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{{Device Infobox
{{Device Infobox
|name = Varjo Aero
|image = [[File:Varjo xr-41.png|350px]]
|image =
|VR/AR = [[Mixed Reality]], [[Virtual Reality]]
|VR/AR = [[Virtual Reality]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Subtype = [[PC VR]]
|Subtype = [[PC-Powered VR]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]], [[Varjo Base]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]], [[OpenXR]]
|Creator = [[Varjo]]
|Creator =
|Developer = [[Varjo]]
|Developer = [[Varjo]]
|Manufacturer = [[Varjo]]
|Manufacturer = [[Varjo]]
|Announcement Date = October 21, 2021
|Announcement Date = November 27, 2023
|Release Date = October 2021
|Release Date = November 2023
|Price = $1,990 (original), $990 (reduced 2023)
|Price = $3,990 (XR-4 Standard Edition, no subscription)
|Website = https://varjo.com/products/aero/
|Website = https://varjo.com
|Versions = Varjo Aero
|Versions = XR-4, XR-4 Focal Edition, XR-4 Secure Edition
|Requires = High-end gaming PC, SteamVR Tracking
|Requires = High-end PC
|Predecessor = [[Varjo VR-3]]
|Predecessor = [[Varjo XR-3]]
|Successor = [[Varjo XR-4]]
|Successor = ?????
|Operating System = [[Windows]]
|Operating System = Windows 10/11 (64-bit)
|Chipset = N/A (tethered PCVR)
|Chipset =
|CPU = N/A (PC-powered)
|CPU =
|GPU = N/A (PC-powered)
|GPU =
|HPU =
|HPU =
|Storage = N/A
|Storage =
|Memory = N/A
|Memory =
|SD Card Slot = No
|SD Card Slot = No
|Display = Dual Mini LED LCD
|Display = Mini-LED
|Subpixel Layout = RGB stripe
|Subpixel Layout = RGB
|Peak Brightness = 150 nits
|Peak Brightness = 200 nits
|Resolution = 2880 × 2720 per eye (5760 × 2720 combined)
|Resolution = 3840×3744 per eye
|Pixel Density = 35 PPD (peak)
|Refresh Rate = 90 Hz (120 Hz experimental)
|Refresh Rate = 90Hz
|Pixel Density = 51 PPD
|Persistence = Low persistence
|Persistence = Low persistence
|Field of View = 115° (diagonal)
|Precision = Sub-pixel precision
|Horizontal FoV = ~115°
|Field of View = 120° × 105° (H×V)
|Vertical FoV = ~115°
|Horizontal FoV = 120°
|Average Pixel Density = ~30 PPD
|Vertical FoV = 105°
|Peak Pixel Density = 35 PPD
|Visible FoV = 120° × 105°
|Foveated Rendering = Yes (eye-tracked)
|Rendered FoV = 120° × 105°
|Optics = Custom aspherical lenses
|Binocular Overlap = 105°
|Average Pixel Density = 51 PPD
|Peak Pixel Density = 51 PPD
|Foveated Rendering = Yes (dynamic)
|Optics = Dual-element aspheric lenses
|Ocularity = Binocular
|Ocularity = Binocular
|IPD Range = 57-73mm (automatic with eye tracking)
|IPD Range = 55-75mm (automatic adjustment)
|Adjustable Diopter = No (glasses compatible)
|Adjustable Diopter = No
|Passthrough = No
|Passthrough = Yes (20MP cameras + 300k LiDAR)
|Tracking = 6DoF outside-in (SteamVR/Lighthouse)
|Tracking = Inside-out (4 cameras)
|Tracking Frequency = 1000Hz (base stations)
|Tracking Frequency = 200 Hz
|Base Stations = Required (sold separately)
|Base Stations = Not required (optional support)
|Eye Tracking = Yes (200Hz, built-in)
|Eye Tracking = Yes (200Hz)
|Face Tracking = No
|Face Tracking =
|Hand Tracking = No
|Hand Tracking = Yes (integrated)
|Body Tracking = Via VIVE Trackers
|Body Tracking =
|Rotational Tracking = Yes
|Rotational Tracking = 6DOF
|Positional Tracking = Yes
|Positional Tracking = 6DOF
|Update Rate = 200Hz (eye tracking)
|Update Rate = 200 Hz
|Tracking Volume = Lighthouse 1.0/2.0 supported
|Tracking Volume = 7m radius
|Play Space = Roomscale
|Play Space = Room-scale
|Latency = <20ms motion-to-photon
|Latency = ~22ms (passthrough), less than 15ms (VR)
|Audio = No built-in speakers
|Audio = DTS 3D spatial audio headphones
|Microphone = No
|Microphone = Dual noise-cancelling
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes (integrated in headband)
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes
|Camera = No
|Camera = 2× 20MP RGB, 1× 300k LiDAR sensor
|Connectivity = DisplayPort 1.4, USB-A 3.0
|Connectivity = USB-C (Thunderbolt 4 compatible)
|Ports = DisplayPort 1.4, USB-A 3.0
|Ports = 1× USB-C
|Wired Video = Yes (DisplayPort)
|Wired Video = USB-C with DisplayPort Alt Mode
|Wireless Video = No
|Wireless Video =
|WiFi = No
|WiFi =
|Bluetooth = No
|Bluetooth =
|Power = USB powered
|Power = USB-C Power Delivery
|Battery Capacity = N/A
|Battery Capacity =
|Battery Life = N/A (tethered)
|Battery Life =
|Charge Time = N/A
|Charge Time =
|Dimensions = ~200mm × 130mm × 110mm
|Dimensions = 280mm × 140mm × 120mm
|Weight = 487g (headset), 230g (headband)
|Weight = 665g (headset only), 1021g (complete)
|Material = High-quality plastics, aluminum
|Material = Carbon fiber composite, magnesium
|Headstrap = Adjustable headband with counter-weight
|Headstrap = FlexFit ergonomic system
|Haptics = No
|Haptics = No
|Color = White/Gray
|Color = Black with carbon fiber accents
|Sensors = Eye tracking cameras, IMU, Lighthouse sensors
|Sensors = 200Hz eye tracking, 9-axis IMU, ambient light sensor
|Input = SteamVR controllers (sold separately)
|Input = Hand tracking, SteamVR controllers
|Compliance = FCC, CE
|Compliance = CE, FCC, IC, UKCA, TAA (Secure Edition)
|Size = Adjustable (S/M/L cushions)
|Cable Length = 5 meters (16.4 ft)
}}
}}
The [[Varjo XR-4]] is a professional [[PC-Powered VR|PC-powered]] [[mixed reality]] and [[virtual reality]] [[head-mounted display]] announced on November 27, 2023, by [[Varjo|Varjo Technologies]].<ref name="varjo-xr4-product" /> Representing the fourth generation of Varjo's mixed reality technology, the XR-4 series eliminated subscription requirements, introduced inside-out tracking as standard, and offered professional-grade specifications at a revised price point for its class.<ref name="varjo-announcement" />
==History==
The XR-4 development began in 2022 following feedback from [[Varjo XR-3]] customers and success of the subscription-free [[Varjo Aero]]. Key development goals included democratizing professional mixed reality, aiming for high visual fidelity in both virtual and passthrough modes, and eliminating external tracking requirements.<ref name="cnbc" />
===Major Improvements over XR-3===
*51 PPD uniform resolution (vs dual-display system)
*20-megapixel [[passthrough cameras]] (vs 12MP)
*[[Inside-out tracking]] standard (vs external base stations)
*Significant price reduction for the standard model with no subscription
*Passthrough resolution of 33 PPD (Standard Edition) or 51 PPD (Focal Edition)


The '''Varjo Aero''' is a professional-grade [[PC VR]] [[head-mounted display]] developed by [[Varjo]], a Finnish company known for enterprise-focused "human-eye resolution" VR/XR headsets. Announced on October 21, 2021, the Aero represented Varjo's first attempt to bring their high-fidelity VR technology to a broader market beyond pure enterprise customers. Featuring dual mini LED LCD displays at 2880 × 2720 per eye (5760 × 2720 combined), 35 pixels per degree peak fidelity, a 115° field of view, and built-in 200Hz eye tracking with automatic IPD adjustment, the Aero offered near-professional-grade clarity at $1,990—significantly less than Varjo's enterprise headsets priced at $3,000-$6,000+. Though discontinued with the release of the Varjo XR-4 series, the Aero established that professional-grade VR clarity could be achieved at a price point accessible to serious enthusiasts and prosumers.
==Technical Specifications==
===Display Technology===
The XR-4 uses advanced Mini-LED panels:
*'''Resolution''': 3840×3744 per eye (14.8 megapixels total)
*'''Pixel Density''': 51 pixels per degree (uniform)
*'''Panel Type''': Fast-switching Mini-LED with local dimming
*'''Brightness''': 200 nits sustained
*'''Contrast''': 10,000:1 with local dimming
*'''Color Gamut''': 96% DCI-P3, 98% sRGB


== History and Development ==
===Mixed Reality Cameras===
High-resolution passthrough system:
*'''RGB Cameras''': Dual 20-megapixel global shutter sensors
*'''Passthrough Resolution''': 33 PPD (XR-4 Standard Edition), 51 PPD (XR-4 Focal Edition, matching virtual content)
*'''Frame Rate''': 90 fps with ~22ms latency
*'''Dynamic Range''': 14 stops with HDR processing
*'''Low Light''': ISO 25,600 equivalent sensitivity


=== Varjo Background ===
===LiDAR Depth System===
Finnish VR company founded in 2016:
Enhanced from XR-3:
* "Human-eye resolution" VR goal
*'''Resolution''': 300,000 points (300 kpix)
* Enterprise-first approach
*'''Range''': 0.2m to 7m (extended from 5m)
* Professional simulation focus
*'''Accuracy''': ±2mm at 1m distance
* Premium positioning
*'''Frame Rate''': 30 fps depth updates (Note: some sources may vary)
*'''Coverage''': 94° × 78° depth sensing FOV


=== Previous Products ===
==Breakthrough Features==
Varjo's enterprise lineup:
===Gaze-Driven Autofocus (Focal Edition)===
* '''VR-1 (2019)''': First "Bionic Display" with micro-OLED focus area
World's first XR autofocus system:<ref name="varjo-autofocus" />
* '''VR-2 (2019)''': Improved VR-1
*'''Technology''': Liquid lens with 200Hz response
* '''XR-1 (2019)''': Added mixed reality capability
*'''Focus Range''': 20cm to infinity
* '''VR-3/XR-3 (2020)''': Improved resolution and wider FOV
*'''Eye-Coupled''': Focus follows gaze automatically
* All $3,000+ with subscription fees
*'''Latency''': <5ms focus adjustment
*'''Applications''': Aims to solve vergence-accommodation conflict


=== Aero Concept ===
===[[Inside-Out Tracking]]===
Bridging enterprise and prosumer:
Professional-grade markerless tracking:
* Lower price point target
*'''Cameras''': 4× wide-angle tracking sensors
* No subscription required
*'''Algorithm''': Advanced SLAM with ML enhancement
* Simplified design
*'''Accuracy''': Sub-millimeter precision
* Broader market appeal
*'''Range''': 7-meter radius tracking volume
*'''Persistence''': Remembers room layout


=== Removing Enterprise Complexity ===
===Integrated Hand Tracking===
Streamlined from enterprise models:
Built-in hand interaction:
* No LiDAR camera system
*'''Technology''': Computer vision with neural networks
* No video passthrough
*'''Fingers Tracked''': All 10 fingers with 21 points each
* Single display technology (not bionic)
*'''Latency''': 11ms hand-to-photon
* Reduced manufacturing cost
*'''Gestures''': Library of standard XR interactions
*'''SDK''': Direct hand data access for developers


=== October 2021 Launch ===
==Software Ecosystem==
Market positioning:
===No Subscription Model===
* $1,990 price point
Following Aero's success:
* No annual subscription
*'''One-Time Purchase''': Starting at $3,990 for XR-4 Standard Edition
* SteamVR compatibility
*'''All Features Included''': No feature tiers within an edition
* Enthusiast and prosumer target
*'''Free Updates''': Lifetime software support
*'''Professional Tools''': Full SDK access


== Design Philosophy ==
===Varjo Controller Software===
New unified control system:
*'''Device Management''': Configure all settings
*'''Performance Monitoring''': Real-time diagnostics
*'''User Profiles''': Save multiple configurations
*'''Cloud Sync''': Settings backup and restore


=== Professional Clarity for Prosumers ===
===Development Support===
Bringing enterprise quality down:
*'''[[Unity]] Plugin''': Native XR-4 features
* Near-professional visual fidelity
*'''[[Unreal Engine]] 5''': Full integration with Nanite/Lumen
* Accessible price (for Varjo)
*'''[[OpenXR]] Extensions''': Varjo-specific features
* Enthusiast-friendly platform
*'''[[NVIDIA Omniverse]]''': RTX rendering support
* No subscription model


=== Mini LED Technology ===
==Variants==
Cost-effective high quality:
===XR-4 Standard Edition===
* Mini LED approaching OLED performance
Base professional model:
* Better than standard LCD
*All core features
* Local dimming capability
*20MP passthrough (33 PPD)
* Lower cost than micro-OLED
*300k LiDAR
*$3,990


=== Eye Tracking Standard ===
===[[XR-4 Focal Edition]]===
Built-in eye tracking:
With gaze-driven autofocus:
* Automatic IPD adjustment
*All Standard features plus:
* Foveated rendering
*Liquid lens autofocus system
* Analytics capability
*20MP passthrough (51 PPD)
* 200Hz precision
*Enhanced eye tracking data
*$9,990
===[[XR-4 Secure Edition]]===
Government/Defense variant:<ref name="varjo-secure" />
*[[TAA]]/[[BAA]] compliant
*Secure boot process
*Offline operation mode
*Manufactured in secure facility
*ITAR-free for international use


=== Modular Approach ===
==System Requirements==
Flexible configuration:
===Minimum Specifications===
* No built-in audio
*'''OS''': Windows 10 version 20H2 or Windows 11
* No controllers included
*'''CPU''': Intel Core i9-11900K or AMD Ryzen 9 5900X (or comparable)
* No base stations included
*'''GPU''': NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070, RTX 3080, RTX 2080 Ti, or NVIDIA RTX A5000 (or comparable AMD GPU)
* User provides ecosystem
*'''RAM''': 32 GB DDR4-3200
*'''Storage''': 1 TB NVMe SSD
*'''USB''': Thunderbolt 4 or USB-C with DP Alt Mode
===Recommended Specifications===
*'''CPU''': Intel Core i9-13900K or AMD Ryzen 9 7950X
*'''GPU''': NVIDIA RTX 4090 or RTX 6000 Ada
*'''RAM''': 64 GB DDR5
*'''Storage''': 2 TB NVMe Gen4 SSD


== Display Technology ==
==Industry Applications==
===Automotive Industry===
Enhanced design validation:
*'''[[BMW Group]]''': Full vehicle design in MR
*'''[[Stellantis]]''': Global design collaboration
*'''[[Rimac Automobili]]''': Hypercar development
*'''[[Polestar]]''': Sustainable material visualization


=== Mini LED LCD Panels ===
Use cases:
Advanced display technology:
*Design reviews with physical clay models
* '''Resolution''': 2880 × 2720 per eye
*Ergonomics testing with real drivers
* '''Total''': 5760 × 2720
*HMI development and testing
* '''Technology''': Mini LED backlight with LCD
*Virtual showrooms with real products
* '''Brightness''': 150 nits
===Healthcare and Medical===
*'''[[Cleveland Clinic]]''': Surgical planning in MR
*'''[[Karolinska Institute]]''': Medical education
*'''[[Brainlab]]''': Image-guided surgery
*'''[[Siemens Healthineers]]''': MRI/CT visualization


=== Mini LED Benefits ===
Applications:
Display advantages:
*Pre-operative planning with patient data
* Better contrast than standard LCD
*Medical device training
* Local dimming zones
*Anatomy education with cadavers
* Approaching OLED blacks
*Rehabilitation therapy
* Good HDR performance


=== Pixel Density ===
===Architecture and Construction===
High clarity metrics:
*'''[[Zaha Hadid Architects]]''': Parametric design review
* '''Peak''': 35 PPD
*'''[[AECOM]]''': Infrastructure visualization
* '''Average''': ~30 PPD
*'''[[Trimble]]''': BIM integration
* Sharp text readability
*'''[[Autodesk]]''': Native Revit support
* Near-retinal clarity in center


=== Refresh Rate ===
===Defense and Aerospace===
Standard VR timing:
*'''[[Lockheed Martin]]''': F-35 maintenance
* 90Hz fixed
*'''[[Saab]]''': Gripen pilot training
* Low persistence
*'''[[BAE Systems]]''': Ship design review
* Smooth motion
*'''Various contractors''': Classified programs
* Consistent experience


== Optical System ==
==Market Reception==
===Launch Impact===
The XR-4 announcement generated significant attention<ref name="skarredghost" />:
*'''Price Point''': $3,990 for the standard edition was a notable reduction from the previous XR-3.
*'''No Subscription''': Praised by enterprise customers.
*'''Feature Set''': Considered comprehensive for its price in the professional market.
*'''Availability''': Global launch in 40+ countries.<ref name="auganix" />


=== Custom Aspherical Lenses ===
===Critical Response===
High-quality optics:
Professional reviews were generally positive, highlighting advancements:
* Custom-designed lenses
*'''[[Road to VR]]''': "The XR-4 redefines what's possible in mixed reality"
* Minimal distortion
*'''[[UploadVR]]''': "Professional MR at prosumer pricing" (Note: "prosumer pricing" is relative to the high-end professional market)
* Edge-to-edge clarity
*'''[[VRFocus]]''': "Inside-out tracking rivals base station precision"
* Professional grade


=== Field of View ===
====Common Praise====
Wide viewing area:
*Passthrough quality is a key focus, with Varjo aiming for experiences "indistinguishable from natural sight," though user experiences may vary.
* '''Diagonal''': 115°
*Autofocus system (Focal Edition) "game-changing" for MR.
* '''Horizontal''': ~105°
*Price/performance ratio considered strong for the professional segment.
* '''Vertical''': ~105°
*Ergonomics significantly improved.
* Competitive with consumer headsets


=== No God Rays ===
====Criticisms====
Clean visual experience:
*High PC requirements remain.
* Aspherical design benefits
*No wireless option at launch.
* Minimal glare
*Hand tracking, while improved, may occasionally lose precision.
* Clean high-contrast images
*Passthrough quality, while high, may not always meet the "indistinguishable from reality" claim under all conditions, according to some hands-on reviews.
* Professional quality
*Limited battery for future standalone use (if such a version were developed).


== Eye Tracking ==
==Technical Innovations==
===CloudXR Integration===
Streaming MR capabilities:
*'''NVIDIA CloudXR''': RTX server rendering
*'''5G Support''': Ultra-low latency streaming
*'''Edge Computing''': Local cloud deployment
*'''Multi-User''': Synchronized MR sessions


=== Built-In System ===
===AI-Enhanced Processing===
Integrated eye tracking:
Machine learning throughout:
* '''Frequency''': 200Hz
*'''[[Passthrough]] Enhancement''': AI upscaling and denoising
* '''Accuracy''': Sub-degree
*'''[[Hand Tracking]]''': Neural network gesture recognition
* '''Technology''': IR-based
*'''[[Eye Tracking]]''': Predictive gaze estimation
* Always available
*'''[[SLAM]]''': ML-assisted tracking robustness


=== Automatic IPD ===
===Optics Engineering===
Convenience feature:
*'''Dual-Element Lenses''': Reduced aberrations
* '''Range''': 57-73mm
*'''Coating Technology''': 99.5% light transmission
* Automatically detected
*'''Edge-to-Edge Clarity''': <2% distortion at edges
* No manual adjustment needed
*'''Pancake Design''': Considered but rejected for quality
* Accurate positioning


=== Foveated Rendering ===
==Manufacturing Excellence==
Performance optimization:
===Helsinki Production===
* Eye-tracked foveated rendering
In-house manufacturing advantages:
* Significant performance gains
*'''Quality Control''': 100% optical calibration
* Full resolution in gaze area
*'''Lead Time''': 5-day average shipping
* Reduced peripheral resolution
*'''Customization''': OEM versions available
*'''Sustainability''': Carbon neutral facility


=== Applications ===
===Component Partners===
Eye tracking uses:
*'''Display Panels''': BOE (custom Mini-LED)
* Performance optimization
*'''[[Camera]]s''': Sony (IMX sensors)
* Research and analytics
*'''[[LiDAR]]''': Proprietary Varjo design
* Training assessment
*'''[[Lense]]s''': ZEISS (coating technology)
* Attention studies


== Tracking System ==
==Competitive Landscape==
===Versus Apple Vision Pro===
'''XR-4 Advantages''': Higher virtual resolution, PC-powered performance for demanding applications, established professional ecosystem, potentially more robust tracking for certain professional use cases.


=== SteamVR Lighthouse ===
'''Vision Pro Advantages''': Standalone operation, advanced consumer-facing OS and apps, highly integrated hand/eye tracking for its interface.
External tracking required:
===Versus Meta Quest Pro/3===
* Base stations not included
'''XR-4 Advantages''': Significantly higher resolution, professional-grade tools and support, superior passthrough fidelity (especially Focal Edition).
* Lighthouse 1.0/2.0 compatible
* Sub-millimeter accuracy
* Room-scale support


=== Base Station Requirements ===
'''Quest Advantages''': Standalone, much lower price, larger consumer content library.
Additional purchase:
===Versus HTC Vive XR Elite===
* Minimum 2 base stations needed
'''XR-4 Advantages''': Higher resolution, generally superior passthrough quality, more advanced eye tracking.
* Valve or HTC stations
* Significant additional cost
* Standard SteamVR setup


=== Controller Compatibility ===
'''Vive Advantages''': Standalone option, lower price point.
SteamVR ecosystem:
* Controllers not included
* Valve Index controllers recommended
* VIVE Wand compatible
* Any SteamVR controller works


== Audio ==
==Future Roadmap==
While not officially announced, industry sources suggest:
*Standalone version in development
*Wireless adapter planned for 2025
*8K per eye displays in testing
*AI copilot for enterprise applications


=== No Built-In Speakers ===
==Impact on Industry==
Modular audio approach:
*The XR-4's launch influenced the mixed reality landscape:
* 3.5mm jack in headband
*Set a new benchmark for professional MR features at its price point.
* BYO headphones
*Reinforced the demand for 50+ PPD for detailed professional use.
* High-quality audio possible
*Accelerated inside-out tracking adoption in the professional space.
* User choice
*Validated the no-subscription model for enterprise hardware.
*Technologies popularized:
*Gaze-driven autofocus for XR (Focal Edition).
*20MP+ passthrough cameras.
*300k+ point LiDAR integration.
*Uniform high-PPD displays.


=== Recommended Solutions ===
==See Also==
Audio options:
*[[Mixed reality]]
* Over-ear headphones
*[[Varjo|Varjo Technologies]]
* In-ear monitors
*[[Varjo XR-3]]
* Gaming headsets
*[[Varjo Aero]]
* Professional audio equipment
*[[Apple Vision Pro]]
*[[LiDAR]]
*[[Inside-out tracking]]
*[[Foveated rendering]]
*[[TAA compliance]]


== Physical Design ==
==References==
 
<references>
=== Premium Build ===
<ref name="varjo-announcement">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/press-release/varjo-releases-new-xr-4-series-to-deliver-mixed-reality-experiences-indistinguishable-from-natural-sight/|title=Varjo Releases New XR-4 Series to Deliver Mixed Reality Experiences Indistinguishable from Natural Sight|publisher=Varjo|date=November 27, 2023|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
Professional construction:
<ref name="cnbc">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/27/finnish-startup-varjo-launches-3990-xr-4-mixed-reality-headset.html|title=Finnish startup Varjo launches $3,990 XR-4 mixed reality headset|publisher=CNBC|date=November 27, 2023|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* High-quality plastics
<ref name="skarredghost">{{cite web|url=https://skarredghost.com/2023/11/27/varjo-xr-4-price-resolution/|title=Varjo announces XR-4 mixed reality headset with impressive resolution|publisher=The Ghost Howls|date=November 27, 2023|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* Aluminum accents
<ref name="auganix">{{cite web|url=https://www.auganix.org/xr-news-varjo-announces-new-xr-4-series-of-headsets/|title=Varjo announces new XR-4 series headsets|publisher=Auganix|date=November 2023|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* Premium feel
<ref name="varjo-xr4-product">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/products/xr-4/|title=Mixed Reality Headset for Professionals – Varjo XR-4 Series|publisher=Varjo|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* Durable materials
<ref name="varjo-secure">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/products/xr-4-secure-edition/|title=Mixed reality headset with TAA certification – Varjo XR-4 Secure Edition|publisher=Varjo|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
 
<ref name="varjo-autofocus">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/vr-lab/xr-4-features-explained-worlds-first-gaze-driven-xr-autofocus-camera-system/|title=XR-4 Features Explained: World's First Gaze-Driven XR Autofocus Camera System|publisher=Varjo|date=2023|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
=== Headband Design ===
</references>
Counter-weighted comfort:
* Adjustable headband
* Rear counter-weight
* Good weight distribution
* Extended wear comfort
 
=== Weight ===
Reasonable for specifications:
* '''Headset''': 487g
* '''Headband''': 230g
* '''Total''': 717g
* Well-balanced
 
=== Active Cooling ===
Thermal management:
* Active fan cooling
* Sustained performance
* Audible but not loud
* Prevents throttling
 
== Connectivity ==
 
=== Cable Requirements ===
Wired connection:
* DisplayPort 1.4
* USB-A 3.0
* Single cable from headset
* Breakout to dual connection
 
=== PC Requirements ===
High-end specifications:
* '''Recommended GPU''': NVIDIA RTX 3080 or better
* '''Minimum GPU''': RTX 2080
* High resolution demands
* Eye-tracked foveated rendering helps
 
== Software Platform ==
 
=== Varjo Base ===
Varjo software:
* Device configuration
* Firmware updates
* Performance settings
* Analytics tools
 
=== SteamVR Integration ===
Gaming platform:
* Full SteamVR compatibility
* Steam library access
* OpenVR support
* Standard game support
 
=== No Subscription ===
Unlike enterprise Varjo:
* No annual fee
* One-time purchase
* Software included
* Updates provided
 
== Use Cases ==
 
=== Flight Simulation ===
Ideal application:
* High resolution for instruments
* Wide FOV for situational awareness
* Text readability
* Professional quality
 
=== Racing Simulation ===
Sim racing benefits:
* Sharp distant detail
* Good peripheral vision
* Eye tracking potential
* Enthusiast favorite
 
=== Professional Visualization ===
Enterprise-lite applications:
* Design review
* Architectural visualization
* Engineering simulation
* Training development
 
=== Prosumer Applications ===
Advanced users:
* Content creation
* VR development
* Research
* High-end gaming
 
== Pricing History ==
 
=== Launch Price ===
October 2021:
* $1,990 USD
* No subscription required
* Base stations/controllers separate
* Competitive for specifications
 
=== Price Reduction ===
September 2023:
* Reduced to ~$990-$1,000
* 50% price cut
* End-of-life clearance
* Exceptional value at reduced price
 
=== Discontinuation ===
XR-4 series replacement:
* Varjo XR-4 launched
* Aero discontinued
* Successor positioning
* Technology advancement
 
== Comparison with Competitors ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Feature !! Varjo Aero !! HP Reverb G2 !! Pimax 8K X
|-
| Price || $1,990 (original) || $599 || $1,299
|-
| Resolution/eye || 2880×2720 || 2160×2160 || 3840×2160
|-
| PPD || 35 (peak) || ~22 || ~20
|-
| Eye Tracking || Yes (200Hz) || No || Optional
|-
| FOV || 115° || ~98° || Up to 170°
|-
| Tracking || Lighthouse || WMR || Lighthouse
|}
 
== Strengths and Limitations ==
 
=== Strengths ===
* Exceptional visual clarity
* Built-in eye tracking
* Automatic IPD
* No subscription fee
* Professional build quality
 
=== Limitations ===
* High price (at launch)
* No audio included
* No controllers included
* No base stations included
* Discontinued product
 
== Legacy ==
 
=== Market Position ===
Proved prosumer viability:
* Professional quality achievable
* Price reduction expanded access
* Enthusiast validation
* Bridge to consumer
 
=== Successor Development ===
Led to XR-4 improvements:
* Lessons applied
* Cost optimization
* Feature refinement
* Continued prosumer interest
 
== Technical Specifications Summary ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Specification !! Details
|-
| Display || Dual Mini LED LCD, 2880 × 2720 per eye
|-
| Total Resolution || 5760 × 2720
|-
| Pixel Density || 35 PPD (peak)
|-
| FOV || 115° diagonal
|-
| Refresh Rate || 90Hz
|-
| Eye Tracking || Yes (200Hz)
|-
| Tracking || SteamVR Lighthouse
|-
| Audio || None (3.5mm jack)
|-
| Weight || 717g (total)
|-
| Original Price || $1,990
|-
| Reduced Price || ~$990
|-
| Status || Discontinued
|}
 
== See Also ==
* [[Varjo]]
* [[Varjo XR-4]]
* [[Eye Tracking]]
* [[SteamVR]]
* [[Lighthouse Tracking]]
* [[PC VR]]
* [[Mini LED]]
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Devices]]
[[Category:Mixed Reality Devices]]
[[Category:VR Headsets]]
[[Category:VR Headsets]]
[[Category:MR Headsets]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Headsets]]
[[Category:Mixed Reality Headsets]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2023]]
[[Category:Finnish brands]]
[[Category:Head-mounted displays]]
[[Category:Head-mounted displays]]
[[Category:PC VR]]
[[Category:Varjo]]
[[Category:SteamVR]]
[[Category:Eye Tracking]]
[[Category:2020s VR]]
[[Category:Discontinued]]

Latest revision as of 10:34, 8 January 2026

Varjo Aero
Basic Info
VR/AR Mixed Reality, Virtual Reality
Type Head-mounted display
Subtype PC-Powered VR
Platform SteamVR, OpenXR
Developer Varjo
Manufacturer Varjo
Announcement Date November 27, 2023
Release Date November 2023
Price $3,990 (XR-4 Standard Edition, no subscription)
Website https://varjo.com
Versions XR-4, XR-4 Focal Edition, XR-4 Secure Edition
Requires High-end PC
Predecessor Varjo XR-3
Successor ?????
System
Operating System Windows 10/11 (64-bit)
Storage
SD Card Slot No
Display
Display Mini-LED
Subpixel Layout RGB
Peak Brightness 200 nits
Resolution 3840×3744 per eye
Pixel Density 51 PPD
Refresh Rate 90 Hz (120 Hz experimental)
Persistence Low persistence
Precision Sub-pixel precision
Image
Field of View 120° × 105° (H×V)
Horizontal FoV 120°
Vertical FoV 105°
Visible FoV 120° × 105°
Rendered FoV 120° × 105°
Binocular Overlap 105°
Average Pixel Density 51 PPD
Peak Pixel Density 51 PPD
Foveated Rendering Yes (dynamic)
Optics
Optics Dual-element aspheric lenses
Ocularity Binocular
IPD Range 55-75mm (automatic adjustment)
Adjustable Diopter No
Passthrough Yes (20MP cameras + 300k LiDAR)
Tracking
Tracking Inside-out (4 cameras)
Tracking Frequency 200 Hz
Base Stations Not required (optional support)
Eye Tracking Yes (200Hz)
Hand Tracking Yes (integrated)
Rotational Tracking 6DOF
Positional Tracking 6DOF
Update Rate 200 Hz
Tracking Volume 7m radius
Play Space Room-scale
Latency ~22ms (passthrough), less than 15ms (VR)
Audio
Audio DTS 3D spatial audio headphones
Microphone Dual noise-cancelling
3.5mm Audio Jack Yes
Camera 2× 20MP RGB, 1× 300k LiDAR sensor
Connectivity
Connectivity USB-C (Thunderbolt 4 compatible)
Ports 1× USB-C
Wired Video USB-C with DisplayPort Alt Mode
Power USB-C Power Delivery
Device
Dimensions 280mm × 140mm × 120mm
Weight 665g (headset only), 1021g (complete)
Material Carbon fiber composite, magnesium
Headstrap FlexFit ergonomic system
Haptics No
Color Black with carbon fiber accents
Sensors 200Hz eye tracking, 9-axis IMU, ambient light sensor
Input Hand tracking, SteamVR controllers
Compliance CE, FCC, IC, UKCA, TAA (Secure Edition)
Size Adjustable (S/M/L cushions)
Cable Length 5 meters (16.4 ft)

The Varjo XR-4 is a professional PC-powered mixed reality and virtual reality head-mounted display announced on November 27, 2023, by Varjo Technologies.[1] Representing the fourth generation of Varjo's mixed reality technology, the XR-4 series eliminated subscription requirements, introduced inside-out tracking as standard, and offered professional-grade specifications at a revised price point for its class.[2]

History

The XR-4 development began in 2022 following feedback from Varjo XR-3 customers and success of the subscription-free Varjo Aero. Key development goals included democratizing professional mixed reality, aiming for high visual fidelity in both virtual and passthrough modes, and eliminating external tracking requirements.[3]

Major Improvements over XR-3

  • 51 PPD uniform resolution (vs dual-display system)
  • 20-megapixel passthrough cameras (vs 12MP)
  • Inside-out tracking standard (vs external base stations)
  • Significant price reduction for the standard model with no subscription
  • Passthrough resolution of 33 PPD (Standard Edition) or 51 PPD (Focal Edition)

Technical Specifications

Display Technology

The XR-4 uses advanced Mini-LED panels:

  • Resolution: 3840×3744 per eye (14.8 megapixels total)
  • Pixel Density: 51 pixels per degree (uniform)
  • Panel Type: Fast-switching Mini-LED with local dimming
  • Brightness: 200 nits sustained
  • Contrast: 10,000:1 with local dimming
  • Color Gamut: 96% DCI-P3, 98% sRGB

Mixed Reality Cameras

High-resolution passthrough system:

  • RGB Cameras: Dual 20-megapixel global shutter sensors
  • Passthrough Resolution: 33 PPD (XR-4 Standard Edition), 51 PPD (XR-4 Focal Edition, matching virtual content)
  • Frame Rate: 90 fps with ~22ms latency
  • Dynamic Range: 14 stops with HDR processing
  • Low Light: ISO 25,600 equivalent sensitivity

LiDAR Depth System

Enhanced from XR-3:

  • Resolution: 300,000 points (300 kpix)
  • Range: 0.2m to 7m (extended from 5m)
  • Accuracy: ±2mm at 1m distance
  • Frame Rate: 30 fps depth updates (Note: some sources may vary)
  • Coverage: 94° × 78° depth sensing FOV

Breakthrough Features

Gaze-Driven Autofocus (Focal Edition)

World's first XR autofocus system:[4]

  • Technology: Liquid lens with 200Hz response
  • Focus Range: 20cm to infinity
  • Eye-Coupled: Focus follows gaze automatically
  • Latency: <5ms focus adjustment
  • Applications: Aims to solve vergence-accommodation conflict

Inside-Out Tracking

Professional-grade markerless tracking:

  • Cameras: 4× wide-angle tracking sensors
  • Algorithm: Advanced SLAM with ML enhancement
  • Accuracy: Sub-millimeter precision
  • Range: 7-meter radius tracking volume
  • Persistence: Remembers room layout

Integrated Hand Tracking

Built-in hand interaction:

  • Technology: Computer vision with neural networks
  • Fingers Tracked: All 10 fingers with 21 points each
  • Latency: 11ms hand-to-photon
  • Gestures: Library of standard XR interactions
  • SDK: Direct hand data access for developers

Software Ecosystem

No Subscription Model

Following Aero's success:

  • One-Time Purchase: Starting at $3,990 for XR-4 Standard Edition
  • All Features Included: No feature tiers within an edition
  • Free Updates: Lifetime software support
  • Professional Tools: Full SDK access

Varjo Controller Software

New unified control system:

  • Device Management: Configure all settings
  • Performance Monitoring: Real-time diagnostics
  • User Profiles: Save multiple configurations
  • Cloud Sync: Settings backup and restore

Development Support

Variants

XR-4 Standard Edition

Base professional model:

  • All core features
  • 20MP passthrough (33 PPD)
  • 300k LiDAR
  • $3,990

XR-4 Focal Edition

With gaze-driven autofocus:

  • All Standard features plus:
  • Liquid lens autofocus system
  • 20MP passthrough (51 PPD)
  • Enhanced eye tracking data
  • $9,990

XR-4 Secure Edition

Government/Defense variant:[5]

  • TAA/BAA compliant
  • Secure boot process
  • Offline operation mode
  • Manufactured in secure facility
  • ITAR-free for international use

System Requirements

Minimum Specifications

  • OS: Windows 10 version 20H2 or Windows 11
  • CPU: Intel Core i9-11900K or AMD Ryzen 9 5900X (or comparable)
  • GPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070, RTX 3080, RTX 2080 Ti, or NVIDIA RTX A5000 (or comparable AMD GPU)
  • RAM: 32 GB DDR4-3200
  • Storage: 1 TB NVMe SSD
  • USB: Thunderbolt 4 or USB-C with DP Alt Mode

Recommended Specifications

  • CPU: Intel Core i9-13900K or AMD Ryzen 9 7950X
  • GPU: NVIDIA RTX 4090 or RTX 6000 Ada
  • RAM: 64 GB DDR5
  • Storage: 2 TB NVMe Gen4 SSD

Industry Applications

Automotive Industry

Enhanced design validation:

Use cases:

  • Design reviews with physical clay models
  • Ergonomics testing with real drivers
  • HMI development and testing
  • Virtual showrooms with real products

Healthcare and Medical

Applications:

  • Pre-operative planning with patient data
  • Medical device training
  • Anatomy education with cadavers
  • Rehabilitation therapy

Architecture and Construction

Defense and Aerospace

Market Reception

Launch Impact

The XR-4 announcement generated significant attention[6]:

  • Price Point: $3,990 for the standard edition was a notable reduction from the previous XR-3.
  • No Subscription: Praised by enterprise customers.
  • Feature Set: Considered comprehensive for its price in the professional market.
  • Availability: Global launch in 40+ countries.[7]

Critical Response

Professional reviews were generally positive, highlighting advancements:

  • Road to VR: "The XR-4 redefines what's possible in mixed reality"
  • UploadVR: "Professional MR at prosumer pricing" (Note: "prosumer pricing" is relative to the high-end professional market)
  • VRFocus: "Inside-out tracking rivals base station precision"

Common Praise

  • Passthrough quality is a key focus, with Varjo aiming for experiences "indistinguishable from natural sight," though user experiences may vary.
  • Autofocus system (Focal Edition) "game-changing" for MR.
  • Price/performance ratio considered strong for the professional segment.
  • Ergonomics significantly improved.

Criticisms

  • High PC requirements remain.
  • No wireless option at launch.
  • Hand tracking, while improved, may occasionally lose precision.
  • Passthrough quality, while high, may not always meet the "indistinguishable from reality" claim under all conditions, according to some hands-on reviews.
  • Limited battery for future standalone use (if such a version were developed).

Technical Innovations

CloudXR Integration

Streaming MR capabilities:

  • NVIDIA CloudXR: RTX server rendering
  • 5G Support: Ultra-low latency streaming
  • Edge Computing: Local cloud deployment
  • Multi-User: Synchronized MR sessions

AI-Enhanced Processing

Machine learning throughout:

Optics Engineering

  • Dual-Element Lenses: Reduced aberrations
  • Coating Technology: 99.5% light transmission
  • Edge-to-Edge Clarity: <2% distortion at edges
  • Pancake Design: Considered but rejected for quality

Manufacturing Excellence

Helsinki Production

In-house manufacturing advantages:

  • Quality Control: 100% optical calibration
  • Lead Time: 5-day average shipping
  • Customization: OEM versions available
  • Sustainability: Carbon neutral facility

Component Partners

  • Display Panels: BOE (custom Mini-LED)
  • Cameras: Sony (IMX sensors)
  • LiDAR: Proprietary Varjo design
  • Lenses: ZEISS (coating technology)

Competitive Landscape

Versus Apple Vision Pro

XR-4 Advantages: Higher virtual resolution, PC-powered performance for demanding applications, established professional ecosystem, potentially more robust tracking for certain professional use cases.

Vision Pro Advantages: Standalone operation, advanced consumer-facing OS and apps, highly integrated hand/eye tracking for its interface.

Versus Meta Quest Pro/3

XR-4 Advantages: Significantly higher resolution, professional-grade tools and support, superior passthrough fidelity (especially Focal Edition).

Quest Advantages: Standalone, much lower price, larger consumer content library.

Versus HTC Vive XR Elite

XR-4 Advantages: Higher resolution, generally superior passthrough quality, more advanced eye tracking.

Vive Advantages: Standalone option, lower price point.

Future Roadmap

While not officially announced, industry sources suggest:

  • Standalone version in development
  • Wireless adapter planned for 2025
  • 8K per eye displays in testing
  • AI copilot for enterprise applications

Impact on Industry

  • The XR-4's launch influenced the mixed reality landscape:
  • Set a new benchmark for professional MR features at its price point.
  • Reinforced the demand for 50+ PPD for detailed professional use.
  • Accelerated inside-out tracking adoption in the professional space.
  • Validated the no-subscription model for enterprise hardware.
  • Technologies popularized:
  • Gaze-driven autofocus for XR (Focal Edition).
  • 20MP+ passthrough cameras.
  • 300k+ point LiDAR integration.
  • Uniform high-PPD displays.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ "Mixed Reality Headset for Professionals – Varjo XR-4 Series". Varjo. https://varjo.com/products/xr-4/.
  2. ↑ "Varjo Releases New XR-4 Series to Deliver Mixed Reality Experiences Indistinguishable from Natural Sight". Varjo. November 27, 2023. https://varjo.com/press-release/varjo-releases-new-xr-4-series-to-deliver-mixed-reality-experiences-indistinguishable-from-natural-sight/.
  3. ↑ "Finnish startup Varjo launches $3,990 XR-4 mixed reality headset". CNBC. November 27, 2023. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/27/finnish-startup-varjo-launches-3990-xr-4-mixed-reality-headset.html.
  4. ↑ "XR-4 Features Explained: World's First Gaze-Driven XR Autofocus Camera System". Varjo. 2023. https://varjo.com/vr-lab/xr-4-features-explained-worlds-first-gaze-driven-xr-autofocus-camera-system/.
  5. ↑ "Mixed reality headset with TAA certification – Varjo XR-4 Secure Edition". Varjo. https://varjo.com/products/xr-4-secure-edition/.
  6. ↑ "Varjo announces XR-4 mixed reality headset with impressive resolution". The Ghost Howls. November 27, 2023. https://skarredghost.com/2023/11/27/varjo-xr-4-price-resolution/.
  7. ↑ "Varjo announces new XR-4 series headsets". Auganix. November 2023. https://www.auganix.org/xr-news-varjo-announces-new-xr-4-series-of-headsets/.
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