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{{Device Infobox
{{Device Infobox
|image=
|image=[[File:apple vision pro1.jpg|350px]]
|VR/AR=[[Virtual Reality]], [[Augmented Reality]]
|VR/AR=[[Virtual Reality]]
|Type=[[Head-mounted display]]
|Type=[[Head-mounted display]]
|Subtype=[[Integrated HMD]]
|Subtype=[[Integrated HMD]]
Line 8: Line 7:
|Creator=[[Apple]]
|Creator=[[Apple]]
|Developer=[[Apple]]
|Developer=[[Apple]]
|Manufacturer=
|Manufacturer=Apple
|Operating System=[[visionOS]]
|Operating System=[[visionOS]]
|Versions=
|Versions=visionOS 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 2.4 (upcoming)
|Requires=
|Requires=
|Predecessor=
|Predecessor=
|Successor=
|Successor=
|CPU=5nm SoC
|CPU=Apple M2 (5nm SoC)
|GPU=5nm SoC
|GPU=10-core GPU (part of M2)
|HPU=
|HPU=Apple R1 (spatial coprocessor)
|Memory=5nm SoC
|Memory=16GB unified memory
|Storage=
|Storage=256GB, 512GB, or 1TB
|Display=Dual Micro OLED
|Display=Dual Micro-OLED
|Resolution=4k per eye
|Resolution=3660 × 3200 pixels per eye (23 million total pixels)
|Pixel Density=
|Pixel Density=3386 PPI per eye
|Refresh Rate=
|Refresh Rate=90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz
|Persistence=
|Persistence=
|Precision=
|Precision=
|Field of View=120 degrees
|Field of View=Approximately 100-120 degrees
|Optics=
|Optics=Pancake lenses
|IPD Range=Automatic
|IPD Range=51-75mm (automatic adjustment)
|Tracking=Hands, Eyes, Face, Legs?
|Tracking=Eye tracking, hand tracking, face tracking, room mapping
|Rotational Tracking=
|Rotational Tracking=Yes
|Positional Tracking=
|Positional Tracking=6DoF
|Update Rate=
|Update Rate=12ms photon-to-photon latency
|Tracking Volume=
|Tracking Volume=Room-scale
|Play Space=
|Play Space=
|Latency=
|Latency=12ms
|Audio=
|Audio=Spatial Audio pods with dynamic head tracking
|Camera=
|Camera=Stereoscopic 3D main camera system (6.5MP)
|Sensors=LiDAR
|Sensors=Two high-resolution main cameras, six world-facing tracking cameras, four eye-tracking cameras, TrueDepth camera, LiDAR Scanner, four inertial measurement units (IMUs), flicker sensor, ambient light sensor
|Input=
|Input=Eye tracking, hand gestures, voice
|Connectivity=
|Connectivity=Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.3
|Power=Waist-mounted battery
|Power=External battery pack connected via cable
|Battery Life=2 Hours
|Battery Life=2 hours (general use), 2.5 hours (video playback)
|Weight=
|Weight=600-650g (headset only), 353g (battery)
|Size=
|Size=
|Cable Length=
|Cable Length=
|Release Date=
|Release Date=February 2, 2024 (US), July 12, 2024 (UK, Canada, Australia, others)
|Price=
|Price=$3,499 (256GB), $3,699 (512GB), $3,899 (1TB)
|Website=
|Website=https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/
}}
}}
[[Apple]] is working on a headset with [[virtual reality]] ([[VR]]) and [[augmented reality]] ([[AR]]) capabilities. While the company hasn't confirmed it officially, it has been heavily rumored and seems probable that it will be revealed in 2023 <ref name=”1”> Rice-Jones, J (2022). Apple VR headset: release date, features, and price. ''KnowTechie''. https://knowtechie.com/apple-vr-headset-release-date-features-and-price/</ref> <ref name=”2”> MacRumours Staff (2022). Apple Glasses. ''MacRumors''. https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/apple-glasses/</ref>. The [[mixed reality]] ([[MR]]) headset is expected to be in line with current [[VR headsets]] albeit with several cameras and sensors that provide bonus functionality. According to Bloomberg, several names have been suggested for this new headset such as Reality One, Reality Pro, and Reality Processor. These trademarked names might not apply to the final product but they have, nevertheless, been giving way to speculation about different [[VR]] and [[AR]] device models <ref name=”3”> Pritchard, T (2022). Apple VR/AR headset - everything we know so far. ''Tom's Guide''. https://www.tomsguide.com/news/apple-vr-and-mixed-reality-headset-release-date-price-specs-and-leaks</ref>. 


One of those other related products could be what has been called the [[Apple Glass]], see-through lenses that will provide a fully AR experience. According to the available information, they would be a lightweight pair of glasses able to project imagery and information onto the real world <ref name=”2”></ref> <ref name=”3”></ref>. Tim Cook, Apple’s CEO, has mentioned that AR has more potential than VR on the long-term. This product, however, is expected to become reality after Apple’s VR/AR headset since current VR technology is more mature and easier to produce <ref name=”4”> Apple Insider. Apple VR. ''Apple Insider''. https://appleinsider.com/inside/apple-vr</ref>. The name Apple Glass most likely won’t be used for the final product due to its association with [[Google Glass]]. A possible release date for this device in 2025 has been rumored <ref name=”1”></ref> <ref name=”5”> Blake, A (2022). Apple mixed-reality headset: Everything we know about Apple's VR headset. ''Digital Trends''. https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/apple-mixed-reality-headset-rumors-news-price-release-date/</ref>.
The '''Apple Vision Pro''' is a [[virtual reality]] ([[VR]]) [[head-mounted display]] developed and released by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]. It was announced at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 5, 2023, and released in the United States on February 2, 2024, with international availability following in July 2024. Apple markets the device as a "[[spatial computer]]" rather than a traditional [[VR headset]], emphasizing its ability to blend digital content with the physical world.


Apparently, the intent of Apple’s headset is for short trips into VR, with users being able to use the headset for communication and viewing content and gaming but not as a constant all-immersive experience <ref name=”3”></ref>. The headset will have as its main feature mixed reality, including several external cameras to provide features like hand-tracking and gesture control. Some reports claim that games are not a priority for Apple’s VR/AR headset <ref name=”2”></ref> <ref name=”3”></ref>.
The Vision Pro features a distinctive design with a curved front glass panel, aluminum frame, and uses [[eye tracking]], [[hand gestures]], and [[voice command]]s as its primary [[input methods]]. It runs on [[visionOS]], Apple's operating system specifically designed for [[spatial computing]]. With a starting price of $3,499, the Vision Pro is positioned as a premium device in the [[virtual reality]] market.


After the release of Apple’s first headset, a cheaper version is expected to be launched, with less features than the premium model. If true, Apple would have two headsets with different price points focused on mixed reality and the Apple lenses for augmented reality. This line of products could be a game-changer for the headset industry, inspiring a new wave of demands and products on the VR and AR space <ref name=”1”></ref> <ref name=”3”></ref>.
==History and Development==
The development of Apple Vision Pro reportedly began in 2016, representing the culmination of years of AR/VR research at Apple<ref name="forbes">Phelan, D. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Long-Term Review: Why Now Is A Great Time To Jump On Board. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidphelan/2024/08/16/apple-vision-pro-long-term-review-why-now-is-a-great-time-to-jump-on-board/</ref>. Prior to its announcement, the device was the subject of numerous rumors and reports, with speculation about Apple's entry into the [[mixed reality]] space dating back several years<ref name="knowtechie">Rice-Jones, J (2022). Apple VR headset: release date, features, and price. KnowTechie. https://knowtechie.com/apple-vr-headset-release-date-features-and-price/</ref> <ref name="macrumors">MacRumours Staff (2022). Apple Glasses. MacRumors. https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/apple-glasses/</ref>.


==Release date and price==
Apple CEO Tim Cook had previously expressed that AR had more long-term potential than VR, and the Vision Pro's eventual design as a mixed reality headset reflects this vision<ref name="appleinsider">Apple Insider. Apple VR. Apple Insider. https://appleinsider.com/inside/apple-vr</ref>. The device was officially unveiled at WWDC 2023, where Cook described it as "the beginning of a new era for computing" and "the first Apple product you look through, not at."


While, initially, some were expecting the headset’s reveal and release date information during Apple’s 2022 Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), such did not occur. Nevertheless, references to a headset on the beta versions of iOS 16 indicate that a release date is not far away <ref name=”5”></ref>.
Following its announcement, the Vision Pro was released in the United States on February 2, 2024, with initial availability limited to Apple Stores where customers could receive a personalized fitting. International release followed on July 12, 2024, with availability in the UK, Canada, Australia, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea.


All information available hints that 2023 should be the release year for Apple’s new device, with some suggesting January for the announcement and the product launch during the second quarter of 2023 <ref name=”3”></ref> <ref name=”5”></ref> <ref name=”6”> Priday, R (2022). Apple VR/AR headset, 15-inch Macbook Air, HomePod 2 and more could arrive in 2023. ''Tom's Guide''. https://www.tomsguide.com/news/apple-vrar-headset-15-inch-macbook-air-homepod-2-and-more-could-arrive-in-2023</ref>.
==Design and Hardware==
[[File:apple vision pro4.jpg|350px|right]]
===Physical Design===
The Apple Vision Pro features a distinctive design with a curved, laminated glass front panel and an aluminum alloy frame. The headset uses a modular design with several components that can be customized to fit individual users:


Several price points have been proposed, from $2000 to $3000, seemingly indicating that the first-generation model will be a product aimed at industry use <ref name=”5”></ref> <ref name=”7”> McMillan, M (2022). Apple AR-VR headset just tipped for January launch - and it could be $2,000. ''Tom's Guide''. https://www.tomsguide.com/news/apple-arvr-headset-just-tipped-for-january-launch-and-it-could-be-dollar2000</ref>.
* Light Seal: A flexible component that conforms to the user's face to prevent light leakage
* Light Seal Cushion: A cushioned attachment for comfort
* Head bands: Two options included - Solo Knit Band and Dual Loop Band


==Design and specifications==
Unlike most VR headsets, the Vision Pro uses an external battery pack connected via a cable to the left temple of the headset. This design choice reduces the weight on the user's head but means the device must always be tethered to its battery during use. The headset weighs between 600-650g depending on configuration, with the separate battery weighing an additional 353g<ref name="specs">Apple. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Technical Specifications. https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/specs/</ref>.


[[File:AppleVR-AR.png|thumb|Figure 1: Apple’s mixed reality headset concept design. Creator: Antonio de Rosa]]
The device includes two physical controls: a Digital Crown similar to that found on the [[Apple Watch]], which controls the level of immersion and acts as a home button, and a top button used for taking spatial photos and videos<ref name="tomsguide">Spoonauer, M. (2025). Apple Vision Pro review: A revolution in progress. Tom's Guide. https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/smart-glasses/apple-vision-pro-review</ref>.


[[File:Apple MR side view.png|thumb|Figure 2: Side view of Apple’s mixed reality headset (concept design). Creator: Ian Zelbo]]
===Display Technology===
The Vision Pro uses dual [[micro-OLED display]]s with a combined 23 million pixels (approximately 3660 × 3200 pixels per eye). With a pixel density of 3386 PPI, these displays effectively eliminate the "screen door effect" common in many VR headsets<ref name="uploadvr">Heaney, D. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Full Specs, Features & Details. UploadVR. https://www.uploadvr.com/apple-vision-pro-specs/</ref>.


Since it is expected that it will be a mixed reality headset, combining VR and AR, the proposed designs are of a full wraparound set using straps that look similar to those on the Apple Watch Sport Band (figures 1 and 2). Also, different weights have been suggested for the headset going from as little as 150 grams (0.33 pounds) to between 300 and 400 grams (0.66 - 0.88 pounds). It has also been rumored that it will be a wireless device, giving the user complete freedom to move around without being disturbed by cables <ref name=”1”></ref> <ref name=”2”></ref> <ref name=”3”></ref> <ref name=”5”></ref>.
The displays support variable [[refresh rate]]s of 90Hz, 96Hz, and 100Hz, with the system automatically selecting the appropriate rate based on content. For example, when watching 24 FPS movies, the screen runs at 96Hz to display each movie frame for exactly three display frames<ref name="uploadvr"></ref>. The displays support various HDR formats including Dolby Vision, HDR10, and HLG.


To achieve the augmented reality side of the dual nature headset, cameras will be needed to capture the outside world and feed it back to the user. Reports have given a number of up to 12 cameras and lidar sensors mounted on the device. However, this number as changed to 14 and then 15 cameras as new reports and information have been made available <ref name=”1”></ref> <ref name=”5”></ref>. According to Digital Trends, from the 15 cameras, 8 would be for AR, “one for environmental detection, and six for ‘innovative biometrics' <ref name=”5”></ref>.”
===Processing Power===
The Vision Pro is powered by two custom Apple chips:


===Resolution===
* Apple M2: An 8-core CPU with 4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores, featuring a 10-core GPU and 16-core Neural Engine with 16GB of unified memory
* Apple R1: A dedicated spatial coprocessor with 256GB/s memory bandwidth that processes input from the cameras and sensors with just 12 milliseconds of photon-to-photon latency


Journalistic reports about the Apple headset have suggested two 8K displays, an unprecedented level of detail when compared to the [[HTC Vive Cosmos Elite]] that has a resolution per eye of 1440 x 1700 <ref name=”3”></ref><ref name=”5”></ref>. This, however, has been contradicted by others that have provided a resolution for the device of 4000 x 4000 for the front-facing lenses <ref name=”3”></ref> <ref name=”5”></ref>. Regarding pixels-per-inch, it seems that there was an increase from the initial report of 2,800 ppi to 3,500 ppi. This came about by Apple asking Samsung Display and LG Display to produce displays with the increased ppi. However, these updated displays are not expected to be used in the first-generation headset <ref name=”8”> Lee, G (2022). Apple request development of 3500ppi OLEDoS to Samsung and LG. ''The Elec''. https://www.thelec.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=4220</ref> <ref name=”9”> Fathi, S (2022). Apple looking to make its AR/VR headsets more immersive with sharper displays. ''MacRumours''. https://www.macrumors.com/2022/09/28/apple-ar-vr-headsets-more-immersive/</ref>.
The combination of these chips enables the Vision Pro to deliver high-performance spatial computing experiences with minimal latency<ref name="specs"></ref>.


Further information reveals that the headset’s front panels will be micro-LED displays with a third panel for peripheral vision being an AMOLED display running at a lower resolution, allowing for a foveated display <ref name=”2”></ref> <ref name=”3”></ref> <ref name=”5”></ref>.
===Cameras and Sensors===


===Prescription lenses===
The Vision Pro incorporates an extensive array of [[camera]]s and [[sensor]]s:


A feature that has been speculated about is to allow users to order custom prescription lenses that could be inserted into the headset. This could be related to a trademarked name by Apple, “Optica” <ref name=”4”></ref> <ref name=”5”></ref>.
* Two high-resolution main cameras for color [[passthrough]]
* Six world-facing [[tracking cameras]] for [[spatial positioning]]
* Four [[eye-tracking]] cameras to monitor eye movements and gaze
* [[TrueDepth camera]] for facial expression tracking
* [[LiDAR Scanner]] for room mapping and depth sensing
* Four [[inertial measurement unit]]s (IMUs)
* Flicker sensor and ambient light sensor


===Refresh rate and chipset===
This sensor array enables the headset's key features, including precise hand and eye tracking, room mapping, and the realistic passthrough view that forms the foundation of its mixed reality capabilities<ref name="specs"></ref>.


There hasn’t been a lot of information about the refresh rate that will be used. Normally, VR headsets aim for 90 Hz or higher in order to minimize lag and motion sickness <ref name=”5”></ref>.
===Audio System===
The Vision Pro features integrated speakers called "[[audio pods]]," each containing two drivers positioned near the user's ears. These deliver spatial audio with dynamic head tracking, creating the impression that sounds are coming from specific locations in the environment.


Regarding the chip that powers the headset, it is expected to be a custom-designed Apple Silicon chip and one of the most advanced and powerful processors. This would be the new M2 chip with 16 GB of RAM. The power would be balanced by the efficiency of Apple’s ARM-based chip architecture which is ideal for compact devices, reducing or nullifying the need for cooling <ref name=”3”></ref> <ref name=”5”></ref>.
The audio system also includes a six-microphone array with directional beamforming for clear voice capture. The headset supports direct connection to AirPods Pro 2 with USB-C and AirPods 4 for private audio<ref name="specs"></ref>.


Digital Trends and The Information have both reported an alternative to the single M2 chip: two chips on the headset with one offering the main computing power and the other managing the device’s sensors <ref name=”3”></ref> <ref name=”6”></ref>.
===Battery and Power===
Unlike most standalone [[VR headsets]], the Vision Pro uses an external battery pack connected via a cable. This battery provides approximately 2 hours of general use or 2.5 hours of video playback. The headset can be used while the battery is charging through its USB-C port, allowing for extended sessions when near a power outlet<ref name="specs"></ref>.


As a power source, Apple’s 96 W adapters will probably be used <ref name=”2”></ref> <ref name=”3”></ref> <ref name=”5”></ref>.
==Software and User Interface==
===visionOS===
[[File:visionos3.jpg|350px|right]]
The Apple Vision Pro runs on [[visionOS]], Apple's operating system specifically designed for spatial computing. visionOS is built on the foundation of other Apple operating systems but optimized for three-dimensional interaction in space. It features a familiar app-based interface with iOS-like icons floating in the user's environment.


===Wi-Fi===
Major versions of visionOS released so far include:


The VR/AR headset is expected to have Wi-Fi 6E instead of the Wi-Fi 6 of the iPhone 13. This would allow for lower latency and transferring large amounts of data. It could also mean that the processing hard-work could be done with a connection to a separate device (Mac or iPhone) without the need for a physical cable <ref name=”3”></ref> <ref name=”5”></ref>.
* visionOS 1.0: Initial release (February 2024)
* visionOS 1.1: Improved Personas and various bugfixes
* visionOS 2.0: Introduced new hand gestures, persistent windows, and other features (September 2024)
* visionOS 2.4: Upcoming release adding Apple Intelligence features (April 2025)


===Hand-tracking===
===Input Methods===
The Vision Pro uses a combination of [[eye tracking]], [[hand gestures]], and [[voice command]]s as its primary input methods:


[[File:Apple watch VR.png|thumb|Figure 3. Apple VR patent showing hand-tracking with two Apple watches. Source: Digital Trends.]]
* [[Eye tracking]]: Users look at interface elements to select them
* [[Hand gestures]]: Primarily using a pinch gesture with thumb and index finger to "click" on items
* [[Voice command]]s: Using Siri or dictation for text input and system control


Different approaches to the hand-tracking system of the headset have been rumored based on patents submitted by Apple. One of such could be a “clothespin-like finger clip” that would serve as the input device. Based on patents, finger-mounted devices could detect movement and provide haptic feedback. Another possibility would be using a pair of Apple Watches, allowing the user to interact with the virtual world using gesture controls (figure 3). However, this tracking system is not likely to be implemented first since Apple watches have a high cost <ref name=”5”></ref>. Other patents mention the use of smart rings to track the movements of the fingers and hands and the ability to detect objects that the user is holding, like an Apple Pencil <ref name=”3”></ref>.
This hands-free interaction model eliminates the need for physical controllers typically associated with VR headsets. The eye tracking system also powers OpticID, an iris-based authentication system similar to Face ID on iPhones<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.


===Operating system===
===Environments===
Vision Pro offers various virtual "Environments" that can replace or blend with the user's real surroundings. These include natural settings like Yosemite National Park, Mount Hood, and Joshua Tree, as well as fantastical locations like the Moon. Users can control the level of immersion by turning the Digital Crown, seamlessly transitioning between full passthrough of the real world and complete immersion in the virtual environment<ref name="wired">Chokkattu, J. (2024). Review: Apple Vision Pro. Wired. https://www.wired.com/review/apple-vision-pro/</ref>.


The operating system for the device seems to be internally called by Apple as [[visionOS]] (extended reality OS). While not much information has been released, rumours suggest that it will include new versions of core apps from the company.
===EyeSight and Persona===
Two unique features of visionOS are [[EyeSight]] and [[Persona]]:
 
* [[EyeSight]]: An external display on the front of the headset that shows a rendering of the user's eyes to people nearby. This display changes based on the user's level of immersion and awareness of their surroundings.
 
* [[Persona]]: A digital avatar created by scanning the user's face, used for video calls and FaceTime when wearing the headset. The system captures facial expressions and eye movements to animate the avatar in real-time<ref name="ign">Macy, S. G. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Review. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/apple-vision-pro-review</ref>.
 
==Features and Capabilities==
===Spatial Computing===
[[File:spatial computing1.jpg|350px|right]]
The Vision Pro excels at "[[spatial computing]]," allowing users to position multiple app windows around their physical space. These windows remain fixed in place as the user moves around, creating a persistent digital workspace overlaid on the real world.
 
A standout feature is Mac Virtual Display, which allows users to view and interact with their Mac's screen through the Vision Pro by simply looking at their MacBook. This creates a large virtual display while still using the Mac's keyboard and trackpad for input<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.
 
===Entertainment===
The Vision Pro offers several immersive entertainment options:
 
* [[3D Movies]]: Access to over 300 3D films through Apple TV+
* [[Apple Immersive Video]]: A new format featuring 180-degree 3D video with 8K resolution
* Immersive Environments for standard video content
* [[Spatial Audio]] for an immersive soundscape
 
The headset can create the experience of watching content on a massive virtual screen, equivalent to a 100-foot display, placed within either the user's real environment or a virtual one<ref name="wired"></ref>.
 
===Spatial Photos and Videos===
The Vision Pro can capture and display spatial (3D) photos and videos:
 
* [[Spatial photos]] can be taken directly using the Vision Pro's built-in cameras
* [[Spatial videos]] can be recorded using either the Vision Pro or an iPhone 15 Pro/Pro Max
* Panoramic photos are displayed in an immersive way that surrounds the user
 
The headset also enhances the viewing of traditional photos and videos by displaying them at a much larger scale than conventional screens<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.
 
===Apps and Games===
{{see also|Apple Vision Pros Apps|Apple Vision Pro Games}}
At launch, the Vision Pro could run over a million compatible iPhone and iPad [[apps]], with a growing number of native visionOS applications specifically designed for spatial computing. As of mid-2024, Apple reported over 2,500 native [[Vision Pro apps]] available<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.
 
Notable spatial computing experiences include:
 
* [[Productivity]] apps that allow multiple virtual screens
* [[Creative tools]] that place 3D models in the user's space
* [[Educational]] experiences like Encounter Dinosaurs that bring lifelike 3D creatures into the real world
* Games that utilize [[hand tracking]] and [[room mapping]] for unique gameplay<ref name="reddit1">u/Nearby-Daikon-6999. (2024). Over 60 Days with Apple Vision Pro - Reflections and Experience - No more hate. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1cq670r/over_60_days_with_apple_vision_pro_reflections/</ref>
 
==Reception==
===Critical Reception===
The Apple Vision Pro received generally positive reviews from technology critics, who praised its display quality, innovative interface, and technical achievements, while criticizing its weight, battery life, and high price point.
 
Reviewers consistently highlighted the headset's impressive display technology and intuitive [[eye tracking|eye]] and [[hand tracking]] interface. The [[passthrough]] quality was considered superior to competing products, though still not fully transparent as some of Apple's marketing suggested<ref name="wired"></ref>. The ability to extend Mac displays and position multiple virtual screens was praised as a compelling productivity use case<ref name="gq">Leedham, R. (2024). Apple's Vision Pro is its most thrilling first-gen product since the iPhone. GQ. https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/apple-vision-pro-review</ref>.
 
Common criticisms included:
 
* Weight and comfort issues during extended use
* The inconvenience of the tethered external battery
* Limited battery life
* The high starting price of $3,499
* A limited selection of optimized apps at launch
 
Many reviews characterized the Vision Pro as an impressive but early product that demonstrated the potential of spatial computing while suggesting that future iterations would likely address many of its first-generation limitations<ref name="ign"></ref>.
 
===User Experiences===
Early adopters of the Vision Pro reported mixed experiences. Many enthusiasts praised the device's capabilities for multitasking, entertainment, and immersive experiences. Long-term users highlighted the quality of the displays, hand tracking, and interface as standout features<ref name="reddit2">u/Mundane-Complex-1902. (2024). Apple Vision Pro: Seven months later. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1fa8x4l/apple_vision_pro_seven_months_later/</ref>.
 
Common user complaints echoed professional reviews, focusing on comfort during extended wear, the cumbersome external battery, and the social awkwardness of wearing the device around others. Some users reported that while they were impressed with the technology, they found themselves using the headset less frequently than expected due to these limitations<ref name="techradar">Ulanoff, L. (2024). Vision Pro at one – I love Apple's revolutionary headset, so why do I hardly ever use it? TechRadar. https://www.techradar.com/computing/virtual-reality-augmented-reality/vision-pro-at-one-i-love-apple-revolutionary-headset-so-why-do-i-hardly-ever-use-it</ref>.
 
Many users highlighted specific use cases where they found the Vision Pro particularly valuable:
 
* Watching movies and immersive video content
* Working with multiple virtual screens
* Virtual travel through Environments and immersive videos
* Social interactions through spatial FaceTime calls
* Viewing spatial photos and videos of personal memories<ref name="reddit2"></ref>
 
===Market Impact===
While Apple has not disclosed official sales figures for the Vision Pro, analysts estimated that first-year sales ranged from 400,000 to 800,000 units. The high price point limited mass-market adoption, positioning the Vision Pro primarily as a device for early adopters, developers, and enterprise users<ref name="techradar"></ref>.
 
The Vision Pro's release has influenced the broader AR/VR market, establishing new benchmarks for display quality, interface design, and mixed reality experiences. Competing companies have reportedly adjusted their product roadmaps in response to Apple's entry into the space<ref name="reddit3">u/Brief-Assignment-691. (2024). A review of the reviews of Apple vision pro and understanding who this is for. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1ahybno/a_review_of_the_reviews_of_apple_vision_pro_and/</ref>.
 
==Accessories==
Apple offers several accessories for the Vision Pro:
 
* ZEISS Optical Inserts: Prescription lenses ($149) or reader lenses ($99) that magnetically attach to the headset for users who wear glasses
* Apple Vision Pro Travel Case: A protective case for transporting the headset ($199)
* Apple Vision Pro Battery Holder: A clip for attaching the battery to clothing ($49)
* Additional Light Seals and Light Seal Cushions for different face shapes or sharing the device
 
Third-party accessories include various comfort modifications, alternative head straps, and protective covers<ref name="specs"></ref>.
 
==Images==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:apple vision pro7.jpg
File:apple vision pro6.jpg
File:apple vision pro4.jpg
File:apple vision pro3.jpg
File:apple vision pro2.jpg
File:apple vision pro1.jpg
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Platforms]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Platforms]] [[Category:Virtual Reality]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Headsets]] [[Category:Devices]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Devices]] [[Category:Augmented Reality Devices]] [[Category:Mixed Reality Devices]]
[[Category:Platforms]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Platforms]] [[Category:Virtual Reality]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Headsets]] [[Category:Devices]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Devices]] [[Category:Mixed Reality Devices]] [[Category:Spatial Computing Devices]]

Latest revision as of 23:19, 26 April 2025

Apple Vision Pro
Basic Info
VR/AR Virtual Reality
Type Head-mounted display
Subtype Integrated HMD
Platform visionOS
Creator Apple
Developer Apple
Manufacturer Apple
Release Date February 2, 2024 (US), July 12, 2024 (UK, Canada, Australia, others)
Price $3,499 (256GB), $3,699 (512GB), $3,899 (1TB)
Website https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/
Versions visionOS 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 2.4 (upcoming)
System
Operating System visionOS
CPU Apple M2 (5nm SoC)
GPU 10-core GPU (part of M2)
HPU Apple R1 (spatial coprocessor)
Storage
Storage 256GB, 512GB, or 1TB
Memory 16GB unified memory
Display
Display Dual Micro-OLED
Resolution 3660 × 3200 pixels per eye (23 million total pixels)
Pixel Density 3386 PPI per eye
Refresh Rate 90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz
Image
Field of View Approximately 100-120 degrees
Optics
Optics Pancake lenses
IPD Range 51-75mm (automatic adjustment)
Tracking
Tracking Eye tracking, hand tracking, face tracking, room mapping
Rotational Tracking Yes
Positional Tracking 6DoF
Update Rate 12ms photon-to-photon latency
Tracking Volume Room-scale
Latency 12ms
Audio
Audio Spatial Audio pods with dynamic head tracking
Camera Stereoscopic 3D main camera system (6.5MP)
Connectivity
Connectivity Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.3
Power External battery pack connected via cable
Battery Life 2 hours (general use), 2.5 hours (video playback)
Device
Weight 600-650g (headset only), 353g (battery)
Sensors Two high-resolution main cameras, six world-facing tracking cameras, four eye-tracking cameras, TrueDepth camera, LiDAR Scanner, four inertial measurement units (IMUs), flicker sensor, ambient light sensor
Input Eye tracking, hand gestures, voice


The Apple Vision Pro is a virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display developed and released by Apple. It was announced at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 5, 2023, and released in the United States on February 2, 2024, with international availability following in July 2024. Apple markets the device as a "spatial computer" rather than a traditional VR headset, emphasizing its ability to blend digital content with the physical world.

The Vision Pro features a distinctive design with a curved front glass panel, aluminum frame, and uses eye tracking, hand gestures, and voice commands as its primary input methods. It runs on visionOS, Apple's operating system specifically designed for spatial computing. With a starting price of $3,499, the Vision Pro is positioned as a premium device in the virtual reality market.

History and Development

The development of Apple Vision Pro reportedly began in 2016, representing the culmination of years of AR/VR research at Apple[1]. Prior to its announcement, the device was the subject of numerous rumors and reports, with speculation about Apple's entry into the mixed reality space dating back several years[2] [3].

Apple CEO Tim Cook had previously expressed that AR had more long-term potential than VR, and the Vision Pro's eventual design as a mixed reality headset reflects this vision[4]. The device was officially unveiled at WWDC 2023, where Cook described it as "the beginning of a new era for computing" and "the first Apple product you look through, not at."

Following its announcement, the Vision Pro was released in the United States on February 2, 2024, with initial availability limited to Apple Stores where customers could receive a personalized fitting. International release followed on July 12, 2024, with availability in the UK, Canada, Australia, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea.

Design and Hardware

Physical Design

The Apple Vision Pro features a distinctive design with a curved, laminated glass front panel and an aluminum alloy frame. The headset uses a modular design with several components that can be customized to fit individual users:

  • Light Seal: A flexible component that conforms to the user's face to prevent light leakage
  • Light Seal Cushion: A cushioned attachment for comfort
  • Head bands: Two options included - Solo Knit Band and Dual Loop Band

Unlike most VR headsets, the Vision Pro uses an external battery pack connected via a cable to the left temple of the headset. This design choice reduces the weight on the user's head but means the device must always be tethered to its battery during use. The headset weighs between 600-650g depending on configuration, with the separate battery weighing an additional 353g[5].

The device includes two physical controls: a Digital Crown similar to that found on the Apple Watch, which controls the level of immersion and acts as a home button, and a top button used for taking spatial photos and videos[6].

Display Technology

The Vision Pro uses dual micro-OLED displays with a combined 23 million pixels (approximately 3660 × 3200 pixels per eye). With a pixel density of 3386 PPI, these displays effectively eliminate the "screen door effect" common in many VR headsets[7].

The displays support variable refresh rates of 90Hz, 96Hz, and 100Hz, with the system automatically selecting the appropriate rate based on content. For example, when watching 24 FPS movies, the screen runs at 96Hz to display each movie frame for exactly three display frames[7]. The displays support various HDR formats including Dolby Vision, HDR10, and HLG.

Processing Power

The Vision Pro is powered by two custom Apple chips:

  • Apple M2: An 8-core CPU with 4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores, featuring a 10-core GPU and 16-core Neural Engine with 16GB of unified memory
  • Apple R1: A dedicated spatial coprocessor with 256GB/s memory bandwidth that processes input from the cameras and sensors with just 12 milliseconds of photon-to-photon latency

The combination of these chips enables the Vision Pro to deliver high-performance spatial computing experiences with minimal latency[5].

Cameras and Sensors

The Vision Pro incorporates an extensive array of cameras and sensors:

This sensor array enables the headset's key features, including precise hand and eye tracking, room mapping, and the realistic passthrough view that forms the foundation of its mixed reality capabilities[5].

Audio System

The Vision Pro features integrated speakers called "audio pods," each containing two drivers positioned near the user's ears. These deliver spatial audio with dynamic head tracking, creating the impression that sounds are coming from specific locations in the environment.

The audio system also includes a six-microphone array with directional beamforming for clear voice capture. The headset supports direct connection to AirPods Pro 2 with USB-C and AirPods 4 for private audio[5].

Battery and Power

Unlike most standalone VR headsets, the Vision Pro uses an external battery pack connected via a cable. This battery provides approximately 2 hours of general use or 2.5 hours of video playback. The headset can be used while the battery is charging through its USB-C port, allowing for extended sessions when near a power outlet[5].

Software and User Interface

visionOS

The Apple Vision Pro runs on visionOS, Apple's operating system specifically designed for spatial computing. visionOS is built on the foundation of other Apple operating systems but optimized for three-dimensional interaction in space. It features a familiar app-based interface with iOS-like icons floating in the user's environment.

Major versions of visionOS released so far include:

  • visionOS 1.0: Initial release (February 2024)
  • visionOS 1.1: Improved Personas and various bugfixes
  • visionOS 2.0: Introduced new hand gestures, persistent windows, and other features (September 2024)
  • visionOS 2.4: Upcoming release adding Apple Intelligence features (April 2025)

Input Methods

The Vision Pro uses a combination of eye tracking, hand gestures, and voice commands as its primary input methods:

  • Eye tracking: Users look at interface elements to select them
  • Hand gestures: Primarily using a pinch gesture with thumb and index finger to "click" on items
  • Voice commands: Using Siri or dictation for text input and system control

This hands-free interaction model eliminates the need for physical controllers typically associated with VR headsets. The eye tracking system also powers OpticID, an iris-based authentication system similar to Face ID on iPhones[6].

Environments

Vision Pro offers various virtual "Environments" that can replace or blend with the user's real surroundings. These include natural settings like Yosemite National Park, Mount Hood, and Joshua Tree, as well as fantastical locations like the Moon. Users can control the level of immersion by turning the Digital Crown, seamlessly transitioning between full passthrough of the real world and complete immersion in the virtual environment[8].

EyeSight and Persona

Two unique features of visionOS are EyeSight and Persona:

  • EyeSight: An external display on the front of the headset that shows a rendering of the user's eyes to people nearby. This display changes based on the user's level of immersion and awareness of their surroundings.
  • Persona: A digital avatar created by scanning the user's face, used for video calls and FaceTime when wearing the headset. The system captures facial expressions and eye movements to animate the avatar in real-time[9].

Features and Capabilities

Spatial Computing

The Vision Pro excels at "spatial computing," allowing users to position multiple app windows around their physical space. These windows remain fixed in place as the user moves around, creating a persistent digital workspace overlaid on the real world.

A standout feature is Mac Virtual Display, which allows users to view and interact with their Mac's screen through the Vision Pro by simply looking at their MacBook. This creates a large virtual display while still using the Mac's keyboard and trackpad for input[6].

Entertainment

The Vision Pro offers several immersive entertainment options:

  • 3D Movies: Access to over 300 3D films through Apple TV+
  • Apple Immersive Video: A new format featuring 180-degree 3D video with 8K resolution
  • Immersive Environments for standard video content
  • Spatial Audio for an immersive soundscape

The headset can create the experience of watching content on a massive virtual screen, equivalent to a 100-foot display, placed within either the user's real environment or a virtual one[8].

Spatial Photos and Videos

The Vision Pro can capture and display spatial (3D) photos and videos:

  • Spatial photos can be taken directly using the Vision Pro's built-in cameras
  • Spatial videos can be recorded using either the Vision Pro or an iPhone 15 Pro/Pro Max
  • Panoramic photos are displayed in an immersive way that surrounds the user

The headset also enhances the viewing of traditional photos and videos by displaying them at a much larger scale than conventional screens[6].

Apps and Games

See also: Apple Vision Pros Apps and Apple Vision Pro Games

At launch, the Vision Pro could run over a million compatible iPhone and iPad apps, with a growing number of native visionOS applications specifically designed for spatial computing. As of mid-2024, Apple reported over 2,500 native Vision Pro apps available[6].

Notable spatial computing experiences include:

Reception

Critical Reception

The Apple Vision Pro received generally positive reviews from technology critics, who praised its display quality, innovative interface, and technical achievements, while criticizing its weight, battery life, and high price point.

Reviewers consistently highlighted the headset's impressive display technology and intuitive eye and hand tracking interface. The passthrough quality was considered superior to competing products, though still not fully transparent as some of Apple's marketing suggested[8]. The ability to extend Mac displays and position multiple virtual screens was praised as a compelling productivity use case[11].

Common criticisms included:

  • Weight and comfort issues during extended use
  • The inconvenience of the tethered external battery
  • Limited battery life
  • The high starting price of $3,499
  • A limited selection of optimized apps at launch

Many reviews characterized the Vision Pro as an impressive but early product that demonstrated the potential of spatial computing while suggesting that future iterations would likely address many of its first-generation limitations[9].

User Experiences

Early adopters of the Vision Pro reported mixed experiences. Many enthusiasts praised the device's capabilities for multitasking, entertainment, and immersive experiences. Long-term users highlighted the quality of the displays, hand tracking, and interface as standout features[12].

Common user complaints echoed professional reviews, focusing on comfort during extended wear, the cumbersome external battery, and the social awkwardness of wearing the device around others. Some users reported that while they were impressed with the technology, they found themselves using the headset less frequently than expected due to these limitations[13].

Many users highlighted specific use cases where they found the Vision Pro particularly valuable:

  • Watching movies and immersive video content
  • Working with multiple virtual screens
  • Virtual travel through Environments and immersive videos
  • Social interactions through spatial FaceTime calls
  • Viewing spatial photos and videos of personal memories[12]

Market Impact

While Apple has not disclosed official sales figures for the Vision Pro, analysts estimated that first-year sales ranged from 400,000 to 800,000 units. The high price point limited mass-market adoption, positioning the Vision Pro primarily as a device for early adopters, developers, and enterprise users[13].

The Vision Pro's release has influenced the broader AR/VR market, establishing new benchmarks for display quality, interface design, and mixed reality experiences. Competing companies have reportedly adjusted their product roadmaps in response to Apple's entry into the space[14].

Accessories

Apple offers several accessories for the Vision Pro:

  • ZEISS Optical Inserts: Prescription lenses ($149) or reader lenses ($99) that magnetically attach to the headset for users who wear glasses
  • Apple Vision Pro Travel Case: A protective case for transporting the headset ($199)
  • Apple Vision Pro Battery Holder: A clip for attaching the battery to clothing ($49)
  • Additional Light Seals and Light Seal Cushions for different face shapes or sharing the device

Third-party accessories include various comfort modifications, alternative head straps, and protective covers[5].

Images

References

  1. ↑ Phelan, D. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Long-Term Review: Why Now Is A Great Time To Jump On Board. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidphelan/2024/08/16/apple-vision-pro-long-term-review-why-now-is-a-great-time-to-jump-on-board/
  2. ↑ Rice-Jones, J (2022). Apple VR headset: release date, features, and price. KnowTechie. https://knowtechie.com/apple-vr-headset-release-date-features-and-price/
  3. ↑ MacRumours Staff (2022). Apple Glasses. MacRumors. https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/apple-glasses/
  4. ↑ Apple Insider. Apple VR. Apple Insider. https://appleinsider.com/inside/apple-vr
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Apple. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Technical Specifications. https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/specs/
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Spoonauer, M. (2025). Apple Vision Pro review: A revolution in progress. Tom's Guide. https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/smart-glasses/apple-vision-pro-review
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Heaney, D. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Full Specs, Features & Details. UploadVR. https://www.uploadvr.com/apple-vision-pro-specs/
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Chokkattu, J. (2024). Review: Apple Vision Pro. Wired. https://www.wired.com/review/apple-vision-pro/
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Macy, S. G. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Review. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/apple-vision-pro-review
  10. ↑ u/Nearby-Daikon-6999. (2024). Over 60 Days with Apple Vision Pro - Reflections and Experience - No more hate. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1cq670r/over_60_days_with_apple_vision_pro_reflections/
  11. ↑ Leedham, R. (2024). Apple's Vision Pro is its most thrilling first-gen product since the iPhone. GQ. https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/apple-vision-pro-review
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 u/Mundane-Complex-1902. (2024). Apple Vision Pro: Seven months later. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1fa8x4l/apple_vision_pro_seven_months_later/
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Ulanoff, L. (2024). Vision Pro at one – I love Apple's revolutionary headset, so why do I hardly ever use it? TechRadar. https://www.techradar.com/computing/virtual-reality-augmented-reality/vision-pro-at-one-i-love-apple-revolutionary-headset-so-why-do-i-hardly-ever-use-it
  14. ↑ u/Brief-Assignment-691. (2024). A review of the reviews of Apple vision pro and understanding who this is for. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1ahybno/a_review_of_the_reviews_of_apple_vision_pro_and/
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