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{{Device Infobox
{{Device Infobox
|image=[[File:apple vision pro1.jpg|350px]]
|name = Apple Vision Pro
|VR/AR=[[Virtual Reality]]
|image =
|Type=[[Head-mounted display]]
|VR/AR = [[Mixed Reality]]
|Subtype=[[Standalone VR]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Platform=[[visionOS]]
|Subtype = [[Standalone VR]]
|Creator=
|Platform = [[visionOS]]
|Developer=[[Apple]]
|Creator = [[Apple Inc.]]
|Manufacturer=[[Apple]]
|Developer = [[Apple Inc.]]
|Operating System=[[visionOS]]
|Manufacturer = [[Apple Inc.]]
|Versions=visionOS 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 2.4 (upcoming)
|Announcement Date = June 5, 2023
|Requires=
|Release Date = February 2, 2024 (US); July 12, 2024 (International)
|Predecessor=
|Price = $3,499 (256GB), $3,699 (512GB), $3,899 (1TB)
|Successor=
|Website = https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/
|CPU=Apple M2 (5nm SoC)
|Versions = 256GB, 512GB, 1TB
|GPU=10-core GPU (part of M2)
|Requires = Apple ID, iPhone (for initial setup)
|HPU=Apple R1 (spatial coprocessor)
|Predecessor = None (first generation)
|Memory=16GB unified memory
|Successor = [[Apple Vision Pro M5]]
|Storage=256GB, 512GB, or 1TB
|Operating System = [[visionOS]]
|Display=Dual Micro-OLED
|Chipset = [[Apple M2]] + [[Apple R1]]
|Resolution=3660 × 3200 pixels per eye (23 million total pixels)
|CPU = 8-core (4 performance + 4 efficiency) @ 3.49 GHz
|Pixel Density=3386 PPI per eye
|GPU = 10-core GPU
|Refresh Rate=90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz
|HPU = Apple R1 (sensor processing)
|Persistence=
|Storage = 256GB, 512GB, or 1TB
|Precision=
|Memory = 16GB unified memory
|Field of View=Approximately 100-120 degrees
|SD Card Slot = No
|Optics=Pancake lenses
|Display = Dual micro-OLED (Sony)
|IPD Range=51-75mm (automatic adjustment)
|Subpixel Layout = RGB stripe
|Tracking=Eye tracking, hand tracking, face tracking, room mapping
|Peak Brightness = 5000 nits (peak HDR)
|Rotational Tracking=Yes
|Resolution = 3660 × 3200 per eye (23 million pixels total)
|Positional Tracking=6DoF
|Pixel Density = 3386 PPI
|Update Rate=12ms photon-to-photon latency
|Refresh Rate = 90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz
|Tracking Volume=Room-scale
|Persistence = Low persistence
|Play Space=
|Field of View = ~100° horizontal
|Latency=12ms
|Horizontal FoV = ~100°
|Audio=Spatial Audio pods with dynamic head tracking
|Vertical FoV = ~90°
|Camera=Stereoscopic 3D main camera system (6.5MP)
|Average Pixel Density = 34 PPD
|Sensors=Two high-resolution main cameras, six world-facing tracking cameras, four eye-tracking cameras, TrueDepth camera, LiDAR Scanner, four inertial measurement units (IMUs), flicker sensor, ambient light sensor
|Peak Pixel Density = 40+ PPD (foveal region)
|Input=Eye tracking, hand gestures, voice
|Foveated Rendering = Dynamic (eye-tracked)
|Connectivity=Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.3
|Optics = Catadioptric pancake lenses (3-element)
|Power=External battery pack connected via cable
|Ocularity = Binocular
|Battery Life=2 hours (general use), 2.5 hours (video playback)
|IPD Range = Automatic (via ZEISS Optical Inserts for vision correction)
|Weight=600-650g (headset only), 353g (battery)
|Adjustable Diopter = No (ZEISS Optical Inserts required)
|Size=
|Passthrough = Full-color stereoscopic HDR (12MP per eye)
|Cable Length=
|Tracking = 6DoF inside-out
|Release Date=February 2, 2024 (US), July 12, 2024 (UK, Canada, Australia, others)
|Tracking Frequency = R1 processes at 12ms latency
|Price=$3,499 (256GB), $3,699 (512GB), $3,899 (1TB)
|Base Stations = None required
|Website=https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/
|Eye Tracking = Yes (high-precision IR eye tracking)
|Face Tracking = Yes (TrueDepth for Persona)
|Hand Tracking = Yes
|Body Tracking = No
|Rotational Tracking = Yes
|Positional Tracking = Yes
|Play Space = Roomscale
|Latency = 12ms photon-to-photon
|Audio = Dual-driver spatial audio pods
|Microphone = Yes (6-microphone array)
|3.5mm Audio Jack = No
|Camera = 2× main cameras, 6× tracking cameras, 4× eye tracking cameras, TrueDepth camera, LiDAR scanner
|Connectivity = Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.3
|Ports = USB-C (DisplayPort Alt Mode)
|Wired Video = Yes (USB-C DisplayPort)
|Wireless Video = Yes (AirPlay)
|WiFi = Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)
|Bluetooth = Bluetooth 5.3
|Power = External battery pack
|Battery Capacity = 3166mAh (35.9Wh battery pack)
|Battery Life = 2-2.5 hours (general use)
|Charge Time = ~2 hours
|Dimensions = Headset: ~200mm wide; Battery: 74mm × 95mm × 24mm
|Weight = 600-650g (headset); 353g (battery pack)
|Material = Aluminum, glass, soft textiles
|Headstrap = Solo Knit Band or Dual Loop Band
|Haptics = No
|Color = Silver/White
|Sensors = 2× main cameras, 6× world-facing cameras, 4× eye-tracking cameras, TrueDepth camera, LiDAR scanner, 4× IMUs, flicker sensor, ambient light sensor
|Input = Eye tracking, hand gestures, voice (Siri), virtual keyboard
|Compliance = FCC, CE, regulatory approvals worldwide
}}
}}


The '''Apple Vision Pro''' is a [[virtual reality]] ([[VR]]) [[head-mounted display]] developed and released by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]. It was announced at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 5, 2023, and released in the United States on February 2, 2024, with international availability following in July 2024. Apple markets the device as a "[[spatial computer]]" rather than a traditional [[VR headset]], emphasizing its ability to blend digital content with the physical world.
The '''Apple Vision Pro''' is a [[mixed reality]] [[head-mounted display]] developed by [[Apple Inc.]], announced at the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 5, 2023, and released in the United States on February 2, 2024. Marketed as Apple's first "spatial computer," the Vision Pro represents Apple's entry into the extended reality market after years of rumored development. Priced starting at $3,499, the device features dual micro-OLED displays with 23 million total pixels, the M2 chip for main processing alongside the custom R1 chip for real-time sensor processing with 12-millisecond photon-to-photon latency, and a revolutionary eye-and-hand input system that eliminates the need for controllers.


The Vision Pro features a distinctive design with a curved front glass panel, aluminum frame, and uses [[eye tracking]], [[hand gestures]], and [[voice command]]s as its primary [[input methods]]. It runs on [[visionOS]], Apple's operating system specifically designed for [[spatial computing]]. With a starting price of $3,499, the Vision Pro is positioned as a premium device in the [[virtual reality]] market.
== History and Development ==


==History and Development==
=== Years of Development ===
The development of Apple Vision Pro reportedly began in 2016, representing the culmination of years of AR/VR research at Apple<ref name="forbes">Phelan, D. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Long-Term Review: Why Now Is A Great Time To Jump On Board. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidphelan/2024/08/16/apple-vision-pro-long-term-review-why-now-is-a-great-time-to-jump-on-board/</ref>. Prior to its announcement, the device was the subject of numerous rumors and reports, with speculation about Apple's entry into the [[mixed reality]] space dating back several years<ref name="knowtechie">Rice-Jones, J (2022). Apple VR headset: release date, features, and price. KnowTechie. https://knowtechie.com/apple-vr-headset-release-date-features-and-price/</ref> <ref name="macrumors">MacRumours Staff (2022). Apple Glasses. MacRumors. https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/apple-glasses/</ref>.
Apple's development of an AR/VR headset reportedly began as early as 2015 under the internal codename "T288." The project evolved through various iterations, with Apple acquiring numerous AR-related companies and patents over the years. Key acquisitions included Metaio (AR platform), Vrvana (AR headset), Akonia Holographics (waveguide optics), and SensoMotoric Instruments (eye tracking).


Apple CEO Tim Cook had previously expressed that AR had more long-term potential than VR, and the Vision Pro's eventual design as a mixed reality headset reflects this vision<ref name="appleinsider">Apple Insider. Apple VR. Apple Insider. https://appleinsider.com/inside/apple-vr</ref>. The device was officially unveiled at WWDC 2023, where Cook described it as "the beginning of a new era for computing" and "the first Apple product you look through, not at."
=== Leadership and Team ===
The Vision Pro project was led by Mike Rockwell, Apple's VP of the Technology Development Group. The team grew to over 1,000 engineers, drawing expertise from across Apple's hardware, software, and design divisions. Jony Ive, Apple's former Chief Design Officer, contributed to the initial design direction before his departure in 2019.


Following its announcement, the Vision Pro was released in the United States on February 2, 2024, with initial availability limited to Apple Stores where customers could receive a personalized fitting. International release followed on July 12, 2024, with availability in the UK, Canada, Australia, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea.
=== WWDC 2023 Announcement ===
Apple unveiled Vision Pro at WWDC 2023 in Cupertino, presenting the device as a new product category rather than simply a VR headset. CEO Tim Cook described it as "the most advanced personal electronics device ever created." The announcement emphasized the device's capability for work, entertainment, communication, and spatial experiences.


==Design and Hardware==
=== Delayed International Launch ===
[[File:apple vision pro4.jpg|350px|right]]
Following the February 2024 US launch, Apple expanded availability to additional countries on July 12, 2024, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and the UK. The staggered rollout reflected Apple's careful approach to supply chain management and retail experience development.
===Physical Design===
The Apple Vision Pro features a distinctive design with a curved, laminated glass front panel and an aluminum alloy frame. The headset uses a modular design with several components that can be customized to fit individual users:


* Light Seal: A flexible component that conforms to the user's face to prevent light leakage
== Design Philosophy ==
* Light Seal Cushion: A cushioned attachment for comfort
* Head bands: Two options included - Solo Knit Band and Dual Loop Band


Unlike most VR headsets, the Vision Pro uses an external battery pack connected via a cable to the left temple of the headset. This design choice reduces the weight on the user's head but means the device must always be tethered to its battery during use. The headset weighs between 600-650g depending on configuration, with the separate battery weighing an additional 353g<ref name="specs">Apple. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Technical Specifications. https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/specs/</ref>.
=== Spatial Computing Concept ===
Apple positioned Vision Pro not as a VR or AR headset but as a "spatial computer"—a device that brings digital content into the user's physical space. This framing emphasizes productivity and everyday use rather than gaming, distinguishing Apple's approach from competitors.


The device includes two physical controls: a Digital Crown similar to that found on the [[Apple Watch]], which controls the level of immersion and acts as a home button, and a top button used for taking spatial photos and videos<ref name="tomsguide">Spoonauer, M. (2025). Apple Vision Pro review: A revolution in progress. Tom's Guide. https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/smart-glasses/apple-vision-pro-review</ref>.
=== Premium Materials ===
The Vision Pro's construction reflects Apple's design philosophy:
* '''Aluminum enclosure''': Custom aluminum alloy housing the optical system and electronics
* '''Laminated glass front''': Three-dimensionally formed glass serves as the lens cover and sensor window
* '''Textile components''': Soft, breathable materials for the Light Seal and head bands
* '''Precision manufacturing''': Industry-leading tolerances for optical alignment


===Display Technology===
=== EyeSight Feature ===
The Vision Pro uses dual [[micro-OLED display]]s with a combined 23 million pixels (approximately 3660 × 3200 pixels per eye). With a pixel density of 3386 PPI, these displays effectively eliminate the "screen door effect" common in many VR headsets<ref name="uploadvr">Heaney, D. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Full Specs, Features & Details. UploadVR. https://www.uploadvr.com/apple-vision-pro-specs/</ref>.
A unique curved OLED display on the front of the headset shows an image of the user's eyes to people nearby, maintaining social connection and awareness. When the user is fully immersed, the display shows abstract swirling patterns to indicate they're unavailable for interaction.


The displays support variable [[refresh rate]]s of 90Hz, 96Hz, and 100Hz, with the system automatically selecting the appropriate rate based on content. For example, when watching 24 FPS movies, the screen runs at 96Hz to display each movie frame for exactly three display frames<ref name="uploadvr"></ref>. The displays support various HDR formats including Dolby Vision, HDR10, and HLG.
=== Modular Fit System ===
Vision Pro uses a modular approach to achieving proper fit:
* '''Light Seal''': Soft cushion that blocks external light, available in multiple sizes and shapes
* '''Light Seal Cushion''': Interchangeable cushion that attaches to the Light Seal
* '''Solo Knit Band''': 3D knitted headband providing comfort and breathability
* '''Dual Loop Band''': Alternative band with top and back adjustment for additional stability


===Processing Power===
== Display Technology ==
The Vision Pro is powered by two custom Apple chips:


* Apple M2: An 8-core CPU with 4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores, featuring a 10-core GPU and 16-core Neural Engine with 16GB of unified memory
=== Micro-OLED Panels ===
* Apple R1: A dedicated spatial coprocessor with 256GB/s memory bandwidth that processes input from the cameras and sensors with just 12 milliseconds of photon-to-photon latency
The Vision Pro features two custom micro-OLED displays manufactured by Sony, each approximately the size of a postage stamp:
* '''Resolution''': 3660 × 3200 pixels per eye (23 million total)
* '''Pixel Pitch''': 7.5 microns
* '''Pixel Density''': 3,386 PPI—more than 4K resolution per eye
* '''Refresh Rates''': 90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz (optimized for video content)
* '''HDR Support''': Peak brightness up to 5,000 nits
* '''Color Coverage''': 92% DCI-P3 gamut


The combination of these chips enables the Vision Pro to deliver high-performance spatial computing experiences with minimal latency<ref name="specs"></ref>.
These displays represent the highest resolution and pixel density ever achieved in a consumer head-mounted display.


===Cameras and Sensors===
=== Optical System ===
The Vision Pro uses a three-element catadioptric lens system (pancake lenses):
* Compact optical path enabling slim form factor
* Custom-shaped lenses with precisely placed inserts for vision correction
* Minimal distortion across the field of view
* High light transmission efficiency


The Vision Pro incorporates an extensive array of [[camera]]s and [[sensor]]s:
=== ZEISS Optical Inserts ===
For users requiring vision correction, Apple partnered with ZEISS to create magnetic optical inserts:
* Prescription ranges from -8.00 to +6.00 diopters
* Cylinder correction up to 4.00
* Reader inserts for presbyopia (+0.75 to +3.00)
* Precision alignment with the display system
* Sold separately ($99-$149)


* Two high-resolution main cameras for color [[passthrough]]
== Silicon and Processing ==
* Six world-facing [[tracking cameras]] for [[spatial positioning]]
* Four [[eye-tracking]] cameras to monitor eye movements and gaze
* [[TrueDepth camera]] for facial expression tracking
* [[LiDAR Scanner]] for room mapping and depth sensing
* Four [[inertial measurement unit]]s (IMUs)
* Flicker sensor and ambient light sensor


This sensor array enables the headset's key features, including precise hand and eye tracking, room mapping, and the realistic passthrough view that forms the foundation of its mixed reality capabilities<ref name="specs"></ref>.
=== M2 Chip ===
The Apple M2 serves as the main processor, handling operating system functions and application processing:
* '''CPU''': 8-core (4 performance + 4 efficiency) at up to 3.49 GHz
* '''GPU''': 10-core graphics
* '''Neural Engine''': 16-core, 15.8 trillion operations per second
* '''Unified Memory''': 16GB
* '''Manufacturing''': 5nm process technology


===Audio System===
The M2 enables running complete macOS and iOS applications, positioning Vision Pro as a genuine computing platform rather than merely a display device.
The Vision Pro features integrated speakers called "[[audio pods]]," each containing two drivers positioned near the user's ears. These deliver spatial audio with dynamic head tracking, creating the impression that sounds are coming from specific locations in the environment.


The audio system also includes a six-microphone array with directional beamforming for clear voice capture. The headset supports direct connection to AirPods Pro 2 with USB-C and AirPods 4 for private audio<ref name="specs"></ref>.
=== R1 Chip ===
Apple's custom R1 chip represents a breakthrough in real-time sensor processing:
* '''Purpose''': Dedicated sensor fusion and display processing
* '''Latency''': 12 milliseconds photon-to-photon
* '''Bandwidth''': 256 GB/s memory bandwidth
* '''Sensor Processing''': Handles 12 cameras, 5 sensors, 6 microphones simultaneously


===Battery and Power===
The R1's low latency eliminates the motion sickness often associated with VR headsets, as the visual display updates virtually instantaneously with head movement.
Unlike most standalone [[VR headsets]], the Vision Pro uses an external battery pack connected via a cable. This battery provides approximately 2 hours of general use or 2.5 hours of video playback. The headset can be used while the battery is charging through its USB-C port, allowing for extended sessions when near a power outlet<ref name="specs"></ref>.


==Software and User Interface==
== Sensor Array ==
===visionOS===
[[File:visionos3.jpg|350px|right]]
The Apple Vision Pro runs on [[visionOS]], Apple's operating system specifically designed for spatial computing. visionOS is built on the foundation of other Apple operating systems but optimized for three-dimensional interaction in space. It features a familiar app-based interface with iOS-like icons floating in the user's environment.


Major versions of visionOS released so far include:
=== Camera System ===
Vision Pro contains 23 sensors including:
* '''2× Main cameras''': High-resolution stereoscopic passthrough
* '''6× World-facing cameras''': Tracking and spatial understanding
* '''4× Eye-tracking cameras''': IR sensors for gaze detection
* '''TrueDepth camera''': Face tracking for Persona creation
* '''LiDAR scanner''': Depth mapping and spatial awareness


* visionOS 1.0: Initial release (February 2024)
== Input System ==
* visionOS 1.1: Improved Personas and various bugfixes
* visionOS 2.0: Introduced new hand gestures, persistent windows, and other features (September 2024)
* visionOS 2.4: Upcoming release adding Apple Intelligence features (April 2025)


===Input Methods===
=== Eye Tracking ===
The Vision Pro uses a combination of [[eye tracking]], [[hand gestures]], and [[voice command]]s as its primary input methods:
The Vision Pro's primary input method relies on precision eye tracking:
* Sub-degree accuracy gaze detection
* Highlight items by looking at them
* Select with a finger pinch gesture
* Scroll by looking and using hand gestures
* Feels natural within minutes of use


* [[Eye tracking]]: Users look at interface elements to select them
=== Hand Tracking ===
* [[Hand gestures]]: Primarily using a pinch gesture with thumb and index finger to "click" on items
The camera system tracks hands and fingers without controllers:
* [[Voice command]]s: Using Siri or dictation for text input and system control
* Recognition at various positions in view
* Pinch gestures for selection
* Grasp and manipulation for 3D content
* Pointing and touching for direct interaction


This hands-free interaction model eliminates the need for physical controllers typically associated with VR headsets. The eye tracking system also powers OpticID, an iris-based authentication system similar to Face ID on iPhones<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.
=== Voice Input ===
Siri integration and dictation support:
* Voice commands for system functions
* Dictation for text input
* App-specific voice controls


===Environments===
== Passthrough Technology ==
Vision Pro offers various virtual "Environments" that can replace or blend with the user's real surroundings. These include natural settings like Yosemite National Park, Mount Hood, and Joshua Tree, as well as fantastical locations like the Moon. Users can control the level of immersion by turning the Digital Crown, seamlessly transitioning between full passthrough of the real world and complete immersion in the virtual environment<ref name="wired">Chokkattu, J. (2024). Review: Apple Vision Pro. Wired. https://www.wired.com/review/apple-vision-pro/</ref>.


===EyeSight and Persona===
=== High-Fidelity Passthrough ===
Two unique features of visionOS are [[EyeSight]] and [[Persona]]:
Vision Pro's passthrough system aims to create "magic window" clarity:
* Stereoscopic 3D view of the environment
* 12-megapixel resolution per eye
* Wide dynamic range for varied lighting
* Minimal latency creating natural viewing experience


* [[EyeSight]]: An external display on the front of the headset that shows a rendering of the user's eyes to people nearby. This display changes based on the user's level of immersion and awareness of their surroundings.
=== Digital Crown Control ===
The Digital Crown dial adjusts the blend between virtual and real:
* Rotate to increase or decrease immersion
* Quick access to passthrough view
* Smooth transitions between environments


* [[Persona]]: A digital avatar created by scanning the user's face, used for video calls and FaceTime when wearing the headset. The system captures facial expressions and eye movements to animate the avatar in real-time<ref name="ign">Macy, S. G. (2024). Apple Vision Pro Review. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/apple-vision-pro-review</ref>.
== Audio System ==


==Features and Capabilities==
=== Audio Pods ===
===Spatial Computing===
Two audio pods positioned near the ears deliver spatial audio:
[[File:spatial computing1.jpg|350px|right]]
* Dual-driver design in each pod
The Vision Pro excels at "[[spatial computing]]," allowing users to position multiple app windows around their physical space. These windows remain fixed in place as the user moves around, creating a persistent digital workspace overlaid on the real world.
* Personalized Spatial Audio based on ear geometry
* Wide soundstage without blocking environmental sounds
* Ray-traced audio for realistic spatial placement


A standout feature is Mac Virtual Display, which allows users to view and interact with their Mac's screen through the Vision Pro by simply looking at their MacBook. This creates a large virtual display while still using the Mac's keyboard and trackpad for input<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.
== Software Platform ==


===Entertainment===
=== visionOS ===
The Vision Pro offers several immersive entertainment options:
The Vision Pro runs visionOS, a new operating system built on iOS and macOS foundations:
* Familiar app design patterns from iOS
* Windowed application model in 3D space
* Native spatial app framework
* Mac Virtual Display for screen mirroring


* [[3D Movies]]: Access to over 300 3D films through Apple TV+
=== Application Ecosystem ===
* [[Apple Immersive Video]]: A new format featuring 180-degree 3D video with 8K resolution
Vision Pro supports multiple application types:
* Immersive Environments for standard video content
* '''Native visionOS apps''': Designed specifically for spatial computing
* [[Spatial Audio]] for an immersive soundscape
* '''iOS/iPadOS apps''': Most iPhone and iPad apps run in compatibility mode
* '''Mac Virtual Display''': Mirror a Mac screen into the headspace
* '''Safari''': Full web browser with WebXR support


The headset can create the experience of watching content on a massive virtual screen, equivalent to a 100-foot display, placed within either the user's real environment or a virtual one<ref name="wired"></ref>.
== Persona System ==


===Spatial Photos and Videos===
=== Digital Avatar ===
The Vision Pro can capture and display spatial (3D) photos and videos:
Vision Pro creates a realistic digital representation of the user:
* Captured using the TrueDepth camera system
* Animated in real-time based on face tracking
* Used for FaceTime and other social applications
* Represents users naturally without headset visibility


* [[Spatial photos]] can be taken directly using the Vision Pro's built-in cameras
== Pricing and Configurations ==
* [[Spatial videos]] can be recorded using either the Vision Pro or an iPhone 15 Pro/Pro Max
* Panoramic photos are displayed in an immersive way that surrounds the user


The headset also enhances the viewing of traditional photos and videos by displaying them at a much larger scale than conventional screens<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Storage !! Price (USD) !! Notes
|-
| 256GB || $3,499 || Base configuration
|-
| 512GB || $3,699 || +$200 for storage upgrade
|-
| 1TB || $3,899 || Maximum storage option
|}


===Apps and Games===
Additional costs:
{{see also|Apple Vision Pros Apps|Apple Vision Pro Games}}
* ZEISS Optical Inserts: $99-$149
At launch, the Vision Pro could run over a million compatible iPhone and iPad [[apps]], with a growing number of native visionOS applications specifically designed for spatial computing. As of mid-2024, Apple reported over 2,500 native [[Vision Pro apps]] available<ref name="tomsguide"></ref>.
* AppleCare+ for Apple Vision Pro: $499
* Travel Case: $199


Notable spatial computing experiences include:
== Technical Specifications Summary ==


* [[Productivity]] apps that allow multiple virtual screens
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Creative tools]] that place 3D models in the user's space
|-
* [[Educational]] experiences like Encounter Dinosaurs that bring lifelike 3D creatures into the real world
! Specification !! Details
* Games that utilize [[hand tracking]] and [[room mapping]] for unique gameplay<ref name="reddit1">u/Nearby-Daikon-6999. (2024). Over 60 Days with Apple Vision Pro - Reflections and Experience - No more hate. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1cq670r/over_60_days_with_apple_vision_pro_reflections/</ref>
|-
| Display || Dual micro-OLED, 3660 × 3200 per eye
|-
| Total Pixels || 23 million
|-
| Pixel Density || 3386 PPI
|-
| Refresh Rate || 90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz
|-
| Field of View || ~100° horizontal
|-
| Processors || Apple M2 + Apple R1
|-
| Memory || 16GB unified
|-
| Storage || 256GB / 512GB / 1TB
|-
| Eye Tracking || Yes (precision IR tracking)
|-
| Hand Tracking || Yes (no controllers)
|-
| Passthrough || Full-color stereoscopic HDR
|-
| Latency || 12ms photon-to-photon
|-
| Audio || Spatial Audio pods
|-
| Battery Life || 2-2.5 hours
|-
| Weight || 600-650g (headset)
|-
| Operating System || visionOS
|-
| Price || $3,499-$3,899
|}


==Reception==
== See Also ==
===Critical Reception===
* [[Apple Inc.]]
The Apple Vision Pro received generally positive reviews from technology critics, who praised its display quality, innovative interface, and technical achievements, while criticizing its weight, battery life, and high price point.
* [[visionOS]]
* [[Apple M2]]
* [[Spatial Computing]]
* [[Mixed Reality]]
* [[Micro-OLED]]


Reviewers consistently highlighted the headset's impressive display technology and intuitive [[eye tracking|eye]] and [[hand tracking]] interface. The [[passthrough]] quality was considered superior to competing products, though still not fully transparent as some of Apple's marketing suggested<ref name="wired"></ref>. The ability to extend Mac displays and position multiple virtual screens was praised as a compelling productivity use case<ref name="gq">Leedham, R. (2024). Apple's Vision Pro is its most thrilling first-gen product since the iPhone. GQ. https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/apple-vision-pro-review</ref>.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}


Common criticisms included:
[[Category:Devices]]
 
[[Category:VR Headsets]]
* Weight and comfort issues during extended use
[[Category:AR Glasses]]
* The inconvenience of the tethered external battery
[[Category:Head-mounted displays]]
* Limited battery life
[[Category:Mixed Reality]]
* The high starting price of $3,499
[[Category:Standalone VR]]
* A limited selection of optimized apps at launch
[[Category:Apple]]
 
[[Category:Micro-OLED]]
Many reviews characterized the Vision Pro as an impressive but early product that demonstrated the potential of spatial computing while suggesting that future iterations would likely address many of its first-generation limitations<ref name="ign"></ref>.
[[Category:Spatial Computing]]
 
[[Category:2020s VR]]
===User Experiences===
Early adopters of the Vision Pro reported mixed experiences. Many enthusiasts praised the device's capabilities for multitasking, entertainment, and immersive experiences. Long-term users highlighted the quality of the displays, hand tracking, and interface as standout features<ref name="reddit2">u/Mundane-Complex-1902. (2024). Apple Vision Pro: Seven months later. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1fa8x4l/apple_vision_pro_seven_months_later/</ref>.
 
Common user complaints echoed professional reviews, focusing on comfort during extended wear, the cumbersome external battery, and the social awkwardness of wearing the device around others. Some users reported that while they were impressed with the technology, they found themselves using the headset less frequently than expected due to these limitations<ref name="techradar">Ulanoff, L. (2024). Vision Pro at one – I love Apple's revolutionary headset, so why do I hardly ever use it? TechRadar. https://www.techradar.com/computing/virtual-reality-augmented-reality/vision-pro-at-one-i-love-apple-revolutionary-headset-so-why-do-i-hardly-ever-use-it</ref>.
 
Many users highlighted specific use cases where they found the Vision Pro particularly valuable:
 
* Watching movies and immersive video content
* Working with multiple virtual screens
* Virtual travel through Environments and immersive videos
* Social interactions through spatial FaceTime calls
* Viewing spatial photos and videos of personal memories<ref name="reddit2"></ref>
 
===Market Impact===
While Apple has not disclosed official sales figures for the Vision Pro, analysts estimated that first-year sales ranged from 400,000 to 800,000 units. The high price point limited mass-market adoption, positioning the Vision Pro primarily as a device for early adopters, developers, and enterprise users<ref name="techradar"></ref>.
 
The Vision Pro's release has influenced the broader AR/VR market, establishing new benchmarks for display quality, interface design, and mixed reality experiences. Competing companies have reportedly adjusted their product roadmaps in response to Apple's entry into the space<ref name="reddit3">u/Brief-Assignment-691. (2024). A review of the reviews of Apple vision pro and understanding who this is for. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/VisionPro/comments/1ahybno/a_review_of_the_reviews_of_apple_vision_pro_and/</ref>.
 
==Accessories==
Apple offers several accessories for the Vision Pro:
 
* ZEISS Optical Inserts: Prescription lenses ($149) or reader lenses ($99) that magnetically attach to the headset for users who wear glasses
* Apple Vision Pro Travel Case: A protective case for transporting the headset ($199)
* Apple Vision Pro Battery Holder: A clip for attaching the battery to clothing ($49)
* Additional Light Seals and Light Seal Cushions for different face shapes or sharing the device
 
Third-party accessories include various comfort modifications, alternative head straps, and protective covers<ref name="specs"></ref>.
 
==Images==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:apple vision pro7.jpg
File:apple vision pro6.jpg
File:apple vision pro4.jpg
File:apple vision pro3.jpg
File:apple vision pro2.jpg
File:apple vision pro1.jpg
</gallery>
 
==References==
<references/>
 
 
[[Category:Platforms]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Platforms]] [[Category:Virtual Reality]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Headsets]] [[Category:Devices]] [[Category:Virtual Reality Devices]] [[Category:Mixed Reality Devices]] [[Category:Spatial Computing Devices]]

Revision as of 03:06, 8 January 2026

Apple Vision Pro
Basic Info
VR/AR Mixed Reality
Type Head-mounted display
Subtype Standalone VR
Platform visionOS
Creator Apple Inc.
Developer Apple Inc.
Manufacturer Apple Inc.
Announcement Date June 5, 2023
Release Date February 2, 2024 (US); July 12, 2024 (International)
Price $3,499 (256GB), $3,699 (512GB), $3,899 (1TB)
Website https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/
Versions 256GB, 512GB, 1TB
Requires Apple ID, iPhone (for initial setup)
Predecessor None (first generation)
Successor Apple Vision Pro M5
System
Operating System visionOS
Chipset Apple M2 + Apple R1
CPU 8-core (4 performance + 4 efficiency) @ 3.49 GHz
GPU 10-core GPU
HPU Apple R1 (sensor processing)
Storage
Storage 256GB, 512GB, or 1TB
Memory 16GB unified memory
SD Card Slot No
Display
Display Dual micro-OLED (Sony)
Subpixel Layout RGB stripe
Peak Brightness 5000 nits (peak HDR)
Resolution 3660 × 3200 per eye (23 million pixels total)
Pixel Density 3386 PPI
Refresh Rate 90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz
Persistence Low persistence
Image
Field of View ~100° horizontal
Horizontal FoV ~100°
Vertical FoV ~90°
Average Pixel Density 34 PPD
Peak Pixel Density 40+ PPD (foveal region)
Foveated Rendering Dynamic (eye-tracked)
Optics
Optics Catadioptric pancake lenses (3-element)
Ocularity Binocular
IPD Range Automatic (via ZEISS Optical Inserts for vision correction)
Adjustable Diopter No (ZEISS Optical Inserts required)
Passthrough Full-color stereoscopic HDR (12MP per eye)
Tracking
Tracking 6DoF inside-out
Tracking Frequency R1 processes at 12ms latency
Base Stations None required
Eye Tracking Yes (high-precision IR eye tracking)
Face Tracking Yes (TrueDepth for Persona)
Hand Tracking Yes
Body Tracking No
Rotational Tracking Yes
Positional Tracking Yes
Play Space Roomscale
Latency 12ms photon-to-photon
Audio
Audio Dual-driver spatial audio pods
Microphone Yes (6-microphone array)
3.5mm Audio Jack No
Camera 2× main cameras, 6× tracking cameras, 4× eye tracking cameras, TrueDepth camera, LiDAR scanner
Connectivity
Connectivity Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.3
Ports USB-C (DisplayPort Alt Mode)
Wired Video Yes (USB-C DisplayPort)
Wireless Video Yes (AirPlay)
WiFi Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)
Bluetooth Bluetooth 5.3
Power External battery pack
Battery Capacity 3166mAh (35.9Wh battery pack)
Battery Life 2-2.5 hours (general use)
Charge Time ~2 hours
Device
Dimensions Headset: ~200mm wide; Battery: 74mm × 95mm × 24mm
Weight 600-650g (headset); 353g (battery pack)
Material Aluminum, glass, soft textiles
Headstrap Solo Knit Band or Dual Loop Band
Haptics No
Color Silver/White
Sensors 2× main cameras, 6× world-facing cameras, 4× eye-tracking cameras, TrueDepth camera, LiDAR scanner, 4× IMUs, flicker sensor, ambient light sensor
Input Eye tracking, hand gestures, voice (Siri), virtual keyboard
Compliance FCC, CE, regulatory approvals worldwide

Property "Chipset" (as page type) with input value "Apple M2]] + [[Apple R1" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.


The Apple Vision Pro is a mixed reality head-mounted display developed by Apple Inc., announced at the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 5, 2023, and released in the United States on February 2, 2024. Marketed as Apple's first "spatial computer," the Vision Pro represents Apple's entry into the extended reality market after years of rumored development. Priced starting at $3,499, the device features dual micro-OLED displays with 23 million total pixels, the M2 chip for main processing alongside the custom R1 chip for real-time sensor processing with 12-millisecond photon-to-photon latency, and a revolutionary eye-and-hand input system that eliminates the need for controllers.

History and Development

Years of Development

Apple's development of an AR/VR headset reportedly began as early as 2015 under the internal codename "T288." The project evolved through various iterations, with Apple acquiring numerous AR-related companies and patents over the years. Key acquisitions included Metaio (AR platform), Vrvana (AR headset), Akonia Holographics (waveguide optics), and SensoMotoric Instruments (eye tracking).

Leadership and Team

The Vision Pro project was led by Mike Rockwell, Apple's VP of the Technology Development Group. The team grew to over 1,000 engineers, drawing expertise from across Apple's hardware, software, and design divisions. Jony Ive, Apple's former Chief Design Officer, contributed to the initial design direction before his departure in 2019.

WWDC 2023 Announcement

Apple unveiled Vision Pro at WWDC 2023 in Cupertino, presenting the device as a new product category rather than simply a VR headset. CEO Tim Cook described it as "the most advanced personal electronics device ever created." The announcement emphasized the device's capability for work, entertainment, communication, and spatial experiences.

Delayed International Launch

Following the February 2024 US launch, Apple expanded availability to additional countries on July 12, 2024, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and the UK. The staggered rollout reflected Apple's careful approach to supply chain management and retail experience development.

Design Philosophy

Spatial Computing Concept

Apple positioned Vision Pro not as a VR or AR headset but as a "spatial computer"—a device that brings digital content into the user's physical space. This framing emphasizes productivity and everyday use rather than gaming, distinguishing Apple's approach from competitors.

Premium Materials

The Vision Pro's construction reflects Apple's design philosophy:

  • Aluminum enclosure: Custom aluminum alloy housing the optical system and electronics
  • Laminated glass front: Three-dimensionally formed glass serves as the lens cover and sensor window
  • Textile components: Soft, breathable materials for the Light Seal and head bands
  • Precision manufacturing: Industry-leading tolerances for optical alignment

EyeSight Feature

A unique curved OLED display on the front of the headset shows an image of the user's eyes to people nearby, maintaining social connection and awareness. When the user is fully immersed, the display shows abstract swirling patterns to indicate they're unavailable for interaction.

Modular Fit System

Vision Pro uses a modular approach to achieving proper fit:

  • Light Seal: Soft cushion that blocks external light, available in multiple sizes and shapes
  • Light Seal Cushion: Interchangeable cushion that attaches to the Light Seal
  • Solo Knit Band: 3D knitted headband providing comfort and breathability
  • Dual Loop Band: Alternative band with top and back adjustment for additional stability

Display Technology

Micro-OLED Panels

The Vision Pro features two custom micro-OLED displays manufactured by Sony, each approximately the size of a postage stamp:

  • Resolution: 3660 × 3200 pixels per eye (23 million total)
  • Pixel Pitch: 7.5 microns
  • Pixel Density: 3,386 PPI—more than 4K resolution per eye
  • Refresh Rates: 90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz (optimized for video content)
  • HDR Support: Peak brightness up to 5,000 nits
  • Color Coverage: 92% DCI-P3 gamut

These displays represent the highest resolution and pixel density ever achieved in a consumer head-mounted display.

Optical System

The Vision Pro uses a three-element catadioptric lens system (pancake lenses):

  • Compact optical path enabling slim form factor
  • Custom-shaped lenses with precisely placed inserts for vision correction
  • Minimal distortion across the field of view
  • High light transmission efficiency

ZEISS Optical Inserts

For users requiring vision correction, Apple partnered with ZEISS to create magnetic optical inserts:

  • Prescription ranges from -8.00 to +6.00 diopters
  • Cylinder correction up to 4.00
  • Reader inserts for presbyopia (+0.75 to +3.00)
  • Precision alignment with the display system
  • Sold separately ($99-$149)

Silicon and Processing

M2 Chip

The Apple M2 serves as the main processor, handling operating system functions and application processing:

  • CPU: 8-core (4 performance + 4 efficiency) at up to 3.49 GHz
  • GPU: 10-core graphics
  • Neural Engine: 16-core, 15.8 trillion operations per second
  • Unified Memory: 16GB
  • Manufacturing: 5nm process technology

The M2 enables running complete macOS and iOS applications, positioning Vision Pro as a genuine computing platform rather than merely a display device.

R1 Chip

Apple's custom R1 chip represents a breakthrough in real-time sensor processing:

  • Purpose: Dedicated sensor fusion and display processing
  • Latency: 12 milliseconds photon-to-photon
  • Bandwidth: 256 GB/s memory bandwidth
  • Sensor Processing: Handles 12 cameras, 5 sensors, 6 microphones simultaneously

The R1's low latency eliminates the motion sickness often associated with VR headsets, as the visual display updates virtually instantaneously with head movement.

Sensor Array

Camera System

Vision Pro contains 23 sensors including:

  • 2× Main cameras: High-resolution stereoscopic passthrough
  • 6× World-facing cameras: Tracking and spatial understanding
  • 4× Eye-tracking cameras: IR sensors for gaze detection
  • TrueDepth camera: Face tracking for Persona creation
  • LiDAR scanner: Depth mapping and spatial awareness

Input System

Eye Tracking

The Vision Pro's primary input method relies on precision eye tracking:

  • Sub-degree accuracy gaze detection
  • Highlight items by looking at them
  • Select with a finger pinch gesture
  • Scroll by looking and using hand gestures
  • Feels natural within minutes of use

Hand Tracking

The camera system tracks hands and fingers without controllers:

  • Recognition at various positions in view
  • Pinch gestures for selection
  • Grasp and manipulation for 3D content
  • Pointing and touching for direct interaction

Voice Input

Siri integration and dictation support:

  • Voice commands for system functions
  • Dictation for text input
  • App-specific voice controls

Passthrough Technology

High-Fidelity Passthrough

Vision Pro's passthrough system aims to create "magic window" clarity:

  • Stereoscopic 3D view of the environment
  • 12-megapixel resolution per eye
  • Wide dynamic range for varied lighting
  • Minimal latency creating natural viewing experience

Digital Crown Control

The Digital Crown dial adjusts the blend between virtual and real:

  • Rotate to increase or decrease immersion
  • Quick access to passthrough view
  • Smooth transitions between environments

Audio System

Audio Pods

Two audio pods positioned near the ears deliver spatial audio:

  • Dual-driver design in each pod
  • Personalized Spatial Audio based on ear geometry
  • Wide soundstage without blocking environmental sounds
  • Ray-traced audio for realistic spatial placement

Software Platform

visionOS

The Vision Pro runs visionOS, a new operating system built on iOS and macOS foundations:

  • Familiar app design patterns from iOS
  • Windowed application model in 3D space
  • Native spatial app framework
  • Mac Virtual Display for screen mirroring

Application Ecosystem

Vision Pro supports multiple application types:

  • Native visionOS apps: Designed specifically for spatial computing
  • iOS/iPadOS apps: Most iPhone and iPad apps run in compatibility mode
  • Mac Virtual Display: Mirror a Mac screen into the headspace
  • Safari: Full web browser with WebXR support

Persona System

Digital Avatar

Vision Pro creates a realistic digital representation of the user:

  • Captured using the TrueDepth camera system
  • Animated in real-time based on face tracking
  • Used for FaceTime and other social applications
  • Represents users naturally without headset visibility

Pricing and Configurations

Storage Price (USD) Notes
256GB $3,499 Base configuration
512GB $3,699 +$200 for storage upgrade
1TB $3,899 Maximum storage option

Additional costs:

  • ZEISS Optical Inserts: $99-$149
  • AppleCare+ for Apple Vision Pro: $499
  • Travel Case: $199

Technical Specifications Summary

Specification Details
Display Dual micro-OLED, 3660 × 3200 per eye
Total Pixels 23 million
Pixel Density 3386 PPI
Refresh Rate 90Hz, 96Hz, 100Hz
Field of View ~100° horizontal
Processors Apple M2 + Apple R1
Memory 16GB unified
Storage 256GB / 512GB / 1TB
Eye Tracking Yes (precision IR tracking)
Hand Tracking Yes (no controllers)
Passthrough Full-color stereoscopic HDR
Latency 12ms photon-to-photon
Audio Spatial Audio pods
Battery Life 2-2.5 hours
Weight 600-650g (headset)
Operating System visionOS
Price $3,499-$3,899

See Also

References

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