Z800 3DVisor
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| Z800 3DVisor | |
|---|---|
| |
| Basic Info | |
| VR/AR | Virtual reality |
| Type | Head-mounted display |
| Subtype | PC VR |
| Platform | PC |
| Developer | eMagin |
| Manufacturer | eMagin |
| Announcement Date | January 2005 (CES 2005) |
| Release Date | Mid-2005 (first shipments); discontinued in 2014 |
| Price | US$899 (introductory price); US$549 (from May 2006) |
| Website | https://emagin.com |
| Requires | PC with a VGA (analog SVGA 800 x 600, 60 Hz) output and a USB port; Windows XP or Windows Vista |
| Display | |
| Display | Two 0.59-inch SVGA-3D OLED microdisplays |
| Resolution | 800 x 600 per display |
| Refresh Rate | 60 Hz input; 30 Hz per eye in frame-sequential stereo mode |
| Image | |
| Field of View | About 40 degrees diagonal |
| Optics | |
| Optics | Molded plastic prism lenses |
| Ocularity | Binocular |
| IPD Range | Adjustable |
| Tracking | |
| Tracking | Built-in head tracker (360 degrees horizontal, more than 60 degrees vertical) |
| Audio | |
| Audio | Stereo earbuds |
| Microphone | Built-in noise-canceling microphone |
| Connectivity | |
| Connectivity | VGA (PC D-Sub, analog RGB) video input; USB |
| Power | USB or 5 V DC regulated; less than 1.25 W typical |
| Device | |
| Dimensions | Controller: 6.1 x 3.45 x 1.15 in |
| Weight | Less than 8 oz (227 g) (display set) |
| Sensors | MEMS gyroscopes and accelerometers; compasses |
| Input | Head tracking (mouse emulation) |
The Z800 3DVisor (model name eMagin Z800 3DVisor) is a head-mounted display from eMagin. eMagin first shipped it in 2005 as its first personal display system sold directly to consumers.[1] eMagin announced it in January 2005 as the first personal display system to combine OLED display technology with head tracking and stereovision.[1] eMagin aimed the PC headset at gaming, simulation, graphics and design work, and private viewing of films and other video.[2]
The visor has a field of view of about 40 degrees diagonal.[3] It uses two OLED microdisplays.[3] Each is an eMagin SVGA-3D OLED microdisplay with a 0.59-inch diagonal and 800 x 600 triad pixels, and a built-in circuit accepts frame-sequential stereoscopic video.[4] A head tracker built into the visor turns head movement into mouse movement on screen.[5] eMagin stopped producing the Z800 after sales declined and reported in its annual report for 2014 that the headset had been discontinued that year.[6][7]
History
Development
The visor was built around eMagin's SVGA-3D OLED microdisplay, a stereovision-capable display with 1.44 million picture elements. eMagin designed it with input from several customers, aiming mainly at the mobile personal computer and PC games markets, and first shipped it in February 2002.[8] The Z800 was the company's first system-level product. In his letter to shareholders in the 2004 annual report, chairman and chief executive Gary W. Jones called it "more a category definer than a 'category killer'" and an entry product for eMagin into new markets. He wrote that the headset drew on electronics, OLED and optics work the company had already done for customers, but that it also required eMagin to build marketing and customer support capabilities, a software and firmware capability, and a design and supply chain for outsourced manufacturing. He also listed new custom integrated circuits with built-in analog DRAMs among the technologies the company had developed.[8] The same report said eMagin expected to ship the first quantities of the visor in the second quarter of 2005.[8]
Announcement and launch
eMagin showed a prototype of the Z800 at the 2005 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in January 2005.[1] At the announcement, OLED-Info reported that the visor would start shipping in the second quarter of 2005 for $899 and would also be available to OEMs for customization.[9] In March 2005, Engadget's Barb Dybwad noted that earlier head-mounted screens had usually left users with headaches and nausea, and wrote that the site would believe eMagin's claims when it saw the product.[10]
eMagin showed a revised version at E3 in May 2005. Engadget's Peter Rojas described the CES prototype as rough around the edges and singled out the combination of 3D stereovision with head tracking.[11] eMagin's annual report for 2005 states that the Z800 first shipped in mid-2005; another passage of the same report says the company began shipping first quantities in the second half of 2005.[1]
eMagin reported that the Z800 was recognized as one of the Digital Living Class of 2005 Innovators. At CES 2006 it received the Consumer Electronics Association's Best of Innovation award for the display category and a Design and Innovations award in the electronic gaming category.[12]
Pricing and sales
In May 2006, eMagin cut the price of the Z800 from its introductory $899 to $549. Susan Jones, eMagin's executive vice president and chief marketing officer, said: "We're seeing the initial adoption of our SDK by game developers, which has come at a time when we've been able to improve our OLED display production, so the time was right to make this move."[13] In May 2008, when eMagin displayed the visor at the Society for Information Display conference in Los Angeles, New Atlas gave its price as US$1,499.[5]
eMagin attributed part of its revenue growth in 2005 and 2006 to Z800 sales, and its marketing expenses for 2006 rose partly because of the product.[12] In its annual reports the company did not give unit figures, stating only that it had shipped "a limited number" of the headsets.[1][12] In later filings it called the Z800 "a very small part of our business".[14] eMagin sold it to individual buyers, to OEM system and equipment customers, through distributors, and through its online store at 3dvisor.com.[4] Its report for 2006 also named Amazon, PC Mall and SkyMall as online outlets,[12] and by 2008 the company ran its Z800 operations from a leased facility in Bellevue, Washington.[4]
The product site's 2013 list of distributors and value-added resellers named PC Mall; Virtual Research, Virtual Realities and Tek Gear in North America; and companies in China, Japan, Korea, Germany, Portugal, Russia, Spain and the United Kingdom.[15] According to eMagin's FAQ, the visor shipped with English documentation and United States FCC certification only, and further international certifications were planned.[16]
Related visor projects
In March 2006, Gizmodo reported on a hands-on with three eMagin headsets: the Z800 and two further models, the X800, a headset designed for 3D and gaming, and the Eyebud 800, a single-eye headset designed for the iPod.[17] In its report for 2006, eMagin said it had completed the primary development of the X800 3DVisor and the Eyebud 800, but had stopped further development until more financial resources became available.[12]
Decline and discontinuation
In its report for 2012, eMagin noted that Sony had released a consumer 3D head-mounted display using Sony's own OLED microdisplays. eMagin said it did not expect this to significantly affect Z800 sales in its historical markets, where the Z800 had an established OEM base in training and simulation, but reported that Z800 sales had declined. It said the Z800 needed to be updated, with a move from analog to digital input and a higher resolution.[14] A year later, eMagin reported that it had stopped production of the Z800 until it could be updated in this way.[6] Its report for 2014 states that the Z800 3DVisor headset was discontinued in 2014 and would be replaced by an Immersive Head Mounted Display (IHMD), which eMagin expected to have available in small quantities in 2015.[7]
Samsung Display, a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics, completed its acquisition of eMagin in October 2023 in an all-cash transaction valued at about $218 million.[18]
Hardware
Display and optics
The visor has one OLED microdisplay for each eye. eMagin's SVGA-3D display has a 0.59-inch diagonal and a resolution of 800 x 600 triad pixels (1.44 million picture elements). eMagin stated that the SVGA-3D OLED-XL display was used primarily in the Z800, and that the headset used the company's molded plastic prism lenses.[4] On the Z800 product site, eMagin specified 24-bit color (more than 16.7 million colors), brightness above 50 cd/m2, a contrast ratio above 200:1 and a 4:3 aspect ratio. It described the image as equivalent to a 105-inch diagonal screen viewed from 12 feet.[3] In its annual reports, eMagin also compared the image to a 19-inch monitor seen from 22 to 24 inches away.[12] eMagin's FAQ said the microdisplays used the same OLED technology as displays in the US Army Land Warrior program, and that because OLED materials emit their own light they need less power than LCDs, which let the visor run its displays, head tracker and audio from a single USB port.[16]
According to New Atlas, the visor accepted an analog SVGA signal at 60 Hz. In stereo mode the 60 Hz signal alternated between the two displays, giving each eye 30 Hz; the visor could not accept higher resolutions or refresh rates.[5] The displays detect frame-sequential stereo video automatically and can show 2D or 3D content.[3] New Atlas reported that the displays buffer color data under each pixel site to eliminate flicker and smear.[5] eMagin's FAQ explained that the visor splits an incoming frame-sequential ("page flipped") signal so that it alternates between the two microdisplays, and that each display uses analog DRAM to hold its image from one refresh to the next, so the screen never goes black between frames; the visor uses no mechanical shutters. The first units did not accept the line-sequential 3D format used on many 3D DVDs.[16] eMagin's marketing copy advertised "85fps for totally smooth action",[3] while the same company's FAQ stated that the visor accepted only an analog 800 x 600 signal at 60 Hz, giving 30 Hz per eye in stereo mode.[16]
The eyepieces can be adjusted for interpupillary distance and tilt, and the display switches off automatically after two hours of use.[3] In SimHQ's review, Doug Lawrence described straps for depth and head circumference, foam padding at the forehead, a visor that moves up and down and up to about one and a half inches away from the face, and an open lower edge that lets the wearer see a keyboard.[19] eMagin said the visor was designed to accommodate most forms of eyewear, and advised users who wear glasses for distance viewing to keep them on.[16]
Head tracking
The Z800 has a built-in head tracker. New Atlas reported that it uses micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) accelerometers and gyroscopes, and that head movement controls the mouse pointer on screen.[5] eMagin listed the tracking range as 360 degrees horizontally and more than 60 degrees vertically.[3] In its marketing, eMagin also said that leaning forward or back moved the player's character forward or back in games.[3] SimHQ compared the tracker to NaturalPoint's first TrackIR, describing it as a mouse pointer directed by head movement, with adjustable sensitivity on the X and Y axes.[20]
eMagin's FAQ gave more detail on the sensors. The tracker has three gyroscopes, one each for the X, Y and Z axes, with corresponding accelerometers and compasses. Because the compasses are used for orientation and stabilization, eMagin warned that strong magnetic fields, such as those near stereo speakers, could disorient the tracker, and said the commercial visor could not be used in an MRI machine. Tracker data travels to the PC over USB, so the USB connection is needed for head tracking even when the visor is powered from the optional AC adapter.[16] The visor came with mouse emulation software that runs in the background and turns head motion into pointer movement. According to eMagin, this software supported only the X and Y axes, although the tracker itself could sense the Z axis, and eMagin offered a downloadable SDK for interfacing with the head tracker.[16]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Tracker weight | Less than 15 g[16] |
| Rotation range | 360 degrees on all axes; 360 degrees horizontal and more than 60 degrees vertical in mouse emulation mode[16] |
| Data update rate | 125 Hz[16] |
| Maximum latency | 4 ms (from device)[16] |
| Drift | 1 degree per 5 minutes[16] |
| Resolution | 1 degree (yaw, pitch and roll)[16] |
Audio, power and connections
The headset has stereo earbuds and a built-in noise-canceling microphone.[3] It can run on USB power alone.[2] eMagin rated its power consumption at less than 1.25 W and listed USB or a regulated 5 V DC supply as power sources. Video enters through an analog RGB PC D-Sub (VGA) input.[3] The noise-canceling microphone sits between the two eyepieces, and the earbuds plug into two audio jacks on the headset just above the eyepieces, so users can swap them for their own headphones.[16] Because the visor is a fully analog device, eMagin said a PC with only a DVI output needed a DVI-to-analog converter. The company also claimed that a laptop user who switched off the built-in LCD and used the USB-powered visor as the only display would extend battery life by about 30 percent.[16] eMagin explained the lack of a wireless version by saying no affordable, power-efficient wireless technology could yet carry full-motion SVGA video with sound.[16]
The visor connects to a separate control unit. SimHQ reported that the unit has sockets for an AC adapter, USB, audio, microphone and two VGA connectors, so a normal monitor can be connected through it and used alongside the visor. The kit included a 1-foot VGA cable, a 2-foot USB cable, two 2-foot audio cables, earbuds, a carrying case, a lens cleaning cloth, a software CD and a quick start guide. The reviewer found the supplied cables too short for a tower PC; eMagin sold 6-foot cables separately.[21][19]
Specifications
| Specification | Value |
|---|---|
| Displays | Two SVGA-3D OLED microdisplays, 0.59-inch diagonal[4] |
| Resolution | 800 x 600 triad pixels per display[3] |
| Field of view | About 40 degrees diagonal[3] |
| Aspect ratio | 4:3[3] |
| Color | 24-bit (more than 16.7 million colors)[3] |
| Brightness | More than 50 cd/m2[3] |
| Contrast ratio | More than 200:1[3] |
| Input signal | Analog SVGA 800 x 600 at 60 Hz; 30 Hz per eye in stereo mode[5] |
| Head tracking range | 360 degrees horizontal, more than 60 degrees vertical[3] |
| Audio | Stereo earbuds; built-in noise-canceling microphone[3] |
| Power | USB or 5 V DC regulated; less than 1.25 W typical[3] |
| Weight (display set) | Less than 8 oz (227 g)[3] |
| Controller size | 6.1 x 3.45 x 1.15 in[3] |
| Operating temperature | 0 to 40 degrees C[3] |
| Storage temperature | -10 to 50 degrees C[3] |
| Head tracker | Three MEMS gyroscopes with accelerometers and compasses; 125 Hz update rate[16] |
Software and compatibility
eMagin stated that the Z800 worked with PCs running Windows XP and Windows Vista. It needed at least one USB port for power, and stereo 3D required a graphics card able to output frame-sequential 3D video.[3] SimHQ's reviewer, testing in 2006, reported that stereo 3D needed an NVIDIA 3D accelerator card with NVIDIA's ForceWare stereo drivers, configured through a stereo separation slider in the NVIDIA stereo properties.[21][20] The visor can also be used as an ordinary 2D display.[3][21]
eMagin's FAQ gave fuller system requirements. Head tracking and 2D use needed a 32-bit PC or laptop running Windows XP (Service Pack 1 or 2) or Windows Vista, one free USB port (preferably not through a hub), 10 MB of disk space, a CD-ROM or DVD drive, and the PC's display set to 800 x 600 at 60 Hz. Ordinary graphics cards from Intel, ATI and other makers worked in 2D mode, but 3D required frame-sequential stereo input; eMagin named NVIDIA 3D accelerator cards running ForceWare drivers, including the TNT, GeForce and Quadro families. The FAQ also said that eMagin's value-added reseller Virtual Realities had the Z800 working in 3D under Windows XP and Vista with most ATI and NVIDIA cards, and that the same reseller offered a dual-input version of the visor that took separate signals for the two eyes. On Mac or Linux computers able to output SVGA, eMagin said the visor could probably work as a 2D monitor, but 3D and head tracking were unlikely to work. Windows desktop applications appear in 2D even with the stereo drivers installed, because only software that supplies stereo data is shown in 3D.[16]
The visor could also act as a primary or secondary monitor under Windows multiple-monitor support. Because the controller has both a VGA input and a VGA output, a desktop monitor can be daisy-chained through it and the Windows desktop extended across both screens.[16] eMagin's downloads page offered the Z800 3DVisor SDK 2.2, a setup wizard, a "3D Launcher", "XtenDesk", a "Lab Tool", and NVIDIA 3D stereo drivers for Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7.[22]
eMagin's product site listed games with stereo 3D support, among them Unreal Tournament 2003 and 2004, Doom 3, Painkiller, Half-Life 2 and America's Army.[5] The company offered a downloadable software development kit for developers who wanted to customize how the visor interfaced with other software.[3] eMagin said the Z800 was not fully compatible with game consoles such as the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 or Wii, because they did not output stereo video and would not recognize the head tracker. It could still act as a console display if extra hardware converted the signal to SVGA.[3] The controller has no inputs for NTSC, PAL, S-video or HDTV signals, so televisions and standalone DVD players also needed a converter to SVGA.[16]
Tested games
eMagin published a list of games it had tested with the visor, rated on stereo visuals and ease of configuration. Its test systems used an AMD Athlon 64 FX-55 at 2.6 GHz with 1 GB of RAM and either a GeForce 7800 GTX or a GeForce 6800 Ultra graphics card, with NVIDIA ForceWare and stereo driver version 78.01.[22] A selection of the published results:
| Game | eMagin's result |
|---|---|
| Age of Empires III | 3D fully supported[22] |
| Doom 3 | 3D fully supported[22] |
| Half-Life 2 | 3D fully supported[22] |
| Quake 4 | 3D fully supported[22] |
| World of Warcraft | 3D fully supported[22] |
| Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004: A Century of Flight | 3D fully supported[22] |
| Lock-On | 3D fully supported after configuration adjustments[22] |
| F.E.A.R | Great 3D, doubled crosshair[22] |
| Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Many graphical artifacts; foreground 3D did not appear to sync[22] |
| Final Fantasy XI Online | No 3D support[22] |
| EverQuest II | No support for 800 x 600[22] |
| X3: Reunion | No support for 800 x 600[22] |
Applications
eMagin marketed the Z800 for first-person shooters, flight simulators and real-time strategy games, and also for military training, remote surgery, CAD, scientific visualization and use as a second computer monitor.[3] In its reports, eMagin said the product was used for personal entertainment, electronic gaming, and military training and simulation.[12] Defense Update described its potential for military training and for remote control and command and control of systems.[23]
According to eMagin, OEMs bought the Z800 for their simulation and training products. The company named the Quantum 3D Expedition System, the NVIS Virtual Binocular SSV and Virtually Better's Virtual Iraq as examples of commercial training and simulation products using its products.[4] eMagin also reported that in February 2007 the Z800, as integrated in Chatten Associates' head-aimed remote viewer, was named one of Advanced Imaging's Solutions of the Year.[12]
Virtually Better incorporated the Z800 into its Virtual Iraq treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder.[12] In a randomized, double-blind trial with Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans published in the American Journal of Psychiatry in 2014, Barbara Rothbaum, Albert "Skip" Rizzo and colleagues had participants wear an eMagin Z800 with separate screens for each eye, integrated head tracking and stereo earphones. The participants viewed a Virtual Iraq or Afghanistan environment and used a handheld controller to drive a Humvee or move on foot through city scenes.[24]
Researchers at Delft University of Technology used the Z800 in a study of cybersickness and anxiety in virtual reality exposure therapy. Eighty-eight volunteers viewed the virtual worlds through an eMagin Z800 with head position tracked at 125 Hz, and gave a five-minute talk to a virtual audience twice, once with stereoscopic rendering and once without. Among the 14 participants who reported no cybersickness in a neutral virtual room, the authors found a significant correlation between anxiety and the nausea subscale of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, and concluded that cybersickness scores in such studies may partly reflect anxiety.[25]
Reception
PCMag reviewed the Z800 in September 2005. The review said that head tracking worked for gaming and that the headset worked well with films, but called focusing the visor "painful" and found the 3D images accurate and sometimes breathtaking, though "slightly nauseating".[26]
In its November 2005 Personal Tech Guide, InformationWeek listed the $899 visor, saying the same device that played video games was good enough to run military training simulations, and suggested using it to watch films on a plane or in place of a laptop's LCD to save battery power and gain privacy.[27]
Doug Lawrence reviewed the visor for the flight simulation site SimHQ in March 2006. He found that the image felt like a large theater screen and that the 60 Hz refresh rate caused no visible flicker in 2D use. Many newer simulations did not offer an 800 x 600 mode, so he could not use the visor with Battle of Britain II. In stereo 3D with Lock On: Flaming Cliffs, he found the depth of the cockpit convincing and called the effect during low-level flight profound, but fast pans of the view blurred the 3D image, which he attributed to the refresh rate. His main complaints were eyepieces that slipped out of focus when he moved his head, which caused eyestrain,[19] and a horizontal eyepiece range that was slightly too narrow for him.[28] He concluded that the Z800 had "fallen short" as a consumer head-mounted display and needed refinements, including fixed eyepieces, a resolution of at least 1024 x 768 and a higher refresh rate. He also wrote that he would gladly pay $800 for it.[28]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "eMagin Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005". SEC EDGAR. eMagin Corporation. 2006-04-17. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001046995/000101376206000833/form10k.htm. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "eMagin Introduces Gaming Visor Display". Game Developer. 2005-05-25. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/emagin-introduces-gaming-visor-display. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 "Z800 3DVisor - Get Inside The Game". 3DVisor.com. eMagin Corporation. 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130815120015/http://www.3dvisor.com/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "eMagin Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008". SEC EDGAR. eMagin Corporation. 2009-03-31. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1046995/000101376209000570/form10k.htm. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Kyle Sherer (2008-05-25). "eMagin's OLED Z800 3DVisor". New Atlas. https://newatlas.com/emagins-oled-z800-3dvisor/9374/. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "eMagin Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013". SEC EDGAR. eMagin Corporation. 2014-03-13. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1046995/000101376214000233/form10k.htm. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "eMagin Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014". SEC EDGAR. eMagin Corporation. 2015-03-13. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1046995/000101376215000212/f10k2014_emagin.htm. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "eMagin Corporation 2004 Annual Report (Form 10-KSB/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004)". eMagin Corporation. eMagin Corporation. 2005. https://emagin.com/images/financials/2004-Annual-Report.pdf. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
- ↑ Ron Mertens (2005-01-07). "eMagin unveils the Z800 3D Visor with two 800x600 OLED microdisplays". OLED-Info. https://www.oled-info.com/emagin/emagin_unveils_z800_3d_visor. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ Barb Dybwad (2005-03-16). "eMagin USB powered OLED 3D visor". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2005-03-16-emagin-usb-powered-oled-3d-visor.html. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ Peter Rojas (2005-05-19). "eMagin @ E3 - Z800 3D Visor". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2005-05-19-emagin-e3-z800-3d-visor.html. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 "eMagin Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006". SEC EDGAR. eMagin Corporation. 2007-04-02. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1046995/000101376207000529/form10k.htm. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ Ron Mertens (2006-05-10). "eMagin reduces price of the Z800 3D Visor to 549$". OLED-Info. https://www.oled-info.com/emagin/emagin_reduces_price_of_the_z800_3d_visor_to_549. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "eMagin Corporation Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012". SEC EDGAR. eMagin Corporation. 2013-03-14. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1046995/000101376213000393/form10k.htm. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ "Z800 3DVisor: Buy Online". 3DVisor.com. eMagin Corporation. 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130423210321/http://www.3dvisor.com/buy/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
- ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 16.16 16.17 16.18 16.19 "Z800 3DVisor: FAQs". 3DVisor.com. eMagin Corporation. 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130430103525/http://www.3dvisor.com/faqs/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
- ↑ "eMagin 3DVisor Hands-on". Gizmodo. 2006-03-02. https://gizmodo.com/emagin-3dvisor-hands-on-158063. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
- ↑ "Samsung Display Completes Acquisition of eMagin". SEC EDGAR (Form 8-K, Exhibit 99.1). eMagin Corporation. 2023-10-18. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1046995/000110465923109777/tm2328594d1_ex99-1.htm. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Doug Lawrence (2006-03-27). "Emagin's Z800 Head Mounted Display, Page 2". SimHQ. https://web.archive.org/web/20240618152448/https://www.simhq.com/_technology2/technology_080b.html. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Doug Lawrence (2006-03-27). "Emagin's Z800 Head Mounted Display, Page 3". SimHQ. https://web.archive.org/web/20240614184643/https://www.simhq.com/_technology2/technology_080c.html. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Doug Lawrence (2006-03-27). "Emagin's Z800 Head Mounted Display". SimHQ. https://web.archive.org/web/20240418172345/https://www.simhq.com/_technology2/technology_080a.html. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 22.11 22.12 22.13 "Z800 3DVisor: Support". 3DVisor.com. eMagin Corporation. 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130423203809/http://www.3dvisor.com/support/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
- ↑ "Z800 3D Visor". Defense Update. 2005-12-02. https://defense-update.com/20051202_z800.html. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Matthew Price, Tanja Jovanovic, Seth D. Norrholm, Maryrose Gerardi, Boadie Dunlop, Michael Davis, Bekh Bradley, Erica Duncan, Albert Rizzo, Kerry J. Ressler (2014). "A Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of D-Cycloserine or Alprazolam Combined With Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans". American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 171, no. 6. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13121625. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ Yun Ling, Willem-Paul Brinkman, Harold T. Nefs, Chao Qu, Ingrid Heynderickx. "Cybersickness and Anxiety in Virtual Environments". TU Delft Repository. Delft University of Technology. https://repository.tudelft.nl/file/File_d4dc67fc-12dd-4b66-8720-df4388e0f6b5. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
- ↑ PCMag Staff (2005-09-28). "eMagin Z800 3DVisor". PCMag. https://www.pcmag.com/archive/emagin-z800-3dvisor-160962. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
- ↑ InformationWeek Staff (November 2005). "Personal Tech Guide 32". InformationWeek. https://www.informationweek.com/it-leadership/personal-tech-guide-32. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Doug Lawrence (2006-03-27). "Emagin's Z800 Head Mounted Display, Page 4". SimHQ. https://web.archive.org/web/20240519081007/https://www.simhq.com/_technology2/technology_080d.html. Retrieved 2026-09-27.