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{{Device Infobox
{{Device Infobox
|name = Valve Index
|image = [[File:Valve index21.jpeg|350px]]
|image =
|VR/AR = [[Virtual Reality]]
|VR/AR = [[Virtual Reality]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Subtype = [[PC VR]]
|Subtype = [[PC-Powered VR]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]]
|Creator = [[Valve Corporation]]
|Creator = [[Valve]]
|Developer = [[Valve Corporation]]
|Developer = [[Valve]]
|Manufacturer = [[Valve Corporation]]
|Manufacturer = [[Valve]]
|Announcement Date = April 30, 2019
|Announcement Date = April 30, 2019
|Release Date = June 28, 2019
|Release Date = June 28, 2019
|Price = $999 (Full Kit), $499 (Headset only)
|Price = $999 (Full Kit), $749 (Headset + Controllers), $499 (Headset only), $279 (Controllers only), $149 (Base Station only)
|Website = https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index
|Website = https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index
|Versions = Index Headset, Index Controllers, Full Kit, Base Stations
|Versions = Valve Index (2019)
|Requires = Gaming PC with DisplayPort
|Requires = Windows 10, SteamOS, or Linux; NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 / AMD RX 480 or better
|Predecessor = [[HTC Vive]] (Valve partnership)
|Predecessor = [[HTC Vive]]
|Successor =
|Successor =  
|Operating System = [[Windows]], [[Linux]] (via SteamVR)
|Operating System = [[Windows 10]], [[SteamOS]], [[Linux]]
|Chipset = N/A (tethered PCVR)
|Chipset =  
|CPU = N/A (PC-powered)
|CPU = Dual Core with hyperthreading, or better
|GPU = N/A (PC-powered)
|GPU = NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970, AMD RX480, or better
|HPU =
|HPU =  
|Storage = N/A
|Storage =  
|Memory = N/A
|Memory = 8 GB+
|SD Card Slot = No
|SD Card Slot = No
|Display = Dual LCD (full RGB)
|Display = Dual 1440×1600 RGB LCD panels
|Subpixel Layout = RGB stripe
|Subpixel Layout = Full RGB
|Peak Brightness = Not specified
|Peak Brightness =  
|Resolution = 1440 × 1600 per eye (2880 × 1600 combined)
|Resolution = 2880×1600 (combined)
|Pixel Density = ~14.5 PPD (estimated)
|Refresh Rate = 80/90/120/144Hz
|Refresh Rate = 80Hz, 90Hz, 120Hz, 144Hz (experimental)
|Pixel Density =  
|Persistence = 0.330ms (at 144Hz)
|Persistence = 0.330ms to 0.530ms (varies with refresh rate)
|Field of View = 108° (typical), up to 130° (adjustable)
|Precision =
|Horizontal FoV = ~108°
|Field of View = ~130 degrees (diagonal)
|Vertical FoV = ~108°
|Horizontal FoV = ~108 degrees
|Average Pixel Density = ~14.5 PPD
|Peak Pixel Density =  
|Peak Pixel Density = ~14.5 PPD
|Foveated Rendering = No
|Foveated Rendering = No
|Optics = Dual-element canted Fresnel lenses
|Optics = Double element, canted Fresnel lens design
|Ocularity = Binocular
|Ocularity =  
|IPD Range = 58-70mm (mechanical adjustment)
|IPD Range = 58mm - 70mm (physical adjustment)
|Adjustable Diopter = No (glasses compatible)
|Adjustable Diopter = No
|Passthrough = No (front-facing camera for room view)
|Passthrough = Stereo pass-through via front cameras
|Tracking = 6DoF outside-in (SteamVR Tracking 2.0)
|Tracking = [[SteamVR Tracking]], (Lighthouse 2.0)
|Tracking Frequency = 1000Hz
|Tracking Frequency = 100Hz laser sweep
|Base Stations = Required (SteamVR 2.0 base stations)
|Base Stations = Up to 4 supported
|Eye Tracking = No
|Eye Tracking = No
|Face Tracking = No
|Face Tracking = No
|Hand Tracking = No (Index controllers provide finger tracking)
|Hand Tracking = Via controllers (finger tracking)
|Body Tracking = Via SteamVR trackers
|Body Tracking = No (compatible with third-party trackers)
|Rotational Tracking = Yes
|Rotational Tracking = 6 DOF
|Positional Tracking = Yes
|Positional Tracking = 6 DOF
|Update Rate = 1000Hz
|Update Rate =  
|Tracking Volume = Up to 10m × 10m (with 4 base stations)
|Tracking Volume = Up to 10m × 10m with 4 base stations
|Play Space = Roomscale
|Play Space = Up to 10m × 10m
|Latency = <11ms motion-to-photon
|Latency =  
|Audio = Near-field speakers (off-ear)
|Audio = Built-in: 37.5mm off-ear Balanced Mode Radiators (BMR)
|Microphone = Yes (dual microphone)
|Microphone = Dual Microphone Array
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes
|Camera = 2× stereo RGB cameras (passthrough)
|Camera = Stereo 960 × 960 pixel, global shutter, RGB (Bayer)
|Connectivity = DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0
|Connectivity = USB 3.0, DisplayPort 1.2
|Ports = DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0, 3.5mm audio, 12V DC
|Ports = USB-C (expansion/accessory port)
|Wired Video = Yes (DisplayPort)
|Wired Video = DisplayPort 1.2
|Wireless Video = No (third-party wireless adapter available)
|Wireless Video = No
|WiFi = No
|WiFi = No
|Bluetooth = No
|Bluetooth = No
|Power = 12V DC power adapter
|Power = 12V DC
|Battery Capacity = N/A
|Battery Capacity = N/A (wired)
|Battery Life = N/A (tethered)
|Battery Life = N/A (wired)
|Charge Time = N/A
|Charge Time = N/A (wired)
|Dimensions = ~200mm × 130mm × 100mm
|Dimensions =  
|Weight = 809g (with cable)
|Weight = 809g (1.78 lbs)
|Material = Plastic, fabric, aluminum
|Material =  
|Headstrap = Integrated halo strap with dial adjustment
|Headstrap = Adjustable rigid headstrap with rear adjustment dial
|Haptics = Controller haptics
|Haptics = Via controllers
|Color = Black/Gray
|Color = Black
|Sensors = Lighthouse tracking photodiodes, IMU, proximity sensor
|Sensors = Accelerometer, Gyroscope
|Input = Index Controllers (included in kit), SteamVR controllers
|Input = Valve Index Controllers (included)
|Compliance = FCC, CE
|Compliance =  
|Cable Length = 5 meters (tether cable)
|Size =
|Cable Length = 5m (16.4 ft)
}}
}}
The [[Valve Index]] is an [[HMD]] offered by [[Valve Corporation]], the company behind the popular gaming platform [[Steam]]. Released in 2019, the Index represents Valve's entry into the high-end virtual reality hardware market with their own branded headset, building upon their previous collaboration with HTC on the [[HTC Vive]]. The full kit comes with a headset, two controllers, and two base stations. The headset requires a connection to a PC, and features high-resolution displays, innovative off-ear audio solution, and a wide field of view. The controllers, originally known as "Knuckles" during development, enable individual finger tracking through capacitive sensors and force detection. The base stations utilize the [[Lighthouse]] tracking system, an enhancement to the system previously used by the [[HTC Vive]].<ref name="valve_website">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index</ref><ref name="verge_review">https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/28/19102584/valve-index-steamvr-headset-review-shipping-today</ref>


The '''Valve Index''' is a [[PC VR]] [[head-mounted display]] developed by [[Valve Corporation]], announced on April 30, 2019, and released on June 28, 2019 at a price of $999 for the complete kit. Representing Valve's first self-developed VR hardware following their collaboration with HTC on the original Vive, the Index set new standards for high-refresh-rate VR with support for 80Hz, 90Hz, 120Hz, and an experimental 144Hz mode—the highest refresh rate available in consumer VR at the time. The headset introduced revolutionary Index Controllers featuring capacitive sensors that track individual finger positions, enabling natural hand poses without physical button presses. Combined with SteamVR 2.0 base station tracking delivering sub-millimeter accuracy, near-field off-ear speakers praised for exceptional audio quality, and dual-element canted optics providing up to 130° field of view, the Valve Index established itself as the premium PC VR reference platform.
__TOC__


== History and Development ==
==Overview==
The Valve Index is a high-end virtual reality system developed and manufactured entirely by [[Valve Corporation]]. It was designed with fidelity as a priority, focusing on delivering superior visual quality, comfort, and intuitive interaction. The system consists of three main components that can be purchased separately or as a complete kit: the headset, the controllers, and the base stations.<ref name="valve_website" />


=== Valve's VR Journey ===
===Key Features===
Valve's involvement in VR began internally around 2012-2013, with the company's research contributing significantly to the development of consumer VR. Valve collaborated with Oculus on early prototypes before the Facebook acquisition, then partnered with HTC to release the HTC Vive in 2016, which established the SteamVR platform and Lighthouse tracking technology.
* High-resolution dual 1440×1600 LCD displays with full RGB subpixel array
* Up to 144Hz refresh rate, providing smooth motion
* Wide ~130° field of view
* Physical IPD adjustment (58-70mm range)
* Innovative off-ear audio solution with BMR drivers
* Advanced controllers with finger tracking and pressure sensitivity
* Front expansion port ("Frunk") with USB 3.0 for modders and developers
* Stereo RGB cameras for computer vision and mixed reality applications
* Compatible with [[SteamVR]] 2.0 and 1.0 base stations<ref name="valve_website" /><ref name="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_Index</ref>


=== Development of Index ===
==Release and Pricing==
After the Vive's success, Valve began developing their own hardware:
The [[Valve Index]] was officially announced on April 30, 2019, and began shipping on June 28, 2019. The system's launch came shortly after the releases of the [[Oculus Quest]] and [[Oculus Rift S]].<ref name="verge_pricing">https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/30/18524167/valve-index-vr-headset-price-pre-order-date</ref>
* Aimed to address Vive limitations (resolution, refresh rate, FOV, audio)
* New controller design enabling finger tracking
* Upgraded Lighthouse 2.0 tracking system
* Focus on premium enthusiast market


=== Announcement and Launch ===
The Index was positioned as a premium VR solution, with pricing options as follows:
Valve revealed the Index in stages:
{| class="wikitable"
* March 2019: Teased new VR hardware
|+ Valve Index Pricing (USD)
* April 2019: Full specifications announced
|-
* June 2019: Worldwide launch
! Package !! Price
|-
| Complete Kit (Headset, Controllers, Base Stations) || $999
|-
| Headset + Controllers || $749
|-
| Headset Only || $499
|-
| Controllers Only (Pair) || $279
|-
| Base Station (Each) || $149
|}


=== Half-Life: Alyx ===
The [[Valve Index]] is available for purchase through [[Steam]] and can be shipped to the United States, Canada, and countries within the European Union.<ref name="steam_support">https://help.steampowered.com/en/faqs/view/339C-BC5C-3D89-53D9</ref>
In November 2019, Valve announced Half-Life: Alyx—a flagship VR game designed to showcase Index capabilities. Released in March 2020, Alyx demonstrated what was possible with high-end VR hardware and drove significant Index sales, with Valve struggling to meet demand through 2020.


== Display Technology ==
In 2020, with the announcement and subsequent release of [[Half-Life: Alyx]], Valve's flagship VR game, demand for the Index surged dramatically. The game was included free with all Index hardware purchases. By January 2020, the Index was sold out in all 31 available countries except Japan.<ref name="wikipedia" />


=== Dual LCD Panels ===
==Hardware==
The Index uses custom LCD displays offering advantages over OLED alternatives:
* '''Resolution''': 1440 × 1600 per eye
* '''Total Resolution''': 2880 × 1600
* '''Panel Type''': LCD with full RGB subpixel arrangement
* '''Subpixels''': 50% more subpixels than OLED at equivalent resolution


=== RGB vs. PenTile ===
===Headset===
Unlike many VR headsets using PenTile OLED (RG-BG pattern), the Index's full RGB layout means:
The Valve Index headset features dual 1440×1600 LCD displays, providing a combined resolution of 2880×1600 pixels. Unlike many other VR headsets that use OLED displays, the Index utilizes LCD panels with a full RGB subpixel array, which reduces the "screen door effect" commonly seen in VR. The displays support variable refresh rates of 80Hz, 90Hz, 120Hz, and an experimental 144Hz mode, with extremely low persistence (0.330ms at 144Hz) to reduce motion blur.<ref name="wikipedia" />
* Every pixel has red, green, and blue subpixels
* Sharper text and fine detail
* Reduced screen door effect
* Better rendering efficiency


=== High Refresh Rate ===
The headset's optics consist of a custom double-element design with canted (angled) Fresnel lenses. This configuration maximizes the field of view while maintaining edge-to-edge clarity. The Index offers approximately 108° horizontal field of view, which is wider than most competing headsets.<ref name="wikipedia" /><ref name="valve_headset">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/headset</ref>
The Index pioneered high-refresh-rate VR:
* '''80Hz''': Power-saving mode
* '''90Hz''': Standard VR refresh (backward compatible)
* '''120Hz''': High refresh mode
* '''144Hz''': Experimental maximum


Higher refresh rates provide:
For user comfort, the Index includes a physical interpupillary distance (IPD) adjustment mechanism with a range of 58-70mm, accommodating a wide variety of users. The adjustment is performed via a slider located beneath the displays.
* Smoother motion
* Reduced motion blur
* Lower latency
* Improved comfort during fast movement


=== Low Persistence ===
The headset's facial interface features premium antimicrobial microfiber cushioning attached via magnets for easy replacement. Valve has published specifications for the face gasket, enabling third-party manufacturers to develop aftermarket solutions.<ref name="valve_headset" />
Global backlight illumination enables ultra-low persistence:
* 0.330ms at 144Hz
* Dramatic motion blur reduction
* Sharp images during head movement
* Essential for high-refresh effectiveness


== Optical System ==
One of the Index's standout features is its audio solution. The headset includes "off-ear" speakers that don't touch the user's ears, using 37.5mm Balanced Mode Radiator (BMR) drivers. This design provides a more natural audio experience while keeping ears cool during extended play sessions. The headset also includes a 3.5mm audio jack for users who prefer their own audio solution, as well as a dual microphone array for voice communication.<ref name="valve_headset" />


=== Dual-Element Canted Lenses ===
The front of the headset houses dual RGB cameras (960×960 pixels each) with global shutter sensors. These cameras enable developers to create computer vision applications and provide users with a high-quality stereo pass-through view of their surroundings.<ref name="valve_headset" />
Unique optical design provides wide FOV:
* Two optical elements per lens
* Canted (angled) toward edges
* Wider field of view than single-element designs
* Approximately 108° typical, up to 130° maximum


=== Field of View Adjustment ===
For tinkerers and developers, the Index includes a front compartment dubbed the "Frunk," which houses a USB 3.0 Type-A port specifically designed for experimental attachments and modifications.<ref name="valve_headset" />
FOV varies based on:
* Face shape and eye position
* How close eyes can get to lenses
* IPD setting
* Individual anatomy


=== Eye Relief Adjustment ===
===Controllers===
Physical adjustment allows:
The [[Valve Index Controllers]], previously known during development as "Knuckles," represent a significant advancement in VR input devices. Unlike traditional VR controllers that must be gripped continuously, the Index Controllers are secured to the user's hands with adjustable straps, allowing users to completely release their grip without dropping the controllers.<ref name="valve_controllers">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/controllers</ref>
* Moving lenses closer to or farther from face
* Maximizing FOV when possible
* Accommodating glasses
* Dial on side of headset controls distance


=== IPD Adjustment ===
Each controller features 87 sensors that work together to track hand position, finger position, motion, and pressure. These sensors enable individual finger tracking, allowing for natural gestures and interactions in VR. The controllers continuously recalibrate to adapt to different hand sizes and changing skin capacitance.<ref name="valve_controllers" />
Mechanical slider beneath lenses:
* Range: 58-70mm
* Physical lens movement (not software)
* Ensures proper alignment for each eye


== SteamVR Tracking 2.0 ==
The Index Controllers include a variety of traditional input methods:
* Analog thumbstick
* Trackpad with force sensor
* Two face buttons (A/B)
* System button
* Trigger with force sensor
* Grip force sensor
* Finger tracking sensors<ref name="valve_controllers" />


=== Lighthouse Technology ===
The controllers are powered by internal rechargeable batteries with a usage time of approximately 7 hours, and can be charged via USB-C connectors. They feature capacitive grip and button sensors, enabling the system to detect which fingers are touching the controller and which are raised, providing a more intuitive way to interact with virtual objects.<ref name="valve_controllers" />
The Index uses Valve's Lighthouse tracking system:
* External base stations emit IR laser sweeps
* Photodiodes on headset detect laser positions
* Calculates position with sub-millimeter accuracy
* Up to 1000Hz tracking update rate


=== Base Station 2.0 ===
A 2018 tech demo titled "Moondust" was released to showcase the capabilities of an early version of the Knuckles controllers, demonstrating the precise finger tracking and pressure sensitivity.<ref name="wikipedia" />
Improved over original Lighthouse:
* Single rotor design (more reliable)
* Wider tracking field (160° × 115°)
* Longer range (up to 7 meters)
* Support for up to 4 base stations simultaneously


=== Tracking Volume ===
{| class="wikitable"
With two base stations: ~5m × 5m play area
|+ Valve Index Controllers Specifications
With four base stations: Up to 10m × 10m
|-
! Feature !! Specification
|-
| Input Methods || Thumbstick, Trackpad, A/B Buttons, System Button, Trigger, Grip
|-
| Sensors || 87 sensors per controller for position, motion, and pressure
|-
| Tracking || 6 DOF via Lighthouse system
|-
| Battery || 7+ hours per charge (rechargeable)
|-
| Charging || USB-C
|-
| Haptics || HD haptics
|-
| Strap || Adjustable at three points, antimicrobial fabric
|-
| Weight || Approximately 198g per controller
|}


=== Advantages ===
===Base Stations===
Outside-in tracking provides:
The [[Valve Index]] utilizes Valve's [[Lighthouse]] 2.0 tracking system, which provides high-precision, sub-millimeter position tracking. The system uses external base stations that emit invisible infrared laser patterns to track the headset and controllers.<ref name="valve_basestations">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/base-stations</ref>
* Extreme accuracy
* Low latency
* Works in any lighting
* Consistent performance


== Index Controllers ==
The Lighthouse 2.0 base stations improve upon the previous generation with:
* Wider 150° field of view
* Improved range
* Support for up to four base stations in a single setup (vs. two in the original system)
* Simplified design (single rotor vs. dual rotor in 1.0)
* No sync cable requirement between base stations<ref name="valve_basestations" /><ref name="lighthouse_article">https://mixed-news.com/en/valves-lighthouse-tracking-system-how-it-started-where-its-going/</ref>


=== Finger Tracking Design ===
Each base station sweeps infrared laser beams across the play area 100 times per second, which are detected by photosensors on the headset and controllers. This allows the system to precisely track the position and orientation of all devices in 3D space.<ref name="valve_basestations" />
Revolutionary controller design:
* '''Capacitive Sensors''': Detect finger presence on all surfaces
* '''Grip Sensing''': Measures squeeze force
* '''Thumb Tracking''': Position on trackpad/buttons
* '''Index Finger''': Trigger with analog sensing


=== Natural Hand Poses ===
The tracking system can support a play area of up to 10m × 10m (approximately 33ft × 33ft) when using four base stations. For optimal tracking performance, base stations should be mounted above head height and positioned to maximize visibility of the tracked devices.<ref name="steam_community">https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2985037346</ref>
Controllers recognize:
* Fully open hand
* Individual finger curling
* Fist formation
* Pointing gestures
* Various grip strengths


=== Strap System ===
Valve Index Base Stations are compatible with other SteamVR 2.0 tracking devices, including the [[HTC Vive Pro]]. Additionally, the Index headset and controllers are backward compatible with the original Lighthouse 1.0 base stations used by the original [[HTC Vive]].<ref name="valve_basestations" />
Unique hand attachment:
* Adjustable strap wraps around hand
* Controllers stay attached even when releasing grip
* Natural throw and release gestures possible
* Comfortable for extended sessions


=== Traditional Controls ===
==System Requirements==
Also includes conventional inputs:
To use the Valve Index, a PC meeting the following minimum specifications is required:
* Analog stick
* A and B buttons
* System button
* Trigger
* Trackpad


=== Battery and Charging ===
{| class="wikitable"
* Internal rechargeable batteries
|+ Valve Index System Requirements
* Charging via USB-C
|-
* Approximately 7 hours battery life
! Component !! Minimum !! Recommended
* Charge while playing possible
|-
 
| Operating System || Windows 10, SteamOS, Linux || Windows 10, SteamOS, Linux
== Audio System ==
|-
 
| Processor || Dual Core with Hyperthreading || Quad Core+
=== Near-Field Speakers ===
|-
Innovative off-ear audio design:
| Memory || 8 GB RAM || 8 GB+ RAM
* Speakers positioned near ears without touching
|-
* No ear cups or contact pressure
| Graphics || NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 / AMD RX 480 || NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 or better
* BMR (Balanced Mode Radiator) drivers
|-
* Full frequency range reproduction
| Ports || DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0 || DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0
|-
| Additional || Additional USB port required for camera passthrough || -
|}


=== Audio Quality ===
To achieve the maximum 10m × 10m play space, four base stations are required. Users can also use the base stations that come with the [[HTC Vive]] instead of purchasing additional [[Valve Index]] base stations, although this would limit the play space to the capabilities of the Lighthouse 1.0 system.<ref name="vive_website">https://www.vive.com/us/support/vive-pro/category_howto/tips-for-setting-up-the-base-stations.html</ref>
Widely praised audio implementation:
* Excellent bass response
* Clear highs
* Wide soundstage
* Spatial audio support
* Comparable to good headphones


=== Open Audio Benefits ===
==Setup==
Off-ear design provides:
Unlike [[standalone HMD|standalone HMDs]] like the [[Oculus Quest]], the [[Valve Index]] requires proper setup of base stations to track the user's movements. The setup process involves:
* Comfort during extended sessions
* Environmental awareness
* No heat buildup
* Natural sound reproduction


=== 3.5mm Jack ===
1. Mounting the base stations in opposite corners of the play area, ideally above head height (at least 2m/6.5ft).
Alternative audio option:
2. Adjusting the base stations to point toward the center of the play area.
* Use preferred headphones
3. Connecting the headset to the PC via DisplayPort and USB.
* Standard jack on headset
4. Running the SteamVR setup process to define the play area boundaries.
* Maintains spatial audio processing
5. Pairing and calibrating the controllers.<ref name="steam_community" />


=== Dual Microphones ===
For optimal tracking performance, the base stations should be positioned to maximize visibility of the headset and controllers during use. Reflective surfaces in the play area may interfere with tracking and should be covered if possible.<ref name="vive_website" />
Integrated microphone system:
* Two microphones for noise cancellation
* Clear voice communication
* Works well in VR social applications


== Physical Design ==
==Input Devices==
The primary input devices for the [[Valve Index]] are the Index Controllers, which come with the full kit. These controllers feature individual finger tracking, pressure sensitivity, and traditional inputs like joysticks, buttons, and triggers.


=== Build Quality ===
The Index is also compatible with the controllers from the [[HTC Vive]] and [[HTC Vive Pro]], providing flexibility for users upgrading from these systems or those who prefer the traditional controller design for certain applications.<ref name="wikipedia" />
Premium construction:
* Aluminum and plastic housing
* Fabric-covered facial interface
* Robust build for enthusiast use
* High-quality materials throughout


=== Head Strap ===
For more specialized input, the Index is compatible with a variety of third-party [[SteamVR]] tracking devices, including:
Integrated halo-style design:
* Vive Trackers for full-body tracking
* Rear dial for fit adjustment
* Third-party driving and flight simulator controls
* Top strap for weight distribution
* Specialized controller accessories<ref name="valve_website" />
* Comfortable for extended sessions
* Quick donning and doffing


=== Facial Interface ===
==Accessories==
* Removable foam padding
The [[Valve Index]] supports various accessories to enhance the VR experience:
* Magnetic attachment
* Replaceable (multiple sizes available)
* Wide face gasket included


=== Cables ===
* Replacement Face Gaskets - Valve sells replacement facial interfaces with cushions in 2-packs ($39.99).
* 5-meter tether cable
* VR Covers - Third-party facial interface covers and replacements for improved comfort and hygiene.
* Proprietary connector at headset
* Prescription Lens Adapters - For users who wear glasses.
* DisplayPort 1.2 + USB 3.0 + 12V power
* Cable Management Solutions - Overhead pulley systems to manage the headset's cable.
* Breakaway connection at headset for safety
* Controller Grips - Additional grips and protective covers for the controllers.
* Frunk Accessories - USB devices that connect to the front expansion port.
* Storage Cases - Travel and storage cases for the complete system.<ref name="tomshardware">https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/valve-index-vr-headset-controllers,6205.html</ref>


== Connectivity ==
==Software==
The [[Valve Index]] operates using [[SteamVR]], Valve's virtual reality platform. Users can purchase games and applications through the [[Steam]] store, which offers a vast library of VR content.


=== PC Requirements ===
The Index is also compatible with content from [[Viveport]], HTC's VR content platform, providing additional options for applications and games.<ref name="valve_website" />
Demanding specifications for full performance:
* '''Minimum GPU''': NVIDIA GTX 970 / AMD RX 480
* '''Recommended GPU''': NVIDIA GTX 1070+
* '''For 144Hz''': High-end GPU recommended (RTX 2080+)
* '''DisplayPort 1.2''': Required (HDMI adapters not supported)
* '''USB 3.0''': For data transmission


=== SteamVR Platform ===
Valve's [[Half-Life: Alyx]] was developed specifically with the Index in mind and is included free with the purchase of Index hardware. This critically acclaimed game showcases the capabilities of the Index controllers, with fine-grained interactions made possible by the finger tracking technology.<ref name="wikipedia" />
Deeply integrated with Steam:
* Native SteamVR runtime
* OpenXR support
* Automatic software updates
* Workshop content support
* Linux support (native)


== Full Kit Contents ==
==Developer Support==
Developers interested in creating content for the [[Valve Index]] can access resources through the [https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Main_Page Valve Developer Community]. Valve provides documentation and examples for utilizing the unique features of the Index, including:


{| class="wikitable"
* SteamVR Input System for controller integration
|-
* Finger tracking implementation guidelines
! Component !! Contents
* High refresh rate optimization techniques
|-
* Audio design considerations for the off-ear speakers
| Headset || Index HMD with integrated audio
|-
| Controllers || 2× Index Controllers with straps
|-
| Base Stations || 2× SteamVR Base Station 2.0
|-
| Accessories || Power adapters, USB cables, wall mounts
|}


== Modular Purchase Options ==
A dedicated Input Binding UI within SteamVR allows users to customize controller mappings for games and applications that don't natively support the Index Controllers.<ref name="valve_website" />


{| class="wikitable"
==Performance and Reviews==
|-
The [[Valve Index]] has been widely praised for its high-quality displays, comfortable design, and innovative controllers. Critics have noted several standout features:
! Configuration !! Price (2019 launch) !! Use Case
|-
| Full Kit || $999 || New VR setup
|-
| Headset + Controllers || $749 || Upgrading from Vive
|-
| Headset Only || $499 || Using existing controllers
|-
| Controllers (pair) || $279 || Upgrading from Vive wands
|-
| Base Station (single) || $149 || Additional tracking coverage
|}


== Wireless Adapter ==
* The high refresh rate (especially at 120Hz and 144Hz) provides exceptionally smooth motion.
* The wider field of view offers a more immersive experience than most competing headsets.
* The off-ear speakers provide excellent audio quality while maintaining awareness of the surroundings.
* The finger tracking controllers enable more natural interactions in supported applications.<ref name="verge_review" />


Third-party wireless solution available:
Some reviewers have pointed out limitations:
* '''Manufacturer''': TPCast (HTC/Valve endorsed)
* The high price makes it less accessible than more mainstream options.
* '''Technology''': 60GHz wireless transmission
* The wired connection limits mobility compared to standalone headsets.
* '''Latency''': Minor increase over wired
* The external base stations require more setup than inside-out tracking solutions.
* '''Battery''': External battery pack
* The full resolution and refresh rate capabilities demand a powerful PC.<ref name="tomshardware" />
* Not officially from Valve


== Market Position ==
Despite these limitations, the Index is generally considered one of the premium VR experiences available for PC users, particularly for those who prioritize visual fidelity and tracking precision.<ref name="verge_review" />


=== Steam VR Hardware Survey ===
==Images==
As of January 2025: 13.2% of SteamVR users use Valve Index
* Premium segment leader
* Popular among VR enthusiasts
* Strong sim racing and enthusiast community


=== Competition ===
==Future Developments==
Positioned against:
In February 2021, Valve registered patents for a new VR headset, indicating ongoing development in the VR hardware space. These patents described various improvements over the current [[Valve Index]] design, suggesting that Valve continues to invest in VR technology advancement.<ref name="wikipedia" />
* Meta Quest (different market segment)
* HP Reverb G2 (resolution-focused)
* Pimax headsets (FOV-focused)
* Bigscreen Beyond (comfort-focused)


== Technical Specifications Summary ==
==History==
 
* February 2017: First prototypes of "Knuckles" controllers demonstrated.
{| class="wikitable"
* June 2018: "Moondust" tech demo released to showcase controller capabilities.
|-
* March 2019: Images and preliminary information leaked via Valve's website.
! Specification !! Details
* April 30, 2019: [[Valve Index]] officially unveiled with full specifications.
|-
* May 1, 2019: Pre-orders opened for the Index.
| Display || Dual LCD, 1440 × 1600 per eye
* June 28, 2019: First shipments began to customers.
|-
* November 2019: [[Half-Life: Alyx]] announced, included free with Index hardware.
| Total Resolution || 2880 × 1600 (RGB)
* March 2020: [[Half-Life: Alyx]] released, driving increased demand for the Index.
|-
* January 2020: Index sold out in most regions due to high demand.
| Refresh Rate || 80/90/120/144Hz
* February 2021: Valve files patents for new VR headset design.<ref name="wikipedia" /><ref name="inverse">https://www.inverse.com/article/54708-valve-index-vr-headset-release-date-price-specs-steam</ref>
|-
| Field of View || 108° typical (up to 130°)
|-
| Tracking || SteamVR 2.0 (outside-in)
|-
| Controllers || Index Controllers with finger tracking
|-
| Audio || Near-field speakers (off-ear)
|-
| IPD || 58-70mm (mechanical)
|-
| Weight || 809g
|-
| Connection || DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0, 12V DC
|-
| Price || $999 (Full Kit)
|}


== See Also ==
==Images==
* [[Valve Corporation]]
<gallery mode="packed">
* [[SteamVR]]
File:valve index27.jpeg
* [[HTC Vive]]
File:valve index25.jpeg
* [[Lighthouse Tracking]]
File:valve index24.jpeg
* [[PC VR]]
File:valve index23.jpeg
* [[Half-Life: Alyx]]
File:valve index22.jpeg
File:valve index21.jpeg
File:valve index19.jpg
File:valve index18.jpg
File:valve index17.jpg
File:valve index16.jpg
File:valve index15.jpg
File:valve index14.jpg
File:valve index13.jpg
File:valve index12.jpg
File:valve index11.jpg
File:valve index5.png
File:valve index4.png
File:valve index3.png
File:valve index2.png
File:valve index1.png
File:valve index28.jpg
</gallery>


== References ==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references>
<ref name="valve_website">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index</ref>
<ref name="valve_headset">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/headset</ref>
<ref name="valve_controllers">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/controllers</ref>
<ref name="valve_basestations">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/base-stations</ref>
<ref name="verge_review">https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/28/19102584/valve-index-steamvr-headset-review-shipping-today</ref>
<ref name="verge_pricing">https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/30/18524167/valve-index-vr-headset-price-pre-order-date</ref>
<ref name="tomshardware">https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/valve-index-vr-headset-controllers,6205.html</ref>
<ref name="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_Index</ref>
<ref name="steam_support">https://help.steampowered.com/en/faqs/view/339C-BC5C-3D89-53D9</ref>
<ref name="vive_website">https://www.vive.com/us/support/vive-pro/category_howto/tips-for-setting-up-the-base-stations.html</ref>
<ref name="steam_community">https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2985037346</ref>
<ref name="lighthouse_article">https://mixed-news.com/en/valves-lighthouse-tracking-system-how-it-started-where-its-going/</ref>
<ref name="inverse">https://www.inverse.com/article/54708-valve-index-vr-headset-release-date-price-specs-steam</ref>
</references>


[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:VR Headsets]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Devices]]
[[Category:Head-mounted displays]]
[[Category:High-End VR]]
[[Category:PC VR]]
[[Category:PC VR]]
[[Category:Valve]]
[[Category:SteamVR Compatible]]
[[Category:SteamVR]]
[[Category:2010s VR]]

Latest revision as of 10:33, 8 January 2026

Valve Index
Basic Info
VR/AR Virtual Reality
Type Head-mounted display
Subtype PC-Powered VR
Platform SteamVR
Creator Valve
Developer Valve
Manufacturer Valve
Announcement Date April 30, 2019
Release Date June 28, 2019
Price $999 (Full Kit), $749 (Headset + Controllers), $499 (Headset only), $279 (Controllers only), $149 (Base Station only)
Website https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index
Versions Valve Index (2019)
Requires Windows 10, SteamOS, or Linux; NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 / AMD RX 480 or better
Predecessor HTC Vive
System
Operating System Windows 10, SteamOS, Linux
CPU Dual Core with hyperthreading, or better
GPU NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970, AMD RX480, or better
Storage
Memory 8 GB+
SD Card Slot No
Display
Display Dual 1440×1600 RGB LCD panels
Subpixel Layout Full RGB
Resolution 2880×1600 (combined)
Refresh Rate 80/90/120/144Hz
Persistence 0.330ms to 0.530ms (varies with refresh rate)
Image
Field of View ~130 degrees (diagonal)
Horizontal FoV ~108 degrees
Foveated Rendering No
Optics
Optics Double element, canted Fresnel lens design
IPD Range 58mm - 70mm (physical adjustment)
Adjustable Diopter No
Passthrough Stereo pass-through via front cameras
Tracking
Tracking SteamVR Tracking, (Lighthouse 2.0)
Tracking Frequency 100Hz laser sweep
Base Stations Up to 4 supported
Eye Tracking No
Face Tracking No
Hand Tracking Via controllers (finger tracking)
Body Tracking No (compatible with third-party trackers)
Rotational Tracking 6 DOF
Positional Tracking 6 DOF
Tracking Volume Up to 10m × 10m with 4 base stations
Play Space Up to 10m × 10m
Audio
Audio Built-in: 37.5mm off-ear Balanced Mode Radiators (BMR)
Microphone Dual Microphone Array
3.5mm Audio Jack Yes
Camera Stereo 960 × 960 pixel, global shutter, RGB (Bayer)
Connectivity
Connectivity USB 3.0, DisplayPort 1.2
Ports USB-C (expansion/accessory port)
Wired Video DisplayPort 1.2
Wireless Video No
WiFi No
Bluetooth No
Power 12V DC
Battery Capacity N/A (wired)
Battery Life N/A (wired)
Charge Time N/A (wired)
Device
Weight 809g (1.78 lbs)
Headstrap Adjustable rigid headstrap with rear adjustment dial
Haptics Via controllers
Color Black
Sensors Accelerometer, Gyroscope
Input Valve Index Controllers (included)
Cable Length 5m (16.4 ft)

The Valve Index is an HMD offered by Valve Corporation, the company behind the popular gaming platform Steam. Released in 2019, the Index represents Valve's entry into the high-end virtual reality hardware market with their own branded headset, building upon their previous collaboration with HTC on the HTC Vive. The full kit comes with a headset, two controllers, and two base stations. The headset requires a connection to a PC, and features high-resolution displays, innovative off-ear audio solution, and a wide field of view. The controllers, originally known as "Knuckles" during development, enable individual finger tracking through capacitive sensors and force detection. The base stations utilize the Lighthouse tracking system, an enhancement to the system previously used by the HTC Vive.[1][2]

Overview

The Valve Index is a high-end virtual reality system developed and manufactured entirely by Valve Corporation. It was designed with fidelity as a priority, focusing on delivering superior visual quality, comfort, and intuitive interaction. The system consists of three main components that can be purchased separately or as a complete kit: the headset, the controllers, and the base stations.[1]

Key Features

  • High-resolution dual 1440×1600 LCD displays with full RGB subpixel array
  • Up to 144Hz refresh rate, providing smooth motion
  • Wide ~130° field of view
  • Physical IPD adjustment (58-70mm range)
  • Innovative off-ear audio solution with BMR drivers
  • Advanced controllers with finger tracking and pressure sensitivity
  • Front expansion port ("Frunk") with USB 3.0 for modders and developers
  • Stereo RGB cameras for computer vision and mixed reality applications
  • Compatible with SteamVR 2.0 and 1.0 base stations[1][3]

Release and Pricing

The Valve Index was officially announced on April 30, 2019, and began shipping on June 28, 2019. The system's launch came shortly after the releases of the Oculus Quest and Oculus Rift S.[4]

The Index was positioned as a premium VR solution, with pricing options as follows:

Valve Index Pricing (USD)
Package Price
Complete Kit (Headset, Controllers, Base Stations) $999
Headset + Controllers $749
Headset Only $499
Controllers Only (Pair) $279
Base Station (Each) $149

The Valve Index is available for purchase through Steam and can be shipped to the United States, Canada, and countries within the European Union.[5]

In 2020, with the announcement and subsequent release of Half-Life: Alyx, Valve's flagship VR game, demand for the Index surged dramatically. The game was included free with all Index hardware purchases. By January 2020, the Index was sold out in all 31 available countries except Japan.[3]

Hardware

Headset

The Valve Index headset features dual 1440×1600 LCD displays, providing a combined resolution of 2880×1600 pixels. Unlike many other VR headsets that use OLED displays, the Index utilizes LCD panels with a full RGB subpixel array, which reduces the "screen door effect" commonly seen in VR. The displays support variable refresh rates of 80Hz, 90Hz, 120Hz, and an experimental 144Hz mode, with extremely low persistence (0.330ms at 144Hz) to reduce motion blur.[3]

The headset's optics consist of a custom double-element design with canted (angled) Fresnel lenses. This configuration maximizes the field of view while maintaining edge-to-edge clarity. The Index offers approximately 108° horizontal field of view, which is wider than most competing headsets.[3][6]

For user comfort, the Index includes a physical interpupillary distance (IPD) adjustment mechanism with a range of 58-70mm, accommodating a wide variety of users. The adjustment is performed via a slider located beneath the displays.

The headset's facial interface features premium antimicrobial microfiber cushioning attached via magnets for easy replacement. Valve has published specifications for the face gasket, enabling third-party manufacturers to develop aftermarket solutions.[6]

One of the Index's standout features is its audio solution. The headset includes "off-ear" speakers that don't touch the user's ears, using 37.5mm Balanced Mode Radiator (BMR) drivers. This design provides a more natural audio experience while keeping ears cool during extended play sessions. The headset also includes a 3.5mm audio jack for users who prefer their own audio solution, as well as a dual microphone array for voice communication.[6]

The front of the headset houses dual RGB cameras (960×960 pixels each) with global shutter sensors. These cameras enable developers to create computer vision applications and provide users with a high-quality stereo pass-through view of their surroundings.[6]

For tinkerers and developers, the Index includes a front compartment dubbed the "Frunk," which houses a USB 3.0 Type-A port specifically designed for experimental attachments and modifications.[6]

Controllers

The Valve Index Controllers, previously known during development as "Knuckles," represent a significant advancement in VR input devices. Unlike traditional VR controllers that must be gripped continuously, the Index Controllers are secured to the user's hands with adjustable straps, allowing users to completely release their grip without dropping the controllers.[7]

Each controller features 87 sensors that work together to track hand position, finger position, motion, and pressure. These sensors enable individual finger tracking, allowing for natural gestures and interactions in VR. The controllers continuously recalibrate to adapt to different hand sizes and changing skin capacitance.[7]

The Index Controllers include a variety of traditional input methods:

  • Analog thumbstick
  • Trackpad with force sensor
  • Two face buttons (A/B)
  • System button
  • Trigger with force sensor
  • Grip force sensor
  • Finger tracking sensors[7]

The controllers are powered by internal rechargeable batteries with a usage time of approximately 7 hours, and can be charged via USB-C connectors. They feature capacitive grip and button sensors, enabling the system to detect which fingers are touching the controller and which are raised, providing a more intuitive way to interact with virtual objects.[7]

A 2018 tech demo titled "Moondust" was released to showcase the capabilities of an early version of the Knuckles controllers, demonstrating the precise finger tracking and pressure sensitivity.[3]

Valve Index Controllers Specifications
Feature Specification
Input Methods Thumbstick, Trackpad, A/B Buttons, System Button, Trigger, Grip
Sensors 87 sensors per controller for position, motion, and pressure
Tracking 6 DOF via Lighthouse system
Battery 7+ hours per charge (rechargeable)
Charging USB-C
Haptics HD haptics
Strap Adjustable at three points, antimicrobial fabric
Weight Approximately 198g per controller

Base Stations

The Valve Index utilizes Valve's Lighthouse 2.0 tracking system, which provides high-precision, sub-millimeter position tracking. The system uses external base stations that emit invisible infrared laser patterns to track the headset and controllers.[8]

The Lighthouse 2.0 base stations improve upon the previous generation with:

  • Wider 150° field of view
  • Improved range
  • Support for up to four base stations in a single setup (vs. two in the original system)
  • Simplified design (single rotor vs. dual rotor in 1.0)
  • No sync cable requirement between base stations[8][9]

Each base station sweeps infrared laser beams across the play area 100 times per second, which are detected by photosensors on the headset and controllers. This allows the system to precisely track the position and orientation of all devices in 3D space.[8]

The tracking system can support a play area of up to 10m × 10m (approximately 33ft × 33ft) when using four base stations. For optimal tracking performance, base stations should be mounted above head height and positioned to maximize visibility of the tracked devices.[10]

Valve Index Base Stations are compatible with other SteamVR 2.0 tracking devices, including the HTC Vive Pro. Additionally, the Index headset and controllers are backward compatible with the original Lighthouse 1.0 base stations used by the original HTC Vive.[8]

System Requirements

To use the Valve Index, a PC meeting the following minimum specifications is required:

Valve Index System Requirements
Component Minimum Recommended
Operating System Windows 10, SteamOS, Linux Windows 10, SteamOS, Linux
Processor Dual Core with Hyperthreading Quad Core+
Memory 8 GB RAM 8 GB+ RAM
Graphics NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 / AMD RX 480 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 or better
Ports DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0 DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0
Additional Additional USB port required for camera passthrough -

To achieve the maximum 10m × 10m play space, four base stations are required. Users can also use the base stations that come with the HTC Vive instead of purchasing additional Valve Index base stations, although this would limit the play space to the capabilities of the Lighthouse 1.0 system.[11]

Setup

Unlike standalone HMDs like the Oculus Quest, the Valve Index requires proper setup of base stations to track the user's movements. The setup process involves:

1. Mounting the base stations in opposite corners of the play area, ideally above head height (at least 2m/6.5ft). 2. Adjusting the base stations to point toward the center of the play area. 3. Connecting the headset to the PC via DisplayPort and USB. 4. Running the SteamVR setup process to define the play area boundaries. 5. Pairing and calibrating the controllers.[10]

For optimal tracking performance, the base stations should be positioned to maximize visibility of the headset and controllers during use. Reflective surfaces in the play area may interfere with tracking and should be covered if possible.[11]

Input Devices

The primary input devices for the Valve Index are the Index Controllers, which come with the full kit. These controllers feature individual finger tracking, pressure sensitivity, and traditional inputs like joysticks, buttons, and triggers.

The Index is also compatible with the controllers from the HTC Vive and HTC Vive Pro, providing flexibility for users upgrading from these systems or those who prefer the traditional controller design for certain applications.[3]

For more specialized input, the Index is compatible with a variety of third-party SteamVR tracking devices, including:

  • Vive Trackers for full-body tracking
  • Third-party driving and flight simulator controls
  • Specialized controller accessories[1]

Accessories

The Valve Index supports various accessories to enhance the VR experience:

  • Replacement Face Gaskets - Valve sells replacement facial interfaces with cushions in 2-packs ($39.99).
  • VR Covers - Third-party facial interface covers and replacements for improved comfort and hygiene.
  • Prescription Lens Adapters - For users who wear glasses.
  • Cable Management Solutions - Overhead pulley systems to manage the headset's cable.
  • Controller Grips - Additional grips and protective covers for the controllers.
  • Frunk Accessories - USB devices that connect to the front expansion port.
  • Storage Cases - Travel and storage cases for the complete system.[12]

Software

The Valve Index operates using SteamVR, Valve's virtual reality platform. Users can purchase games and applications through the Steam store, which offers a vast library of VR content.

The Index is also compatible with content from Viveport, HTC's VR content platform, providing additional options for applications and games.[1]

Valve's Half-Life: Alyx was developed specifically with the Index in mind and is included free with the purchase of Index hardware. This critically acclaimed game showcases the capabilities of the Index controllers, with fine-grained interactions made possible by the finger tracking technology.[3]

Developer Support

Developers interested in creating content for the Valve Index can access resources through the Valve Developer Community. Valve provides documentation and examples for utilizing the unique features of the Index, including:

  • SteamVR Input System for controller integration
  • Finger tracking implementation guidelines
  • High refresh rate optimization techniques
  • Audio design considerations for the off-ear speakers

A dedicated Input Binding UI within SteamVR allows users to customize controller mappings for games and applications that don't natively support the Index Controllers.[1]

Performance and Reviews

The Valve Index has been widely praised for its high-quality displays, comfortable design, and innovative controllers. Critics have noted several standout features:

  • The high refresh rate (especially at 120Hz and 144Hz) provides exceptionally smooth motion.
  • The wider field of view offers a more immersive experience than most competing headsets.
  • The off-ear speakers provide excellent audio quality while maintaining awareness of the surroundings.
  • The finger tracking controllers enable more natural interactions in supported applications.[2]

Some reviewers have pointed out limitations:

  • The high price makes it less accessible than more mainstream options.
  • The wired connection limits mobility compared to standalone headsets.
  • The external base stations require more setup than inside-out tracking solutions.
  • The full resolution and refresh rate capabilities demand a powerful PC.[12]

Despite these limitations, the Index is generally considered one of the premium VR experiences available for PC users, particularly for those who prioritize visual fidelity and tracking precision.[2]

Images

Future Developments

In February 2021, Valve registered patents for a new VR headset, indicating ongoing development in the VR hardware space. These patents described various improvements over the current Valve Index design, suggesting that Valve continues to invest in VR technology advancement.[3]

History

  • February 2017: First prototypes of "Knuckles" controllers demonstrated.
  • June 2018: "Moondust" tech demo released to showcase controller capabilities.
  • March 2019: Images and preliminary information leaked via Valve's website.
  • April 30, 2019: Valve Index officially unveiled with full specifications.
  • May 1, 2019: Pre-orders opened for the Index.
  • June 28, 2019: First shipments began to customers.
  • November 2019: Half-Life: Alyx announced, included free with Index hardware.
  • March 2020: Half-Life: Alyx released, driving increased demand for the Index.
  • January 2020: Index sold out in most regions due to high demand.
  • February 2021: Valve files patents for new VR headset design.[3][13]

Images

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/28/19102584/valve-index-steamvr-headset-review-shipping-today
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_Index
  4. ↑ https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/30/18524167/valve-index-vr-headset-price-pre-order-date
  5. ↑ https://help.steampowered.com/en/faqs/view/339C-BC5C-3D89-53D9
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/headset
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/controllers
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/base-stations
  9. ↑ https://mixed-news.com/en/valves-lighthouse-tracking-system-how-it-started-where-its-going/
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2985037346
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 https://www.vive.com/us/support/vive-pro/category_howto/tips-for-setting-up-the-base-stations.html
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/valve-index-vr-headset-controllers,6205.html
  13. ↑ https://www.inverse.com/article/54708-valve-index-vr-headset-release-date-price-specs-steam
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