution''': 3840×3744 per eye (14.8 megapixels total)
*'''Pixel Density''': 51 pixels per degree (uniform)
*'''Panel Type''': Fast-switching Mini-LED with local dimming
*'''Brightness''': 200 nits sustained
*'''Contrast''': 10,000:1 with local dimming
*'''Color Gamut''': 96% DCI-P3, 98% sRGB


===Mixed Reality Cameras===
== History and Development ==
High-resolution passthrough system:
*'''RGB Cameras''': Dual 20-megapixel global shutter sensors
*'''Passthrough Resolution''': 33 PPD (XR-4 Standard Edition), 51 PPD (XR-4 Focal Edition, matching virtual content)
*'''Frame Rate''': 90 fps with ~22ms latency
*'''Dynamic Range''': 14 stops with HDR processing
*'''Low Light''': ISO 25,600 equivalent sensitivity


===LiDAR Depth System===
=== Varjo Background ===
Enhanced from XR-3:
Finnish VR company founded in 2016:
*'''Resolution''': 300,000 points (300 kpix)
* "Human-eye resolution" VR goal
*'''Range''': 0.2m to 7m (extended from 5m)
* Enterprise-first approach
*'''Accuracy''': ±2mm at 1m distance
* Professional simulation focus
*'''Frame Rate''': 30 fps depth updates (Note: some sources may vary)
* Premium positioning
*'''Coverage''': 94° × 78° depth sensing FOV


==Breakthrough Features==
=== Previous Products ===
===Gaze-Driven Autofocus (Focal Edition)===
Varjo's enterprise lineup:
World's first XR autofocus system:<ref name="varjo-autofocus" />
* '''VR-1 (2019)''': First "Bionic Display" with micro-OLED focus area
*'''Technology''': Liquid lens with 200Hz response
* '''VR-2 (2019)''': Improved VR-1
*'''Focus Range''': 20cm to infinity
* '''XR-1 (2019)''': Added mixed reality capability
*'''Eye-Coupled''': Focus follows gaze automatically
* '''VR-3/XR-3 (2020)''': Improved resolution and wider FOV
*'''Latency''': <5ms focus adjustment
* All $3,000+ with subscription fees
*'''Applications''': Aims to solve vergence-accommodation conflict


===[[Inside-Out Tracking]]===
=== Aero Concept ===
Professional-grade markerless tracking:
Bridging enterprise and prosumer:
*'''Cameras''': 4× wide-angle tracking sensors
* Lower price point target
*'''Algorithm''': Advanced SLAM with ML enhancement
* No subscription required
*'''Accuracy''': Sub-millimeter precision
* Simplified design
*'''Range''': 7-meter radius tracking volume
* Broader market appeal
*'''Persistence''': Remembers room layout


===Integrated Hand Tracking===
=== Removing Enterprise Complexity ===
Built-in hand interaction:
Streamlined from enterprise models:
*'''Technology''': Computer vision with neural networks
* No LiDAR camera system
*'''Fingers Tracked''': All 10 fingers with 21 points each
* No video passthrough
*'''Latency''': 11ms hand-to-photon
* Single display technology (not bionic)
*'''Gestures''': Library of standard XR interactions
* Reduced manufacturing cost
*'''SDK''': Direct hand data access for developers


==Software Ecosystem==
=== October 2021 Launch ===
===No Subscription Model===
Market positioning:
Following Aero's success:
* $1,990 price point
*'''One-Time Purchase''': Starting at $3,990 for XR-4 Standard Edition
* No annual subscription
*'''All Features Included''': No feature tiers within an edition
* SteamVR compatibility
*'''Free Updates''': Lifetime software support
* Enthusiast and prosumer target
*'''Professional Tools''': Full SDK access


===Varjo Controller Software===
== Design Philosophy ==
New unified control system:
*'''Device Management''': Configure all settings
*'''Performance Monitoring''': Real-time diagnostics
*'''User Profiles''': Save multiple configurations
*'''Cloud Sync''': Settings backup and restore


===Development Support===
=== Professional Clarity for Prosumers ===
*'''[[Unity]] Plugin''': Native XR-4 features
Bringing enterprise quality down:
*'''[[Unreal Engine]] 5''': Full integration with Nanite/Lumen
* Near-professional visual fidelity
*'''[[OpenXR]] Extensions''': Varjo-specific features
* Accessible price (for Varjo)
*'''[[NVIDIA Omniverse]]''': RTX rendering support
* Enthusiast-friendly platform
* No subscription model


==Variants==
=== Mini LED Technology ===
===XR-4 Standard Edition===
Cost-effective high quality:
Base professional model:
* Mini LED approaching OLED performance
*All core features
* Better than standard LCD
*20MP passthrough (33 PPD)
* Local dimming capability
*300k LiDAR
* Lower cost than micro-OLED
*$3,990


===[[XR-4 Focal Edition]]===
=== Eye Tracking Standard ===
With gaze-driven autofocus:
Built-in eye tracking:
*All Standard features plus:
* Automatic IPD adjustment
*Liquid lens autofocus system
* Foveated rendering
*20MP passthrough (51 PPD)
* Analytics capability
*Enhanced eye tracking data
* 200Hz precision
*$9,990
===[[XR-4 Secure Edition]]===
Government/Defense variant:<ref name="varjo-secure" />
*[[TAA]]/[[BAA]] compliant
*Secure boot process
*Offline operation mode
*Manufactured in secure facility
*ITAR-free for international use


==System Requirements==
=== Modular Approach ===
===Minimum Specifications===
Flexible configuration:
*'''OS''': Windows 10 version 20H2 or Windows 11
* No built-in audio
*'''CPU''': Intel Core i9-11900K or AMD Ryzen 9 5900X (or comparable)
* No controllers included
*'''GPU''': NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070, RTX 3080, RTX 2080 Ti, or NVIDIA RTX A5000 (or comparable AMD GPU)
* No base stations included
*'''RAM''': 32 GB DDR4-3200
* User provides ecosystem
*'''Storage''': 1 TB NVMe SSD
*'''USB''': Thunderbolt 4 or USB-C with DP Alt Mode
===Recommended Specifications===
*'''CPU''': Intel Core i9-13900K or AMD Ryzen 9 7950X
*'''GPU''': NVIDIA RTX 4090 or RTX 6000 Ada
*'''RAM''': 64 GB DDR5
*'''Storage''': 2 TB NVMe Gen4 SSD


==Industry Applications==
== Display Technology ==
===Automotive Industry===
Enhanced design validation:
*'''[[BMW Group]]''': Full vehicle design in MR
*'''[[Stellantis]]''': Global design collaboration
*'''[[Rimac Automobili]]''': Hypercar development
*'''[[Polestar]]''': Sustainable material visualization


Use cases:
=== Mini LED LCD Panels ===
*Design reviews with physical clay models
Advanced display technology:
*Ergonomics testing with real drivers
* '''Resolution''': 2880 × 2720 per eye
*HMI development and testing
* '''Total''': 5760 × 2720
*Virtual showrooms with real products
* '''Technology''': Mini LED backlight with LCD
===Healthcare and Medical===
* '''Brightness''': 150 nits
*'''[[Cleveland Clinic]]''': Surgical planning in MR
*'''[[Karolinska Institute]]''': Medical education
*'''[[Brainlab]]''': Image-guided surgery
*'''[[Siemens Healthineers]]''': MRI/CT visualization


Applications:
=== Mini LED Benefits ===
*Pre-operative planning with patient data
Display advantages:
*Medical device training
* Better contrast than standard LCD
*Anatomy education with cadavers
* Local dimming zones
*Rehabilitation therapy
* Approaching OLED blacks
* Good HDR performance


===Architecture and Construction===
=== Pixel Density ===
*'''[[Zaha Hadid Architects]]''': Parametric design review
High clarity metrics:
*'''[[AECOM]]''': Infrastructure visualization
* '''Peak''': 35 PPD
*'''[[Trimble]]''': BIM integration
* '''Average''': ~30 PPD
*'''[[Autodesk]]''': Native Revit support
* Sharp text readability
* Near-retinal clarity in center


===Defense and Aerospace===
=== Refresh Rate ===
*'''[[Lockheed Martin]]''': F-35 maintenance
Standard VR timing:
*'''[[Saab]]''': Gripen pilot training
* 90Hz fixed
*'''[[BAE Systems]]''': Ship design review
* Low persistence
*'''Various contractors''': Classified programs
* Smooth motion
* Consistent experience


==Market Reception==
== Optical System ==
===Launch Impact===
The XR-4 announcement generated significant attention<ref name="skarredghost" />:
*'''Price Point''': $3,990 for the standard edition was a notable reduction from the previous XR-3.
*'''No Subscription''': Praised by enterprise customers.
*'''Feature Set''': Considered comprehensive for its price in the professional market.
*'''Availability''': Global launch in 40+ countries.<ref name="auganix" />


===Critical Response===
=== Custom Aspherical Lenses ===
Professional reviews were generally positive, highlighting advancements:
High-quality optics:
*'''[[Road to VR]]''': "The XR-4 redefines what's possible in mixed reality"
* Custom-designed lenses
*'''[[UploadVR]]''': "Professional MR at prosumer pricing" (Note: "prosumer pricing" is relative to the high-end professional market)
* Minimal distortion
*'''[[VRFocus]]''': "Inside-out tracking rivals base station precision"
* Edge-to-edge clarity
* Professional grade


====Common Praise====
=== Field of View ===
*Passthrough quality is a key focus, with Varjo aiming for experiences "indistinguishable from natural sight," though user experiences may vary.
Wide viewing area:
*Autofocus system (Focal Edition) "game-changing" for MR.
* '''Diagonal''': 115°
*Price/performance ratio considered strong for the professional segment.
* '''Horizontal''': ~105°
*Ergonomics significantly improved.
* '''Vertical''': ~105°
* Competitive with consumer headsets


====Criticisms====
=== No God Rays ===
*High PC requirements remain.
Clean visual experience:
*No wireless option at launch.
* Aspherical design benefits
*Hand tracking, while improved, may occasionally lose precision.
* Minimal glare
*Passthrough quality, while high, may not always meet the "indistinguishable from reality" claim under all conditions, according to some hands-on reviews.
* Clean high-contrast images
*Limited battery for future standalone use (if such a version were developed).
* Professional quality


==Technical Innovations==
== Eye Tracking ==
===CloudXR Integration===
Streaming MR capabilities:
*'''NVIDIA CloudXR''': RTX server rendering
*'''5G Support''': Ultra-low latency streaming
*'''Edge Computing''': Local cloud deployment
*'''Multi-User''': Synchronized MR sessions


===AI-Enhanced Processing===
=== Built-In System ===
Machine learning throughout:
Integrated eye tracking:
*'''[[Passthrough]] Enhancement''': AI upscaling and denoising
* '''Frequency''': 200Hz
*'''[[Hand Tracking]]''': Neural network gesture recognition
* '''Accuracy''': Sub-degree
*'''[[Eye Tracking]]''': Predictive gaze estimation
* '''Technology''': IR-based
*'''[[SLAM]]''': ML-assisted tracking robustness
* Always available


===Optics Engineering===
=== Automatic IPD ===
*'''Dual-Element Lenses''': Reduced aberrations
Convenience feature:
*'''Coating Technology''': 99.5% light transmission
* '''Range''': 57-73mm
*'''Edge-to-Edge Clarity''': <2% distortion at edges
* Automatically detected
*'''Pancake Design''': Considered but rejected for quality
* No manual adjustment needed
* Accurate positioning


==Manufacturing Excellence==
=== Foveated Rendering ===
===Helsinki Production===
Performance optimization:
In-house manufacturing advantages:
* Eye-tracked foveated rendering
*'''Quality Control''': 100% optical calibration
* Significant performance gains
*'''Lead Time''': 5-day average shipping
* Full resolution in gaze area
*'''Customization''': OEM versions available
* Reduced peripheral resolution
*'''Sustainability''': Carbon neutral facility


===Component Partners===
=== Applications ===
*'''Display Panels''': BOE (custom Mini-LED)
Eye tracking uses:
*'''[[Camera]]s''': Sony (IMX sensors)
* Performance optimization
*'''[[LiDAR]]''': Proprietary Varjo design
* Research and analytics
*'''[[Lense]]s''': ZEISS (coating technology)
* Training assessment
* Attention studies


==Competitive Landscape==
== Tracking System ==
===Versus Apple Vision Pro===
'''XR-4 Advantages''': Higher virtual resolution, PC-powered performance for demanding applications, established professional ecosystem, potentially more robust tracking for certain professional use cases.


'''Vision Pro Advantages''': Standalone operation, advanced consumer-facing OS and apps, highly integrated hand/eye tracking for its interface.
=== SteamVR Lighthouse ===
===Versus Meta Quest Pro/3===
External tracking required:
'''XR-4 Advantages''': Significantly higher resolution, professional-grade tools and support, superior passthrough fidelity (especially Focal Edition).
* Base stations not included
* Lighthouse 1.0/2.0 compatible
* Sub-millimeter accuracy
* Room-scale support


'''Quest Advantages''': Standalone, much lower price, larger consumer content library.
=== Base Station Requirements ===
===Versus HTC Vive XR Elite===
Additional purchase:
'''XR-4 Advantages''': Higher resolution, generally superior passthrough quality, more advanced eye tracking.
* Minimum 2 base stations needed
* Valve or HTC stations
* Significant additional cost
* Standard SteamVR setup


'''Vive Advantages''': Standalone option, lower price point.
=== Controller Compatibility ===
SteamVR ecosystem:
* Controllers not included
* Valve Index controllers recommended
* VIVE Wand compatible
* Any SteamVR controller works


==Future Roadmap==
== Audio ==
While not officially announced, industry sources suggest:
*Standalone version in development
*Wireless adapter planned for 2025
*8K per eye displays in testing
*AI copilot for enterprise applications


==Impact on Industry==
=== No Built-In Speakers ===
*The XR-4's launch influenced the mixed reality landscape:
Modular audio approach:
*Set a new benchmark for professional MR features at its price point.
* 3.5mm jack in headband
*Reinforced the demand for 50+ PPD for detailed professional use.
* BYO headphones
*Accelerated inside-out tracking adoption in the professional space.
* High-quality audio possible
*Validated the no-subscription model for enterprise hardware.
* User choice
*Technologies popularized:
*Gaze-driven autofocus for XR (Focal Edition).
*20MP+ passthrough cameras.
*300k+ point LiDAR integration.
*Uniform high-PPD displays.


==See Also==
=== Recommended Solutions ===
*[[Mixed reality]]
Audio options:
*[[Varjo|Varjo Technologies]]
* Over-ear headphones
*[[Varjo XR-3]]
* In-ear monitors
*[[Varjo Aero]]
* Gaming headsets
*[[Apple Vision Pro]]
* Professional audio equipment
*[[LiDAR]]
*[[Inside-out tracking]]
*[[Foveated rendering]]
*[[TAA compliance]]


==References==
== Physical Design ==
<references>
 
<ref name="varjo-announcement">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/press-release/varjo-releases-new-xr-4-series-to-deliver-mixed-reality-experiences-indistinguishable-from-natural-sight/|title=Varjo Releases New XR-4 Series to Deliver Mixed Reality Experiences Indistinguishable from Natural Sight|publisher=Varjo|date=November 27, 2023|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
=== Premium Build ===
<ref name="cnbc">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/27/finnish-startup-varjo-launches-3990-xr-4-mixed-reality-headset.html|title=Finnish startup Varjo launches $3,990 XR-4 mixed reality headset|publisher=CNBC|date=November 27, 2023|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
Professional construction:
<ref name="skarredghost">{{cite web|url=https://skarredghost.com/2023/11/27/varjo-xr-4-price-resolution/|title=Varjo announces XR-4 mixed reality headset with impressive resolution|publisher=The Ghost Howls|date=November 27, 2023|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* High-quality plastics
<ref name="auganix">{{cite web|url=https://www.auganix.org/xr-news-varjo-announces-new-xr-4-series-of-headsets/|title=Varjo announces new XR-4 series headsets|publisher=Auganix|date=November 2023|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* Aluminum accents
<ref name="varjo-xr4-product">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/products/xr-4/|title=Mixed Reality Headset for Professionals – Varjo XR-4 Series|publisher=Varjo|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* Premium feel
<ref name="varjo-secure">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/products/xr-4-secure-edition/|title=Mixed reality headset with TAA certification – Varjo XR-4 Secure Edition|publisher=Varjo|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* Durable materials
<ref name="varjo-autofocus">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/vr-lab/xr-4-features-explained-worlds-first-gaze-driven-xr-autofocus-camera-system/|title=XR-4 Features Explained: World's First Gaze-Driven XR Autofocus Camera System|publisher=Varjo|date=2023|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
 
</references>
=== Headband Design ===
Counter-weighted comfort:
* Adjustable headband
* Rear counter-weight
* Good weight distribution
* Extended wear comfort
 
=== Weight ===
Reasonable for specifications:
* '''Headset''': 487g
* '''Headband''': 230g
* '''Total''': 717g
* Well-balanced
 
=== Active Cooling ===
Thermal management:
* Active fan cooling
* Sustained performance
* Audible but not loud
* Prevents throttling
 
== Connectivity ==
 
=== Cable Requirements ===
Wired connection:
* DisplayPort 1.4
* USB-A 3.0
* Single cable from headset
* Breakout to dual connection
 
=== PC Requirements ===
High-end specifications:
* '''Recommended GPU''': NVIDIA RTX 3080 or better
* '''Minimum GPU''': RTX 2080
* High resolution demands
* Eye-tracked foveated rendering helps
 
== Software Platform ==
 
=== Varjo Base ===
Varjo software:
* Device configuration
* Firmware updates
* Performance settings
* Analytics tools
 
=== SteamVR Integration ===
Gaming platform:
* Full SteamVR compatibility
* Steam library access
* OpenVR support
* Standard game support
 
=== No Subscription ===
Unlike enterprise Varjo:
* No annual fee
* One-time purchase
* Software included
* Updates provided
 
== Use Cases ==
 
=== Flight Simulation ===
Ideal application:
* High resolution for instruments
* Wide FOV for situational awareness
* Text readability
* Professional quality
 
=== Racing Simulation ===
Sim racing benefits:
* Sharp distant detail
* Good peripheral vision
* Eye tracking potential
* Enthusiast favorite
 
=== Professional Visualization ===
Enterprise-lite applications:
* Design review
* Architectural visualization
* Engineering simulation
* Training development
 
=== Prosumer Applications ===
Advanced users:
* Content creation
* VR development
* Research
* High-end gaming
 
== Pricing History ==
 
=== Launch Price ===
October 2021:
* $1,990 USD
* No subscription required
* Base stations/controllers separate
* Competitive for specifications
 
=== Price Reduction ===
September 2023:
* Reduced to ~$990-$1,000
* 50% price cut
* End-of-life clearance
* Exceptional value at reduced price
 
=== Discontinuation ===
XR-4 series replacement:
* Varjo XR-4 launched
* Aero discontinued
* Successor positioning
* Technology advancement
 
== Comparison with Competitors ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Feature !! Varjo Aero !! HP Reverb G2 !! Pimax 8K X
|-
| Price || $1,990 (original) || $599 || $1,299
|-
| Resolution/eye || 2880×2720 || 2160×2160 || 3840×2160
|-
| PPD || 35 (peak) || ~22 || ~20
|-
| Eye Tracking || Yes (200Hz) || No || Optional
|-
| FOV || 115° || ~98° || Up to 170°
|-
| Tracking || Lighthouse || WMR || Lighthouse
|}
 
== Strengths and Limitations ==
 
=== Strengths ===
* Exceptional visual clarity
* Built-in eye tracking
* Automatic IPD
* No subscription fee
* Professional build quality
 
=== Limitations ===
* High price (at launch)
* No audio included
* No controllers included
* No base stations included
* Discontinued product
 
== Legacy ==
 
=== Market Position ===
Proved prosumer viability:
* Professional quality achievable
* Price reduction expanded access
* Enthusiast validation
* Bridge to consumer
 
=== Successor Development ===
Led to XR-4 improvements:
* Lessons applied
* Cost optimization
* Feature refinement
* Continued prosumer interest
 
== Technical Specifications Summary ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Specification !! Details
|-
| Display || Dual Mini LED LCD, 2880 × 2720 per eye
|-
| Total Resolution || 5760 × 2720
|-
| Pixel Density || 35 PPD (peak)
|-
| FOV || 115° diagonal
|-
| Refresh Rate || 90Hz
|-
| Eye Tracking || Yes (200Hz)
|-
| Tracking || SteamVR Lighthouse
|-
| Audio || None (3.5mm jack)
|-
| Weight || 717g (total)
|-
| Original Price || $1,990
|-
| Reduced Price || ~$990
|-
| Status || Discontinued
|}
 
== See Also ==
* [[Varjo]]
* [[Varjo XR-4]]
* [[Eye Tracking]]
* [[SteamVR]]
* [[Lighthouse Tracking]]
* [[PC VR]]
* [[Mini LED]]
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Devices]]
[[Category:Mixed Reality Devices]]
[[Category:VR Headsets]]
[[Category:VR Headsets]]
[[Category:MR Headsets]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Headsets]]
[[Category:Mixed Reality Headsets]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2023]]
[[Category:Finnish brands]]
[[Category:Head-mounted displays]]
[[Category:Head-mounted displays]]
[[Category:PC VR]]
[[Category:Varjo]]
[[Category:SteamVR]]
[[Category:Eye Tracking]]
[[Category:2020s VR]]
[[Category:Discontinued]]

Revision as of 03:13, 8 January 2026

Varjo Aero
Basic Info
VR/AR Virtual Reality
Type Head-mounted display
Subtype PC VR
Platform SteamVR, Varjo Base
Creator Varjo
Developer Varjo
Manufacturer Varjo
Announcement Date October 21, 2021
Release Date October 2021
Price $1,990 (original), $990 (reduced 2023)
Website https://varjo.com/products/aero/
Versions Varjo Aero
Requires High-end gaming PC, SteamVR Tracking
Predecessor Varjo VR-3
Successor Varjo XR-4
System
Operating System Windows
Chipset N/A (tethered PCVR)
CPU N/A (PC-powered)
GPU N/A (PC-powered)
Storage
Storage N/A
Memory N/A
SD Card Slot No
Display
Display Dual Mini LED LCD
Subpixel Layout RGB stripe
Peak Brightness 150 nits
Resolution 2880 × 2720 per eye (5760 × 2720 combined)
Pixel Density 35 PPD (peak)
Refresh Rate 90Hz
Persistence Low persistence
Image
Field of View 115° (diagonal)
Horizontal FoV ~115°
Vertical FoV ~115°
Average Pixel Density ~30 PPD
Peak Pixel Density 35 PPD
Foveated Rendering Yes (eye-tracked)
Optics
Optics Custom aspherical lenses
Ocularity Binocular
IPD Range 57-73mm (automatic with eye tracking)
Adjustable Diopter No (glasses compatible)
Passthrough No
Tracking
Tracking 6DoF outside-in (SteamVR/Lighthouse)
Tracking Frequency 1000Hz (base stations)
Base Stations Required (sold separately)
Eye Tracking Yes (200Hz, built-in)
Face Tracking No
Hand Tracking No
Body Tracking Via VIVE Trackers
Rotational Tracking Yes
Positional Tracking Yes
Update Rate 200Hz (eye tracking)
Tracking Volume Lighthouse 1.0/2.0 supported
Play Space Roomscale
Latency <20ms motion-to-photon
Audio
Audio No built-in speakers
Microphone No
3.5mm Audio Jack Yes (integrated in headband)
Camera No
Connectivity
Connectivity DisplayPort 1.4, USB-A 3.0
Ports DisplayPort 1.4, USB-A 3.0
Wired Video Yes (DisplayPort)
Wireless Video No
WiFi No
Bluetooth No
Power USB powered
Battery Capacity N/A
Battery Life N/A (tethered)
Charge Time N/A
Device
Dimensions ~200mm × 130mm × 110mm
Weight 487g (headset), 230g (headband)
Material High-quality plastics, aluminum
Headstrap Adjustable headband with counter-weight
Haptics No
Color White/Gray
Sensors Eye tracking cameras, IMU, Lighthouse sensors
Input SteamVR controllers (sold separately)
Compliance FCC, CE

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The Varjo Aero is a professional-grade PC VR head-mounted display developed by Varjo, a Finnish company known for enterprise-focused "human-eye resolution" VR/XR headsets. Announced on October 21, 2021, the Aero represented Varjo's first attempt to bring their high-fidelity VR technology to a broader market beyond pure enterprise customers. Featuring dual mini LED LCD displays at 2880 × 2720 per eye (5760 × 2720 combined), 35 pixels per degree peak fidelity, a 115° field of view, and built-in 200Hz eye tracking with automatic IPD adjustment, the Aero offered near-professional-grade clarity at $1,990—significantly less than Varjo's enterprise headsets priced at $3,000-$6,000+. Though discontinued with the release of the Varjo XR-4 series, the Aero established that professional-grade VR clarity could be achieved at a price point accessible to serious enthusiasts and prosumers.

History and Development

Varjo Background

Finnish VR company founded in 2016:

  • "Human-eye resolution" VR goal
  • Enterprise-first approach
  • Professional simulation focus
  • Premium positioning

Previous Products

Varjo's enterprise lineup:

  • VR-1 (2019): First "Bionic Display" with micro-OLED focus area
  • VR-2 (2019): Improved VR-1
  • XR-1 (2019): Added mixed reality capability
  • VR-3/XR-3 (2020): Improved resolution and wider FOV
  • All $3,000+ with subscription fees

Aero Concept

Bridging enterprise and prosumer:

  • Lower price point target
  • No subscription required
  • Simplified design
  • Broader market appeal

Removing Enterprise Complexity

Streamlined from enterprise models:

  • No LiDAR camera system
  • No video passthrough
  • Single display technology (not bionic)
  • Reduced manufacturing cost

October 2021 Launch

Market positioning:

  • $1,990 price point
  • No annual subscription
  • SteamVR compatibility
  • Enthusiast and prosumer target

Design Philosophy

Professional Clarity for Prosumers

Bringing enterprise quality down:

  • Near-professional visual fidelity
  • Accessible price (for Varjo)
  • Enthusiast-friendly platform
  • No subscription model

Mini LED Technology

Cost-effective high quality:

  • Mini LED approaching OLED performance
  • Better than standard LCD
  • Local dimming capability
  • Lower cost than micro-OLED

Eye Tracking Standard

Built-in eye tracking:

  • Automatic IPD adjustment
  • Foveated rendering
  • Analytics capability
  • 200Hz precision

Modular Approach

Flexible configuration:

  • No built-in audio
  • No controllers included
  • No base stations included
  • User provides ecosystem

Display Technology

Mini LED LCD Panels

Advanced display technology:

  • Resolution: 2880 × 2720 per eye
  • Total: 5760 × 2720
  • Technology: Mini LED backlight with LCD
  • Brightness: 150 nits

Mini LED Benefits

Display advantages:

  • Better contrast than standard LCD
  • Local dimming zones
  • Approaching OLED blacks
  • Good HDR performance

Pixel Density

High clarity metrics:

  • Peak: 35 PPD
  • Average: ~30 PPD
  • Sharp text readability
  • Near-retinal clarity in center

Refresh Rate

Standard VR timing:

  • 90Hz fixed
  • Low persistence
  • Smooth motion
  • Consistent experience

Optical System

Custom Aspherical Lenses

High-quality optics:

  • Custom-designed lenses
  • Minimal distortion
  • Edge-to-edge clarity
  • Professional grade

Field of View

Wide viewing area:

  • Diagonal: 115°
  • Horizontal: ~105°
  • Vertical: ~105°
  • Competitive with consumer headsets

No God Rays

Clean visual experience:

  • Aspherical design benefits
  • Minimal glare
  • Clean high-contrast images
  • Professional quality

Eye Tracking

Built-In System

Integrated eye tracking:

  • Frequency: 200Hz
  • Accuracy: Sub-degree
  • Technology: IR-based
  • Always available

Automatic IPD

Convenience feature:

  • Range: 57-73mm
  • Automatically detected
  • No manual adjustment needed
  • Accurate positioning

Foveated Rendering

Performance optimization:

  • Eye-tracked foveated rendering
  • Significant performance gains
  • Full resolution in gaze area
  • Reduced peripheral resolution

Applications

Eye tracking uses:

  • Performance optimization
  • Research and analytics
  • Training assessment
  • Attention studies

Tracking System

SteamVR Lighthouse

External tracking required:

  • Base stations not included
  • Lighthouse 1.0/2.0 compatible
  • Sub-millimeter accuracy
  • Room-scale support

Base Station Requirements

Additional purchase:

  • Minimum 2 base stations needed
  • Valve or HTC stations
  • Significant additional cost
  • Standard SteamVR setup

Controller Compatibility

SteamVR ecosystem:

  • Controllers not included
  • Valve Index controllers recommended
  • VIVE Wand compatible
  • Any SteamVR controller works

Audio

No Built-In Speakers

Modular audio approach:

  • 3.5mm jack in headband
  • BYO headphones
  • High-quality audio possible
  • User choice

Recommended Solutions

Audio options:

  • Over-ear headphones
  • In-ear monitors
  • Gaming headsets
  • Professional audio equipment

Physical Design

Premium Build

Professional construction:

  • High-quality plastics
  • Aluminum accents
  • Premium feel
  • Durable materials

Headband Design

Counter-weighted comfort:

  • Adjustable headband
  • Rear counter-weight
  • Good weight distribution
  • Extended wear comfort

Weight

Reasonable for specifications:

  • Headset: 487g
  • Headband: 230g
  • Total: 717g
  • Well-balanced

Active Cooling

Thermal management:

  • Active fan cooling
  • Sustained performance
  • Audible but not loud
  • Prevents throttling

Connectivity

Cable Requirements

Wired connection:

  • DisplayPort 1.4
  • USB-A 3.0
  • Single cable from headset
  • Breakout to dual connection

PC Requirements

High-end specifications:

  • Recommended GPU: NVIDIA RTX 3080 or better
  • Minimum GPU: RTX 2080
  • High resolution demands
  • Eye-tracked foveated rendering helps

Software Platform

Varjo Base

Varjo software:

  • Device configuration
  • Firmware updates
  • Performance settings
  • Analytics tools

SteamVR Integration

Gaming platform:

  • Full SteamVR compatibility
  • Steam library access
  • OpenVR support
  • Standard game support

No Subscription

Unlike enterprise Varjo:

  • No annual fee
  • One-time purchase
  • Software included
  • Updates provided

Use Cases

Flight Simulation

Ideal application:

  • High resolution for instruments
  • Wide FOV for situational awareness
  • Text readability
  • Professional quality

Racing Simulation

Sim racing benefits:

  • Sharp distant detail
  • Good peripheral vision
  • Eye tracking potential
  • Enthusiast favorite

Professional Visualization

Enterprise-lite applications:

  • Design review
  • Architectural visualization
  • Engineering simulation
  • Training development

Prosumer Applications

Advanced users:

  • Content creation
  • VR development
  • Research
  • High-end gaming

Pricing History

Launch Price

October 2021:

  • $1,990 USD
  • No subscription required
  • Base stations/controllers separate
  • Competitive for specifications

Price Reduction

September 2023:

  • Reduced to ~$990-$1,000
  • 50% price cut
  • End-of-life clearance
  • Exceptional value at reduced price

Discontinuation

XR-4 series replacement:

  • Varjo XR-4 launched
  • Aero discontinued
  • Successor positioning
  • Technology advancement

Comparison with Competitors

Feature Varjo Aero HP Reverb G2 Pimax 8K X
Price $1,990 (original) $599 $1,299
Resolution/eye 2880×2720 2160×2160 3840×2160
PPD 35 (peak) ~22 ~20
Eye Tracking Yes (200Hz) No Optional
FOV 115° ~98° Up to 170°
Tracking Lighthouse WMR Lighthouse

Strengths and Limitations

Strengths

  • Exceptional visual clarity
  • Built-in eye tracking
  • Automatic IPD
  • No subscription fee
  • Professional build quality

Limitations

  • High price (at launch)
  • No audio included
  • No controllers included
  • No base stations included
  • Discontinued product

Legacy

Market Position

Proved prosumer viability:

  • Professional quality achievable
  • Price reduction expanded access
  • Enthusiast validation
  • Bridge to consumer

Successor Development

Led to XR-4 improvements:

  • Lessons applied
  • Cost optimization
  • Feature refinement
  • Continued prosumer interest

Technical Specifications Summary

Specification Details
Display Dual Mini LED LCD, 2880 × 2720 per eye
Total Resolution 5760 × 2720
Pixel Density 35 PPD (peak)
FOV 115° diagonal
Refresh Rate 90Hz
Eye Tracking Yes (200Hz)
Tracking SteamVR Lighthouse
Audio None (3.5mm jack)
Weight 717g (total)
Original Price $1,990
Reduced Price ~$990
Status Discontinued

See Also

References

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