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{{Device Infobox
{{Device Infobox
|image =
|image=[[File:apple vision pro1.jpg|350px]]
|VR/AR = [[Mixed Reality]]
|VR/AR=[[Virtual Reality]]
|Type = [[Spatial Computer]]
|Type=[[Head-mounted display]]
|Subtype = [[Standalone MR]]
|Subtype=[[Standalone VR]]
|Platform = [[visionOS]]
|Platform=[[visionOS]]
|Developer = [[Apple]]
|Creator=
|Manufacturer = [[Apple]]
|Developer=[[Apple]]
|Release Date = February 2, 2024
|Manufacturer=[[Apple]]
|Announcement Date = June 5, 2023 (WWDC)
|Operating System=[[visionOS]]
|Price = $3,499 USD (256GB)
|Versions=visionOS 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 2.4 (upcoming)
|Website = https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/
|Requires=
|Chipset = Apple M2 + Apple R1
|Predecessor=
|Display = Micro-OLED (dual)
|Successor=
|Resolution = 3660x3200 per eye
|CPU=Apple M2 (5nm SoC)
|Total Pixels = 23 million
|GPU=10-core GPU (part of M2)
|Pixel Pitch = 7.5 microns
|HPU=Apple R1 (spatial coprocessor)
|Refresh Rate = 90/96/100 Hz
|Memory=16GB unified memory
|Field of View = ~100°
|Storage=256GB, 512GB, or 1TB
|Color = 92% DCI-P3
|Display=Dual Micro-OLED
|Ocularity = Binocular
|Resolution=3660 × 3200 pixels per eye (23 million total pixels)
|Eye Tracking = Integrated
|Pixel Density=3386 PPI per eye
|Hand Tracking = Integrated
|Refresh Rate=90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz
|Cameras = 12 cameras + 5 sensors
|Persistence=
|Passthrough = Full-color stereo
|Precision=
|Audio = Spatial Audio pods
|Field of View=Approximately 100-120 degrees
|Storage = 256 GB / 512 GB / 1 TB
|Optics=Pancake lenses
|Battery = ~2 hours (external)
|IPD Range=51-75mm (automatic adjustment)
|Weight = 600-650g
|Tracking=Eye tracking, hand tracking, face tracking, room mapping
|Rotational Tracking=Yes
|Positional Tracking=6DoF
|Update Rate=12ms photon-to-photon latency
|Tracking Volume=Room-scale
|Play Space=
|Latency=12ms
|Audio=Spatial Audio pods with dynamic head tracking
|Camera=Stereoscopic 3D main camera system (6.5MP)
|Sensors=Two high-resolution main cameras, six world-facing tracking cameras, four eye-tracking cameras, TrueDepth camera, LiDAR Scanner, four inertial measurement units (IMUs), flicker sensor, ambient light sensor
|Input=Eye tracking, hand gestures, voice
|Connectivity=Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.3
|Power=External battery pack connected via cable
|Battery Life=2 hours (general use), 2.5 hours (video playback)
|Weight=600-650g (headset only), 353g (battery)
|Size=
|Cable Length=
|Release Date=February 2, 2024 (US), July 12, 2024 (UK, Canada, Australia, others)
|Price=$3,499 (256GB), $3,699 (512GB), $3,899 (1TB)
|Website=https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/
}}
}}


The '''Apple Vision Pro''' is a standalone [[mixed reality]] spatial computer developed by [[Apple]], released February 2, 2024 at $3,499. Apple's first spatial computing device featuring dual Micro-OLED displays with 23 million total pixels (3660x3200 per eye), Apple M2 chip for processing plus R1 chip for 12ms sensor-to-display latency, [[visionOS]] 3D interface controlled via eye tracking, hand tracking, and voice, 12 cameras and 5 sensors, Spatial Audio, and full-color passthrough. Pioneering consumer-accessible spatial computing.
The '''Apple Vision Pro''' is a [[virtual reality]] ([[VR]]) [[head-mounted display]] developed and released by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]. It was announced at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 5, 2023, and released in the United States on February 2, 2024, with international availability following in July 2024. Apple markets the device as a "[[spatial computer]]" rather than a traditional [[VR headset]], emphasizing its ability to blend digital content with the physical world.


== History and Development ==
The Vision Pro features a distinctive design with a curved front glass panel, aluminum frame, and uses [[eye tracking]], [[hand gestures]], and [[voice command]]s as its primary [[input methods]]. It runs on [[visionOS]], Apple's operating system specifically designed for [[spatial computing]]. With a starting price of $3,499, the Vision Pro is positioned as a premium device in the [[virtual reality]] market.


Apple announced Vision Pro at WWDC on June 5, 2023 after years of secretive development. Sales began February 2, 2024 in the United States, later expanding to UK, Canada, and other markets. Vision Pro represents Apple's vision for spatial computing, blending digital content with the physical world. The device runs visionOS, derived from iPadOS frameworks with new spatial computing capabilities. An M5 variant was later announced with hardware ray tracing and 120Hz display support.<ref name="apple">{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/ |title=Apple Vision Pro |publisher=Apple |access-date=2025-01-07}}</ref>
==History and Development==
The development of Apple Vision Pro reportedly began in 2016, representing the culmination of years of AR/VR research at Apple<ref name="forbes">Phelan, D. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Long-Term Review: Why Now Is A Great Time To Jump On Board. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidphelan/2024/08/16/apple-vision-pro-long-term-review-why-now-is-a-great-time-to-jump-on-board/</ref>. Prior to its announcement, the device was the subject of numerous rumors and reports, with speculation about Apple's entry into the [[mixed reality]] space dating back several years<ref name="knowtechie">Rice-Jones, J (2022). Apple VR headset: release date, features, and price. KnowTechie. https://knowtechie.com/apple-vr-headset-release-date-features-and-price/</ref> <ref name="macrumors">MacRumours Staff (2022). Apple Glasses. MacRumors. https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/apple-glasses/</ref>.


== Design and Hardware ==
Apple CEO Tim Cook had previously expressed that AR had more long-term potential than VR, and the Vision Pro's eventual design as a mixed reality headset reflects this vision<ref name="appleinsider">Apple Insider. Apple VR. Apple Insider. https://appleinsider.com/inside/apple-vr</ref>. The device was officially unveiled at WWDC 2023, where Cook described it as "the beginning of a new era for computing" and "the first Apple product you look through, not at."


=== Display ===
Following its announcement, the Vision Pro was released in the United States on February 2, 2024, with initial availability limited to Apple Stores where customers could receive a personalized fitting. International release followed on July 12, 2024, with availability in the UK, Canada, Australia, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea.


Industry-leading Micro-OLED:
==Design and Hardware==
[[File:apple vision pro4.jpg|350px|right]]
===Physical Design===
The Apple Vision Pro features a distinctive design with a curved, laminated glass front panel and an aluminum alloy frame. The headset uses a modular design with several components that can be customized to fit individual users:


* '''3660x3200 per eye''' resolution
* Light Seal: A flexible component that conforms to the user's face to prevent light leakage
* '''23 million total pixels'''
* Light Seal Cushion: A cushioned attachment for comfort
* '''Dual Micro-OLED''' displays
* Head bands: Two options included - Solo Knit Band and Dual Loop Band
* '''7.5 micron pixel pitch'''
* More pixels than 4K TV per eye
* '''92% DCI-P3''' color gamut


=== Refresh Rate ===
Unlike most VR headsets, the Vision Pro uses an external battery pack connected via a cable to the left temple of the headset. This design choice reduces the weight on the user's head but means the device must always be tethered to its battery during use. The headset weighs between 600-650g depending on configuration, with the separate battery weighing an additional 353g<ref name="specs">Apple. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Technical Specifications. https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/specs/</ref>.


Content-aware rates:
The device includes two physical controls: a Digital Crown similar to that found on the [[Apple Watch]], which controls the level of immersion and acts as a home button, and a top button used for taking spatial photos and videos<ref name="tomsguide">Spoonauer, M. (2025). Apple Vision Pro review: A revolution in progress. Tom's Guide. https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/smart-glasses/apple-vision-pro-review</ref>.


* '''90 Hz'''
===Display Technology===
* '''96 Hz''' (24fps multiples)
The Vision Pro uses dual [[micro-OLED display]]s with a combined 23 million pixels (approximately 3660 × 3200 pixels per eye). With a pixel density of 3386 PPI, these displays effectively eliminate the "screen door effect" common in many VR headsets<ref name="uploadvr">Heaney, D. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Full Specs, Features & Details. UploadVR. https://www.uploadvr.com/apple-vision-pro-specs/</ref>.
* '''100 Hz''' (30fps multiples)
* Judder-free video playback


=== Chipset ===
The displays support variable [[refresh rate]]s of 90Hz, 96Hz, and 100Hz, with the system automatically selecting the appropriate rate based on content. For example, when watching 24 FPS movies, the screen runs at 96Hz to display each movie frame for exactly three display frames<ref name="uploadvr"></ref>. The displays support various HDR formats including Dolby Vision, HDR10, and HLG.


Dual-chip architecture:
===Processing Power===
The Vision Pro is powered by two custom Apple chips:


* '''Apple M2'''
* Apple M2: An 8-core CPU with 4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores, featuring a 10-core GPU and 16-core Neural Engine with 16GB of unified memory
** 8-core CPU (4P + 4E)
* Apple R1: A dedicated spatial coprocessor with 256GB/s memory bandwidth that processes input from the cameras and sensors with just 12 milliseconds of photon-to-photon latency
** 10-core GPU
** 16-core Neural Engine
** 16 GB unified memory
* '''Apple R1'''
** 12ms photon-to-photon latency
** 256GB/s memory bandwidth
** Real-time sensor processing


=== Eye Tracking ===
The combination of these chips enables the Vision Pro to deliver high-performance spatial computing experiences with minimal latency<ref name="specs"></ref>.


* High-precision tracking
===Cameras and Sensors===
* UI navigation via gaze
* Selection via pinch gesture


=== Hand Tracking ===
The Vision Pro incorporates an extensive array of [[camera]]s and [[sensor]]s:


* Finger tracking
* Two high-resolution main cameras for color [[passthrough]]
* Pinch gesture recognition
* Six world-facing [[tracking cameras]] for [[spatial positioning]]
* IR flood illuminators (low-light)
* Four [[eye-tracking]] cameras to monitor eye movements and gaze
* Natural interaction
* [[TrueDepth camera]] for facial expression tracking
* [[LiDAR Scanner]] for room mapping and depth sensing
* Four [[inertial measurement unit]]s (IMUs)
* Flicker sensor and ambient light sensor


=== Cameras & Sensors ===
This sensor array enables the headset's key features, including precise hand and eye tracking, room mapping, and the realistic passthrough view that forms the foundation of its mixed reality capabilities<ref name="specs"></ref>.


* '''12 cameras'''
===Audio System===
** 2 passthrough
The Vision Pro features integrated speakers called "[[audio pods]]," each containing two drivers positioned near the user's ears. These deliver spatial audio with dynamic head tracking, creating the impression that sounds are coming from specific locations in the environment.
** Head tracking
** Hand tracking
** 3D environment mapping
* '''5 sensors'''
** LiDAR
** TrueDepth
** Accelerometer
** Gyroscope
** IR flood illuminators


=== Audio ===
The audio system also includes a six-microphone array with directional beamforming for clear voice capture. The headset supports direct connection to AirPods Pro 2 with USB-C and AirPods 4 for private audio<ref name="specs"></ref>.


* '''Spatial Audio pods'''
===Battery and Power===
* Personalized Spatial Audio
Unlike most standalone [[VR headsets]], the Vision Pro uses an external battery pack connected via a cable. This battery provides approximately 2 hours of general use or 2.5 hours of video playback. The headset can be used while the battery is charging through its USB-C port, allowing for extended sessions when near a power outlet<ref name="specs"></ref>.
* Audio Raytracing
* Near-ear speakers


=== Passthrough ===
==Software and User Interface==
===visionOS===
[[File:visionos3.jpg|350px|right]]
The Apple Vision Pro runs on [[visionOS]], Apple's operating system specifically designed for spatial computing. visionOS is built on the foundation of other Apple operating systems but optimized for three-dimensional interaction in space. It features a familiar app-based interface with iOS-like icons floating in the user's environment.


* Full-color stereo
Major versions of visionOS released so far include:
* Low-latency R1 processing
* Natural environment blending


=== EyeSight ===
* visionOS 1.0: Initial release (February 2024)
* visionOS 1.1: Improved Personas and various bugfixes
* visionOS 2.0: Introduced new hand gestures, persistent windows, and other features (September 2024)
* visionOS 2.4: Upcoming release adding Apple Intelligence features (April 2025)


* External OLED display
===Input Methods===
* Shows user's eyes to others
The Vision Pro uses a combination of [[eye tracking]], [[hand gestures]], and [[voice command]]s as its primary input methods:
* Social presence feature


=== Battery ===
* [[Eye tracking]]: Users look at interface elements to select them
* [[Hand gestures]]: Primarily using a pinch gesture with thumb and index finger to "click" on items
* [[Voice command]]s: Using Siri or dictation for text input and system control


* '''~2 hours''' active use
This hands-free interaction model eliminates the need for physical controllers typically associated with VR headsets. The eye tracking system also powers OpticID, an iris-based authentication system similar to Face ID on iPhones<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.
* '''External battery pack'''
* USB-C connection


=== Build ===
===Environments===
Vision Pro offers various virtual "Environments" that can replace or blend with the user's real surroundings. These include natural settings like Yosemite National Park, Mount Hood, and Joshua Tree, as well as fantastical locations like the Moon. Users can control the level of immersion by turning the Digital Crown, seamlessly transitioning between full passthrough of the real world and complete immersion in the virtual environment<ref name="wired">Chokkattu, J. (2024). Review: Apple Vision Pro. Wired. https://www.wired.com/review/apple-vision-pro/</ref>.


* '''600-650g''' (varies by Light Seal)
===EyeSight and Persona===
* Aluminum frame
Two unique features of visionOS are [[EyeSight]] and [[Persona]]:
* Glass front
* Modular Light Seal system
* Dual Loop Band or Solo Knit Band


== visionOS ==
* [[EyeSight]]: An external display on the front of the headset that shows a rendering of the user's eyes to people nearby. This display changes based on the user's level of immersion and awareness of their surroundings.


Spatial operating system:
* [[Persona]]: A digital avatar created by scanning the user's face, used for video calls and FaceTime when wearing the headset. The system captures facial expressions and eye movements to animate the avatar in real-time<ref name="ign">Macy, S. G. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Review. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/apple-vision-pro-review</ref>.


* 3D floating windows
==Features and Capabilities==
* Eye + hand navigation
===Spatial Computing===
* Voice commands
[[File:spatial computing1.jpg|350px|right]]
* App windows in space
The Vision Pro excels at "[[spatial computing]]," allowing users to position multiple app windows around their physical space. These windows remain fixed in place as the user moves around, creating a persistent digital workspace overlaid on the real world.
* Immersive environments
* SharePlay spatial experiences


== Optical Options ==
A standout feature is Mac Virtual Display, which allows users to view and interact with their Mac's screen through the Vision Pro by simply looking at their MacBook. This creates a large virtual display while still using the Mac's keyboard and trackpad for input<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.


* '''Readers''': $99
===Entertainment===
* '''Prescription lenses''': $149
The Vision Pro offers several immersive entertainment options:
* ZEISS partnership


== Storage Options ==
* [[3D Movies]]: Access to over 300 3D films through Apple TV+
* [[Apple Immersive Video]]: A new format featuring 180-degree 3D video with 8K resolution
* Immersive Environments for standard video content
* [[Spatial Audio]] for an immersive soundscape


* '''256 GB''': $3,499
The headset can create the experience of watching content on a massive virtual screen, equivalent to a 100-foot display, placed within either the user's real environment or a virtual one<ref name="wired"></ref>.
* '''512 GB''': $3,699
* '''1 TB''': $3,899


== Technical Specifications ==
===Spatial Photos and Videos===
The Vision Pro can capture and display spatial (3D) photos and videos:


{| class="wikitable"
* [[Spatial photos]] can be taken directly using the Vision Pro's built-in cameras
|-
* [[Spatial videos]] can be recorded using either the Vision Pro or an iPhone 15 Pro/Pro Max
! Specification !! Details
* Panoramic photos are displayed in an immersive way that surrounds the user
|-
| Display || 3660x3200 Micro-OLED x2
|-
| Total Pixels || 23 million
|-
| Refresh Rate || 90/96/100 Hz
|-
| FOV || ~100°
|-
| Chip || M2 + R1
|-
| Latency || 12ms photon-to-photon
|-
| Storage || 256GB/512GB/1TB
|-
| Battery || ~2 hours (external)
|-
| Weight || 600-650g
|-
| Price || $3,499+
|}


== Reception ==
The headset also enhances the viewing of traditional photos and videos by displaying them at a much larger scale than conventional screens<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.


'''Praise:'''
===Apps and Games===
* 23 million pixels stunning
{{see also|Apple Vision Pros Apps|Apple Vision Pro Games}}
* 3660x3200 highest consumer resolution
At launch, the Vision Pro could run over a million compatible iPhone and iPad [[apps]], with a growing number of native visionOS applications specifically designed for spatial computing. As of mid-2024, Apple reported over 2,500 native [[Vision Pro apps]] available<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.
* Micro-OLED quality exceptional
* M2 + R1 powerful architecture
* 12ms latency impressive
* visionOS intuitive
* Eye/hand tracking excellent
* Passthrough best-in-class
* Spatial Audio immersive
* Premium build quality


'''Criticism:'''
Notable spatial computing experiences include:
* $3,499+ very expensive
* ~2 hours battery short
* External battery inconvenient
* 600-650g heavy
* Limited app ecosystem (launch)
* No controller included
* Comfort varies by user
* EyeSight uncanny
* Learning curve<ref name="wikipedia">{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro |title=Apple Vision Pro |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2025-01-07}}</ref>


== See Also ==
* [[Productivity]] apps that allow multiple virtual screens
* [[Meta Quest 3]]
* [[Creative tools]] that place 3D models in the user's space
* [[Meta Quest Pro]]
* [[Educational]] experiences like Encounter Dinosaurs that bring lifelike 3D creatures into the real world
* [[Varjo XR-4]]
* Games that utilize [[hand tracking]] and [[room mapping]] for unique gameplay<ref name="reddit1">u/Nearby-Daikon-6999. (2024). Over 60 Days with Apple Vision Pro - Reflections and Experience - No more hate. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1cq670r/over_60_days_with_apple_vision_pro_reflections/</ref>
* [[Magic Leap 2]]


== References ==
==Reception==
{{reflist}}
===Critical Reception===
The Apple Vision Pro received generally positive reviews from technology critics, who praised its display quality, innovative interface, and technical achievements, while criticizing its weight, battery life, and high price point.


[[Category:Devices]]
Reviewers consistently highlighted the headset's impressive display technology and intuitive [[eye tracking|eye]] and [[hand tracking]] interface. The [[passthrough]] quality was considered superior to competing products, though still not fully transparent as some of Apple's marketing suggested<ref name="wired"></ref>. The ability to extend Mac displays and position multiple virtual screens was praised as a compelling productivity use case<ref name="gq">Leedham, R. (2024). Apple's Vision Pro is its most thrilling first-gen product since the iPhone. GQ. https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/apple-vision-pro-review</ref>.
[[Category:Mixed Reality Devices]]
 
[[Category:Spatial Computers]]
Common criticisms included:
[[Category:Apple]]
 
[[Category:2024 in technology]]
* Weight and comfort issues during extended use
* The inconvenience of the tethered external battery
* Limited battery life
* The high starting price of $3,499
* A limited selection of optimized apps at launch
 
Many reviews characterized the Vision Pro as an impressive but early product that demonstrated the potential of spatial computing while suggesting that future iterations would likely address many of its first-generation limitations<ref name="ign"></ref>.
 
===User Experiences===
Early adopters of the Vision Pro reported mixed experiences. Many enthusiasts praised the device's capabilities for multitasking, entertainment, and immersive experiences. Long-term users highlighted the quality of the displays, hand tracking, and interface as standout features<ref name="reddit2">u/Mundane-Complex-1902. (2024). Apple Vision Pro: Seven months later. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1fa8x4l/apple_vision_pro_seven_months_later/</ref>.
 
Common user complaints echoed professional reviews, focusing on comfort during extended wear, the cumbersome external battery, and the social awkwardness of wearing the device around others. Some users reported that while they were impressed with the technology, they found themselves using the headset less frequently than expected due to these limitations<ref name="techradar">Ulanoff, L. (2024). Vision Pro at one – I love Apple's revolutionary headset, so why do I hardly ever use it? TechRadar. https://www.techradar.com/computing/virtual-reality-augmented-reality/vision-pro-at-one-i-love-apple-revolutionary-headset-so-why-do-i-hardly-ever-use-it</ref>.
 
Many users highlighted specific use cases where they found the Vision Pro particularly valuable:
 
* Watching movies and immersive video content
* Working with multiple virtual screens
* Virtual travel through Environments and immersive videos
* Social interactions through spatial FaceTime calls
* Viewing spatial photos and videos of personal memories<ref name="reddit2"></ref>
 
===Market Impact===
While Apple has not disclosed official sales figures for the Vision Pro, analysts estimated that first-year sales ranged from 400,000 to 800,000 units. The high price point limited mass-market adoption, positioning the Vision Pro primarily as a device for early adopters, developers, and enterprise users<ref name="techradar"></ref>.
 
The Vision Pro's release has influenced the broader AR/VR market, establishing new benchmarks for display quality, interface design, and mixed reality experiences. Competing companies have reportedly adjusted their product roadmaps in response to Apple's entry into the space<ref name="reddit3">u/Brief-Assignment-691. (2024). A review of the reviews of Apple vision pro and understanding who this is for. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1ahybno/a_review_of_the_reviews_of_apple_vision_pro_and/</ref>.
 
==Accessories==
Apple offers several accessories for the Vision Pro:
 
* ZEISS Optical Inserts: Prescription lenses ($149) or reader lenses ($99) that magnetically attach to the headset for users who wear glasses
* Apple Vision Pro Travel Case: A protective case for transporting the headset ($199)
* Apple Vision Pro Battery Holder: A clip for attaching the battery to clothing ($49)
* Additional Light Seals and Light Seal Cushions for different face shapes or sharing the device
 
Third-party accessories include various comfort modifications, alternative head straps, and protective covers<ref name="specs"></ref>.
 
==Images==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:apple vision pro7.jpg
File:apple vision pro6.jpg
File:apple vision pro4.jpg
File:apple vision pro3.jpg
File:apple vision pro2.jpg
File:apple vision pro1.jpg
</gallery>
 
==References==
<references/>
 
 
[[Category:Platforms]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Platforms]] [[Category:Virtual Reality]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Headsets]] [[Category:Devices]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Devices]] [[Category:Mixed Reality Devices]] [[Category:Spatial Computing Devices]]

Latest revision as of 09:54, 8 January 2026

Apple Vision Pro
Basic Info
VR/AR Virtual Reality
Type Head-mounted display
Subtype Standalone VR
Platform visionOS
Developer Apple
Manufacturer Apple
Release Date February 2, 2024 (US), July 12, 2024 (UK, Canada, Australia, others)
Price $3,499 (256GB), $3,699 (512GB), $3,899 (1TB)
Website https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/
Versions visionOS 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 2.4 (upcoming)
System
Operating System visionOS
CPU Apple M2 (5nm SoC)
GPU 10-core GPU (part of M2)
HPU Apple R1 (spatial coprocessor)
Storage
Storage 256GB, 512GB, or 1TB
Memory 16GB unified memory
Display
Display Dual Micro-OLED
Resolution 3660 × 3200 pixels per eye (23 million total pixels)
Pixel Density 3386 PPI per eye
Refresh Rate 90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz
Image
Field of View Approximately 100-120 degrees
Optics
Optics Pancake lenses
IPD Range 51-75mm (automatic adjustment)
Tracking
Tracking Eye tracking, hand tracking, face tracking, room mapping
Rotational Tracking Yes
Positional Tracking 6DoF
Update Rate 12ms photon-to-photon latency
Tracking Volume Room-scale
Latency 12ms
Audio
Audio Spatial Audio pods with dynamic head tracking
Camera Stereoscopic 3D main camera system (6.5MP)
Connectivity
Connectivity Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.3
Power External battery pack connected via cable
Battery Life 2 hours (general use), 2.5 hours (video playback)
Device
Weight 600-650g (headset only), 353g (battery)
Sensors Two high-resolution main cameras, six world-facing tracking cameras, four eye-tracking cameras, TrueDepth camera, LiDAR Scanner, four inertial measurement units (IMUs), flicker sensor, ambient light sensor
Input Eye tracking, hand gestures, voice


The Apple Vision Pro is a virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display developed and released by Apple. It was announced at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 5, 2023, and released in the United States on February 2, 2024, with international availability following in July 2024. Apple markets the device as a "spatial computer" rather than a traditional VR headset, emphasizing its ability to blend digital content with the physical world.

The Vision Pro features a distinctive design with a curved front glass panel, aluminum frame, and uses eye tracking, hand gestures, and voice commands as its primary input methods. It runs on visionOS, Apple's operating system specifically designed for spatial computing. With a starting price of $3,499, the Vision Pro is positioned as a premium device in the virtual reality market.

History and Development

The development of Apple Vision Pro reportedly began in 2016, representing the culmination of years of AR/VR research at Apple[1]. Prior to its announcement, the device was the subject of numerous rumors and reports, with speculation about Apple's entry into the mixed reality space dating back several years[2] [3].

Apple CEO Tim Cook had previously expressed that AR had more long-term potential than VR, and the Vision Pro's eventual design as a mixed reality headset reflects this vision[4]. The device was officially unveiled at WWDC 2023, where Cook described it as "the beginning of a new era for computing" and "the first Apple product you look through, not at."

Following its announcement, the Vision Pro was released in the United States on February 2, 2024, with initial availability limited to Apple Stores where customers could receive a personalized fitting. International release followed on July 12, 2024, with availability in the UK, Canada, Australia, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea.

Design and Hardware

Physical Design

The Apple Vision Pro features a distinctive design with a curved, laminated glass front panel and an aluminum alloy frame. The headset uses a modular design with several components that can be customized to fit individual users:

  • Light Seal: A flexible component that conforms to the user's face to prevent light leakage
  • Light Seal Cushion: A cushioned attachment for comfort
  • Head bands: Two options included - Solo Knit Band and Dual Loop Band

Unlike most VR headsets, the Vision Pro uses an external battery pack connected via a cable to the left temple of the headset. This design choice reduces the weight on the user's head but means the device must always be tethered to its battery during use. The headset weighs between 600-650g depending on configuration, with the separate battery weighing an additional 353g[5].

The device includes two physical controls: a Digital Crown similar to that found on the Apple Watch, which controls the level of immersion and acts as a home button, and a top button used for taking spatial photos and videos[6].

Display Technology

The Vision Pro uses dual micro-OLED displays with a combined 23 million pixels (approximately 3660 × 3200 pixels per eye). With a pixel density of 3386 PPI, these displays effectively eliminate the "screen door effect" common in many VR headsets[7].

The displays support variable refresh rates of 90Hz, 96Hz, and 100Hz, with the system automatically selecting the appropriate rate based on content. For example, when watching 24 FPS movies, the screen runs at 96Hz to display each movie frame for exactly three display frames[7]. The displays support various HDR formats including Dolby Vision, HDR10, and HLG.

Processing Power

The Vision Pro is powered by two custom Apple chips:

  • Apple M2: An 8-core CPU with 4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores, featuring a 10-core GPU and 16-core Neural Engine with 16GB of unified memory
  • Apple R1: A dedicated spatial coprocessor with 256GB/s memory bandwidth that processes input from the cameras and sensors with just 12 milliseconds of photon-to-photon latency

The combination of these chips enables the Vision Pro to deliver high-performance spatial computing experiences with minimal latency[5].

Cameras and Sensors

The Vision Pro incorporates an extensive array of cameras and sensors:

This sensor array enables the headset's key features, including precise hand and eye tracking, room mapping, and the realistic passthrough view that forms the foundation of its mixed reality capabilities[5].

Audio System

The Vision Pro features integrated speakers called "audio pods," each containing two drivers positioned near the user's ears. These deliver spatial audio with dynamic head tracking, creating the impression that sounds are coming from specific locations in the environment.

The audio system also includes a six-microphone array with directional beamforming for clear voice capture. The headset supports direct connection to AirPods Pro 2 with USB-C and AirPods 4 for private audio[5].

Battery and Power

Unlike most standalone VR headsets, the Vision Pro uses an external battery pack connected via a cable. This battery provides approximately 2 hours of general use or 2.5 hours of video playback. The headset can be used while the battery is charging through its USB-C port, allowing for extended sessions when near a power outlet[5].

Software and User Interface

visionOS

The Apple Vision Pro runs on visionOS, Apple's operating system specifically designed for spatial computing. visionOS is built on the foundation of other Apple operating systems but optimized for three-dimensional interaction in space. It features a familiar app-based interface with iOS-like icons floating in the user's environment.

Major versions of visionOS released so far include:

  • visionOS 1.0: Initial release (February 2024)
  • visionOS 1.1: Improved Personas and various bugfixes
  • visionOS 2.0: Introduced new hand gestures, persistent windows, and other features (September 2024)
  • visionOS 2.4: Upcoming release adding Apple Intelligence features (April 2025)

Input Methods

The Vision Pro uses a combination of eye tracking, hand gestures, and voice commands as its primary input methods:

  • Eye tracking: Users look at interface elements to select them
  • Hand gestures: Primarily using a pinch gesture with thumb and index finger to "click" on items
  • Voice commands: Using Siri or dictation for text input and system control

This hands-free interaction model eliminates the need for physical controllers typically associated with VR headsets. The eye tracking system also powers OpticID, an iris-based authentication system similar to Face ID on iPhones[6].

Environments

Vision Pro offers various virtual "Environments" that can replace or blend with the user's real surroundings. These include natural settings like Yosemite National Park, Mount Hood, and Joshua Tree, as well as fantastical locations like the Moon. Users can control the level of immersion by turning the Digital Crown, seamlessly transitioning between full passthrough of the real world and complete immersion in the virtual environment[8].

EyeSight and Persona

Two unique features of visionOS are EyeSight and Persona:

  • EyeSight: An external display on the front of the headset that shows a rendering of the user's eyes to people nearby. This display changes based on the user's level of immersion and awareness of their surroundings.
  • Persona: A digital avatar created by scanning the user's face, used for video calls and FaceTime when wearing the headset. The system captures facial expressions and eye movements to animate the avatar in real-time[9].

Features and Capabilities

Spatial Computing

The Vision Pro excels at "spatial computing," allowing users to position multiple app windows around their physical space. These windows remain fixed in place as the user moves around, creating a persistent digital workspace overlaid on the real world.

A standout feature is Mac Virtual Display, which allows users to view and interact with their Mac's screen through the Vision Pro by simply looking at their MacBook. This creates a large virtual display while still using the Mac's keyboard and trackpad for input[6].

Entertainment

The Vision Pro offers several immersive entertainment options:

  • 3D Movies: Access to over 300 3D films through Apple TV+
  • Apple Immersive Video: A new format featuring 180-degree 3D video with 8K resolution
  • Immersive Environments for standard video content
  • Spatial Audio for an immersive soundscape

The headset can create the experience of watching content on a massive virtual screen, equivalent to a 100-foot display, placed within either the user's real environment or a virtual one[8].

Spatial Photos and Videos

The Vision Pro can capture and display spatial (3D) photos and videos:

  • Spatial photos can be taken directly using the Vision Pro's built-in cameras
  • Spatial videos can be recorded using either the Vision Pro or an iPhone 15 Pro/Pro Max
  • Panoramic photos are displayed in an immersive way that surrounds the user

The headset also enhances the viewing of traditional photos and videos by displaying them at a much larger scale than conventional screens[6].

Apps and Games

See also: Apple Vision Pros Apps and Apple Vision Pro Games

At launch, the Vision Pro could run over a million compatible iPhone and iPad apps, with a growing number of native visionOS applications specifically designed for spatial computing. As of mid-2024, Apple reported over 2,500 native Vision Pro apps available[6].

Notable spatial computing experiences include:

Reception

Critical Reception

The Apple Vision Pro received generally positive reviews from technology critics, who praised its display quality, innovative interface, and technical achievements, while criticizing its weight, battery life, and high price point.

Reviewers consistently highlighted the headset's impressive display technology and intuitive eye and hand tracking interface. The passthrough quality was considered superior to competing products, though still not fully transparent as some of Apple's marketing suggested[8]. The ability to extend Mac displays and position multiple virtual screens was praised as a compelling productivity use case[11].

Common criticisms included:

  • Weight and comfort issues during extended use
  • The inconvenience of the tethered external battery
  • Limited battery life
  • The high starting price of $3,499
  • A limited selection of optimized apps at launch

Many reviews characterized the Vision Pro as an impressive but early product that demonstrated the potential of spatial computing while suggesting that future iterations would likely address many of its first-generation limitations[9].

User Experiences

Early adopters of the Vision Pro reported mixed experiences. Many enthusiasts praised the device's capabilities for multitasking, entertainment, and immersive experiences. Long-term users highlighted the quality of the displays, hand tracking, and interface as standout features[12].

Common user complaints echoed professional reviews, focusing on comfort during extended wear, the cumbersome external battery, and the social awkwardness of wearing the device around others. Some users reported that while they were impressed with the technology, they found themselves using the headset less frequently than expected due to these limitations[13].

Many users highlighted specific use cases where they found the Vision Pro particularly valuable:

  • Watching movies and immersive video content
  • Working with multiple virtual screens
  • Virtual travel through Environments and immersive videos
  • Social interactions through spatial FaceTime calls
  • Viewing spatial photos and videos of personal memories[12]

Market Impact

While Apple has not disclosed official sales figures for the Vision Pro, analysts estimated that first-year sales ranged from 400,000 to 800,000 units. The high price point limited mass-market adoption, positioning the Vision Pro primarily as a device for early adopters, developers, and enterprise users[13].

The Vision Pro's release has influenced the broader AR/VR market, establishing new benchmarks for display quality, interface design, and mixed reality experiences. Competing companies have reportedly adjusted their product roadmaps in response to Apple's entry into the space[14].

Accessories

Apple offers several accessories for the Vision Pro:

  • ZEISS Optical Inserts: Prescription lenses ($149) or reader lenses ($99) that magnetically attach to the headset for users who wear glasses
  • Apple Vision Pro Travel Case: A protective case for transporting the headset ($199)
  • Apple Vision Pro Battery Holder: A clip for attaching the battery to clothing ($49)
  • Additional Light Seals and Light Seal Cushions for different face shapes or sharing the device

Third-party accessories include various comfort modifications, alternative head straps, and protective covers[5].

Images

References

  1. ↑ Phelan, D. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Long-Term Review: Why Now Is A Great Time To Jump On Board. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidphelan/2024/08/16/apple-vision-pro-long-term-review-why-now-is-a-great-time-to-jump-on-board/
  2. ↑ Rice-Jones, J (2022). Apple VR headset: release date, features, and price. KnowTechie. https://knowtechie.com/apple-vr-headset-release-date-features-and-price/
  3. ↑ MacRumours Staff (2022). Apple Glasses. MacRumors. https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/apple-glasses/
  4. ↑ Apple Insider. Apple VR. Apple Insider. https://appleinsider.com/inside/apple-vr
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Apple. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Technical Specifications. https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/specs/
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Spoonauer, M. (2025). Apple Vision Pro review: A revolution in progress. Tom's Guide. https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/smart-glasses/apple-vision-pro-review
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Heaney, D. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Full Specs, Features & Details. UploadVR. https://www.uploadvr.com/apple-vision-pro-specs/
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Chokkattu, J. (2024). Review: Apple Vision Pro. Wired. https://www.wired.com/review/apple-vision-pro/
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Macy, S. G. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Review. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/apple-vision-pro-review
  10. ↑ u/Nearby-Daikon-6999. (2024). Over 60 Days with Apple Vision Pro - Reflections and Experience - No more hate. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1cq670r/over_60_days_with_apple_vision_pro_reflections/
  11. ↑ Leedham, R. (2024). Apple's Vision Pro is its most thrilling first-gen product since the iPhone. GQ. https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/apple-vision-pro-review
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 u/Mundane-Complex-1902. (2024). Apple Vision Pro: Seven months later. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1fa8x4l/apple_vision_pro_seven_months_later/
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Ulanoff, L. (2024). Vision Pro at one – I love Apple's revolutionary headset, so why do I hardly ever use it? TechRadar. https://www.techradar.com/computing/virtual-reality-augmented-reality/vision-pro-at-one-i-love-apple-revolutionary-headset-so-why-do-i-hardly-ever-use-it
  14. ↑ u/Brief-Assignment-691. (2024). A review of the reviews of Apple vision pro and understanding who this is for. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1ahybno/a_review_of_the_reviews_of_apple_vision_pro_and/
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