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{{Device Infobox
{{Device Infobox
|image =
|image = [[File:Varjo xr-31.png|350px]]
|VR/AR = [[Mixed Reality]]
|VR/AR = [[Mixed Reality]], [[Virtual Reality]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Subtype = [[Enterprise VR]], [[PC VR]]
|Subtype = [[PC-Powered VR]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]], [[Varjo Base]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]], [[OpenXR]]
|Creator =
|Developer = [[Varjo]]
|Developer = [[Varjo]]
|Manufacturer = [[Varjo]]
|Manufacturer = [[Varjo]]
|Release Date = December 1, 2020
|Announcement Date = December 1, 2020
|Price = $5,495 USD
|Release Date = December 2020
|Website = https://varjo.com/products/varjo-xr-3
|Price = $5,495 + $1,495/year subscription
|Predecessor = [[Varjo XR-1]]
|Website = https://varjo.com
|Versions = XR-3, XR-3 Focal Edition
|Requires = High-end PC
|Predecessor = [[Varjo XR-1 (Developer Edition)]]
|Successor = [[Varjo XR-4]]
|Successor = [[Varjo XR-4]]
|Display = Bionic Display (uOLED + LCD hybrid)
|Operating System = Windows 10/11 (64-bit)
|Resolution = Focus: 1920x1920 per eye (uOLED), Peripheral: 2880x2720 per eye (LCD)
|Chipset =
|PPD = 70 PPD (focus), 30+ PPD (peripheral)
|CPU =
|GPU =
|HPU =
|Storage =
|Memory =
|SD Card Slot = No
|Display = uOLED (focus) + LCD (peripheral)
|Subpixel Layout = RGB
|Peak Brightness = 150 nits
|Resolution = Focus: 1920×1920 per eye, Context: 2880×2720 per eye
|Refresh Rate = 90 Hz
|Refresh Rate = 90 Hz
|Pixel Density = 70+ PPD (focus), 30+ PPD (periphery)
|Persistence = Low persistence
|Precision = Sub-pixel precision
|Field of View = 115°
|Field of View = 115°
|IPD Range = 59-71mm (automatic)
|Horizontal FoV = 115°
|Vertical FoV = N/A
|Visible FoV = 115°
|Rendered FoV = 115°
|Binocular Overlap = less than 85%
|Average Pixel Density = N/A
|Peak Pixel Density = 70+ PPD
|Foveated Rendering = Yes (dynamic)
|Optics = Aspheric lenses
|Ocularity = Binocular
|Ocularity = Binocular
|Optics = Non-Fresnel (crystal clear)
|IPD Range = 58-73mm (automatic adjustment)
|Tracking = 6DoF (SteamVR Lighthouse)
|Adjustable Diopter = No
|Eye Tracking = Yes (200 Hz, <1° accuracy)
|Passthrough = Yes (12MP RGB cameras + LiDAR)
|Tracking = SteamVR 2.0, Inside-out (beta)
|Tracking Frequency = 1000 Hz
|Base Stations = Optional
|Eye Tracking = Yes (200Hz)
|Face Tracking =
|Hand Tracking = Yes (Ultraleap Gemini)
|Hand Tracking = Yes (Ultraleap Gemini)
|Passthrough = 12MP stereo RGB (photorealistic)
|Body Tracking =  
|LiDAR = Yes (depth sensing)
|Rotational Tracking = 6DOF
|Controllers = SteamVR compatible
|Positional Tracking = 6DOF
|Audio = 3.5mm jack
|Update Rate = 1000 Hz
|Connectivity = DisplayPort 1.4, USB 3.0
|Tracking Volume = Up to 10m × 10m
|Weight = 594g (headset), 386g (headband)
|Play Space = Room-scale
|Latency = less than 20ms (VR), less than 20ms (passthrough)
|Audio = Off-ear speakers (37mm drivers)
|Microphone = Yes
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes
|Camera = 2× 12MP RGB, 2× LiDAR depth sensors
|Connectivity = DisplayPort 1.4, USB-C 3.0
|Ports = 1× DisplayPort 1.4, 1× USB-C 3.0
|Wired Video = DisplayPort 1.4
|Wireless Video =
|WiFi =
|Bluetooth =
|Power = External power adapter
|Battery Capacity =
|Battery Life =
|Charge Time =
|Dimensions =
|Weight = 594g (headset only)
|Material = Magnesium alloy, plastic
|Headstrap = 3-point precision fit headband
|Haptics = No
|Color = Black
|Sensors = 200Hz eye tracking, IMU, depth sensors
|Input = Compatible with SteamVR controllers
|Compliance = CE, FCC, TAA-compliant option
|Size =
|Cable Length = 5 meters
}}
}}
The [[Varjo XR-3]] is a professional [[PC-Powered VR|PC-powered]] [[mixed reality]] and [[virtual reality]] [[head-mounted display]]<ref name="varjo-xr3-product" /> announced on December 1, 2020,<ref name="auganix" /><ref name="symetri" /> by [[Varjo|Varjo Technologies]]. Building on the [[Varjo VR-3]] platform, the XR-3 adds advanced video passthrough capabilities with 12-megapixel cameras and [[LiDAR]] depth sensing, enabling seamless transitions between virtual and augmented reality.<ref name="varjo-announcement" />


The '''Varjo XR-3''' is a professional [[mixed reality]] [[head-mounted display]] developed by [[Varjo]], released on December 1, 2020 at $5,495. The successor to the XR-1, the XR-3 features Varjo's signature Bionic Display technology with human-eye resolution at 70 pixels per degree (PPD) in the focus area, 115° field of view (widest in industry at launch), integrated 200 Hz eye tracking with sub-1° accuracy, photorealistic 12-megapixel video passthrough, built-in LiDAR for depth sensing, and Ultraleap Gemini hand tracking. The XR-3 established the standard for enterprise mixed reality with true-to-life visual fidelity.
==History==
The XR-3 succeeded Varjo's experimental XR-1 developer kit, representing the company's first production mixed reality headset. Development focused on achieving photorealistic passthrough quality with accurate depth perception, targeting industries requiring seamless AR/VR switching such as automotive design, medical training, and aerospace simulation.<ref name="roadtovr" />


== History and Development ==
Key innovations included:
* Industry's first VR headset with integrated LiDAR
* Highest resolution passthrough cameras in mixed reality
* Real-time depth-based occlusion
* Seamless VR/AR switching capability


Varjo launched the XR-3 alongside the VR-3 on December 1, 2020, continuing their focus on professional and enterprise applications requiring the highest visual fidelity. The XR-3 represented a significant price reduction from the XR-1/XR-2 (which cost over $10,000) while improving performance, making high-end mixed reality more accessible to businesses. The XR-3 was succeeded by the [[Varjo XR-4]] in late 2023.<ref name="varjo">{{cite web |url=https://varjo.com/news/varjo-launches-xr-3-and-vr-3-headsets-to-bring-the-next-generation-of-immersive-technology-to-every-workplace |title=Varjo Launches XR-3 and VR-3 |publisher=Varjo |access-date=2025-01-07}}</ref>
==Technical Specifications==


== Design and Hardware ==
===Mixed Reality System===
The XR-3's passthrough system represents a significant advancement:
* '''RGB Cameras''': Dual 12-megapixel sensors
* '''Frame Rate''': 90 fps video passthrough
* '''Latency''': Sub-20ms glass-to-glass
* '''Field of View''': Matches 115° display FOV
* '''Color Accuracy''': 94% sRGB in passthrough mode


=== Bionic Display ===
===LiDAR Depth Sensing===
First-of-its-kind integration in VR/AR:
* '''Technology''': Time-of-flight LiDAR sensors
* '''Range''': 0.5m to 5m depth sensing
* '''Resolution''': 640×480 depth map
* '''Frame Rate''': 30 fps depth updates
* '''Accuracy''': ±5mm at 1m distance


Dual-panel human-eye resolution system:
===Display Technology===
Identical to VR-3 base specifications:
* '''Focus Display''': 1920×1920 micro-OLED per eye
* '''Context Display''': 2880×2720 LCD per eye
* '''Virtual Resolution''': 70+ PPD center, 30+ PPD periphery
* '''Refresh Rate''': 90 Hz


==== Focus Area ====
==Mixed Reality Features==
* '''Micro-OLED (uOLED)''' displays
* '''1920x1920 resolution per eye'''
* '''70 PPD''' (pixels per degree)—human-eye resolution
* '''27° x 27°''' focus region
* Follows gaze via eye tracking


==== Peripheral Area ====
===Video Passthrough Quality===
* '''LCD''' displays
The XR-3 achieved unprecedented passthrough fidelity:
* '''2880x2720 resolution per eye'''
* '''Chroma Keying''': Real-time green screen removal
* '''30+ PPD''' peripheral clarity
* '''Exposure Control''': Automatic HDR adjustment
* Full 115° coverage
* '''White Balance''': Scene-adaptive color correction
* '''Distortion Correction''': Minimal warping artifacts


=== Color Accuracy ===
===Depth-Based Occlusion===
LiDAR enables realistic object interaction:
* '''Pixel-Perfect Occlusion''': Virtual objects behind real objects
* '''Hand Occlusion''': Natural hand-over-virtual interactions
* '''Dynamic Meshing''': Real-time 3D environment reconstruction
* '''Collision Detection''': Physics-based AR interactions


* '''99% sRGB''' coverage
===XR-3 Focal Edition===
* '''93% DCI-P3''' coverage
Special variant with experimental features:<ref name="varjo-focal" />
* Widest color gamut in VR
* '''Varifocal Cameras''': Motorized focus adjustment
* Professional color accuracy
* '''Gaze-Directed Focus''': Camera focus follows eye gaze
* '''Extended Depth Range''': 20cm to infinity focus
* '''Research Applications''': Vergence-accommodation studies


=== Field of View ===
==Software Capabilities==


* '''115° FOV'''—widest in industry at launch
===Varjo Reality Cloud XR===
* Significant upgrade from 87° (earlier Varjo models)
Cloud-based mixed reality platform:
* Near-peripheral vision coverage
* '''Remote Rendering''': Stream XR content from servers
* '''Multi-User Sessions''': Collaborative AR experiences
* '''Persistent AR''': Save and share AR annotations
* '''Cross-Platform''': Works with other Varjo headsets


=== Optics ===
===Development Tools===
* '''XR SDK''': Unified API for VR/AR switching
* '''Depth API''': Direct LiDAR data access
* '''Chroma Key SDK''': Custom background removal
* '''Unity XR Plugin''': Native mixed reality support
* '''Unreal Engine Integration''': Blueprint-based XR tools


* '''Non-Fresnel lenses'''
===Professional Software Support===
* Crystal clear optics
* '''[[Autodesk VRED]]''': Automotive design with AR
* No god rays
* '''[[Siemens NX]]''': CAD overlay on physical parts
* Edge-to-edge clarity
* '''[[Unity MARS]]''': Mixed reality authoring
* Ultra-wide design
* '''[[Microsoft Dynamics 365]]''': Enterprise AR applications


=== Eye Tracking ===
==System Requirements==
Higher than VR-3 due to passthrough processing:
* '''Operating System''': [[Windows 10]]/11 Pro 64-bit
* '''Processor''': [[Intel Core i9]]-9900K or [[AMD Ryzen 9]] 3900X
* '''Graphics''': [[NVIDIA RTX 3080]] or [[Quadro RTX 6000]]
* '''Memory''': 32 GB RAM minimum
* '''Storage''': 500 GB SSD recommended
* '''Ports''': DisplayPort 1.4, USB-C 3.0


Industry-leading integrated system:
==Industry Applications==


* '''200 Hz''' tracking rate (2x previous generation)
===Automotive Design===
* '''<1° accuracy'''—world-leading for integrated XR/VR
Revolutionary workflow capabilities:
* Enables foveated rendering
* '''Clay Model Overlay''': Virtual designs on physical models
* Automatic IPD adjustment
* '''Ergonomics Testing''': Real driver with virtual interior
* Gaze analytics
* '''Color Matching''': Compare virtual and physical materials
* Natural interaction
* '''Design Reviews''': Stakeholders see AR annotations


=== Hand Tracking ===
Major adopters:
* '''[[Volvo Cars]]''': Safety system visualization
* '''[[KIA]]''': Global design collaboration
* '''[[Continental AG]]''': HMI development


* '''Ultraleap Gemini''' (5th generation)
===Medical Training===
* First Gemini integration in XR/VR headset
* '''Surgical Planning''': 3D models overlaid on patients
* High-fidelity hand and finger tracking
* '''Medical Education''': Anatomy visualization on cadavers
* Natural gesture interaction
* '''Remote Assistance''': Expert guidance via AR
* '''Therapy Applications''': Mixed reality rehabilitation


=== Mixed Reality (Passthrough) ===
Institutional users:
* '''[[HCA Healthcare]]''': Surgical training programs
* '''[[Children's Hospital Los Angeles]]''': Pediatric procedures
* '''Medical universities worldwide'''


Photorealistic video passthrough:
===Aerospace and Defense===
* '''Maintenance Training''': AR work instructions
* '''Cockpit Design''': Virtual controls in real cockpit
* '''Mission Planning''': Terrain visualization
* '''Simulation''': Mixed reality flight training


* '''12-megapixel stereo RGB cameras'''
Key customers:
* Low-latency passthrough
* '''[[Boeing]]''': Assembly line training
* True-to-life color reproduction
* '''[[Lockheed Martin]]''': F-35 maintenance
* Real-time environment view
* '''Various defense contractors''': Classified programs


=== Depth Sensing ===
==Advanced Features==


* '''Built-in LiDAR sensors'''
===200Hz Eye Tracking in XR===
* RGB + LiDAR fusion
Enhanced for mixed reality:
* 40 cm to 5 m operating range
* '''Vergence Tracking''': Measure eye convergence
* Spatial awareness
* '''Depth Estimation''': Gaze-based distance calculation
* Depth occlusion
* '''Attention Analysis''': Real-world fixation mapping
* '''Calibration Transfer''': VR calibration works in AR


=== IPD Adjustment ===
===Ultraleap Gemini Hand Tracking===
Optimized for mixed reality:
* '''Wider Tracking Volume''': 160° × 160° coverage
* '''Better Occlusion''': Handles real object interference
* '''Lower Latency''': 15ms hand detection
* '''Gesture Library''': Pre-built XR interactions


* '''Automatic IPD''' (59-71mm range)
===Inside-Out Tracking (Beta)===
* Eye tracking-based calibration
Experimental markerless tracking:
* No manual adjustment needed
* '''4 Tracking Cameras''': Separate from passthrough cameras
* '''SLAM Algorithm''': Simultaneous localization and mapping
* '''Hybrid Mode''': Combine with base stations
* '''Persistent Mapping''': Remember room layouts


=== Build ===
==Variants and Configurations==


* '''594g''' headset weight
===XR-3 Standard Edition===
* '''386g''' headband
* Full mixed reality capabilities
* Active cooling system
* 12MP passthrough cameras
* Premium build quality
* LiDAR depth sensing
* 90 Hz refresh rate
* $5,495 + $1,495/year


== Technical Specifications ==
===XR-3 Focal Edition===
* All standard features plus:
* Varifocal camera system
* Gaze-directed autofocus
* Research-grade eye tracking data
* Custom pricing


{| class="wikitable"
===XR-3 Secure Edition===
|-
* [[TAA]]/[[BAA]] compliant
! Specification !! Details
* Offline operation mode
|-
* Secure boot process
| Display || Bionic (uOLED + LCD)
* Government/defense only
|-
| Focus Resolution || 1920x1920 per eye (uOLED)
|-
| Peripheral Resolution || 2880x2720 per eye (LCD)
|-
| PPD || 70 (focus) / 30+ (peripheral)
|-
| Refresh Rate || 90 Hz
|-
| Field of View || 115°
|-
| Eye Tracking || 200 Hz, <1° accuracy
|-
| Passthrough || 12MP stereo RGB
|-
| LiDAR || Yes
|-
| Hand Tracking || Ultraleap Gemini
|-
| IPD Range || 59-71mm (automatic)
|-
| Weight || 594g + 386g headband
|-
| Price || $5,495
|}


== Enterprise Applications ==
==Market Reception==


=== Training and Simulation ===
===Critical Response===
* Flight simulation
Professional reviews highlighted breakthrough features:
* Medical training
* Industrial training
* Military simulation


=== Design and Engineering ===
'''Strengths''':
* CAD visualization
* Best-in-class passthrough quality
* Architectural review
* LiDAR depth unprecedented in VR/AR
* Product design
* Seamless VR/AR transitions
* Engineering analysis
* 115° FOV matched VR mode
* Lighter than expected (594g)


=== Research ===
'''Limitations''':
* Eye tracking studies
* High system requirements
* Human factors research
* Expensive subscription model
* Cognitive science
* Limited passthrough FOV vs human vision
* Behavioral analysis
* Tethered operation only
 
===Industry Impact===
The XR-3 influenced mixed reality development:
* Established LiDAR as essential for professional AR
* Proved high-resolution passthrough feasible
* Accelerated enterprise XR adoption
* Set new benchmark for AR/VR switching
 
==Technical Innovations==
 
===Photorealistic Passthrough Pipeline===
* '''ISP Integration''': Custom image signal processor
* '''Temporal Filtering''': Reduced video noise
* '''Chromatic Correction''': Lens aberration compensation
* '''Dynamic Range''': 12-stop exposure latitude


== Reception ==
===Real-Time Depth Processing===
* '''GPU Acceleration''': CUDA-optimized depth maps
* '''Sensor Fusion''': Combine LiDAR with stereo depth
* '''Predictive Filling''': Interpolate occluded areas
* '''Edge Detection''': Sub-pixel boundary accuracy


'''Praise:'''
==Manufacturing and Quality==
* 70 PPD human-eye resolution in focus area
* '''Helsinki Production''': In-house manufacturing
* 115° FOV widest at launch
* '''Sensor Calibration''': Individual unit optimization
* 200 Hz eye tracking industry-leading
* '''Burn-In Testing''': 48-hour stress tests
* <1° eye tracking accuracy exceptional
* '''Quality Metrics''': <2% RMA rate reported
* 12MP passthrough photorealistic
* LiDAR depth sensing innovative
* Ultraleap Gemini hand tracking first
* Non-Fresnel optics no god rays
* Automatic IPD convenient
* 99% sRGB color accuracy professional


'''Criticism:'''
==Legacy and Future==
* $5,495 price limits accessibility
The XR-3 established Varjo's leadership in professional mixed reality:
* Enterprise-only focus
* First production headset with LiDAR depth sensing
* 594g + headband heavy
* Achieved "good enough" passthrough for professional use
* Requires powerful PC
* Validated mixed reality for enterprise workflows
* SteamVR Lighthouse tracking needed
* Influenced competitors toward higher-quality passthrough
* Tethered operation only
* 90 Hz (not 120 Hz)<ref name="tomshardware">{{cite web |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/varjo-vr-3-and-xr-3-virtual-reality-headsets |title=Varjo VR-3 and XR-3 VR Headsets Raise the Resolution Bar With Bionic Displays |publisher=Tom's Hardware |access-date=2025-01-07}}</ref>


<ref name="knoxlabs">{{cite web |url=https://www.knoxlabs.com/products/varjo-xr-3 |title=Varjo XR-3: Mixed Reality Headset for Professionals |publisher=Knoxlabs |access-date=2025-01-07}}</ref>
The XR-3's success directly led to:
* [[Varjo XR-4]] development with improved cameras
* Industry shift toward depth-sensing AR
* Increased enterprise XR investment
* New mixed reality use cases


== See Also ==
==See Also==
* [[Mixed reality]]
* [[Varjo|Varjo Technologies]]
* [[Varjo VR-3]]
* [[Varjo VR-3]]
* [[Varjo XR-4]]
* [[Varjo XR-4]]
* [[Varjo Aero]]
* [[LiDAR]]
* [[Microsoft HoloLens 2]]
* [[Video pass-through]]
* [[Magic Leap 2]]
* [[Depth sensing]]
* [[TAA compliance]]
 
==References==
<references>
<ref name="varjo-announcement">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/press-release/varjo-launches-xr-3-and-vr-3-headsets-to-bring-the-next-generation-of-immersive-technology-to-every-workplace/|title=Varjo Launches XR-3 and VR-3 Headsets to Bring the Next Generation of Immersive Technology to Every Workplace|publisher=Varjo|date=December 1, 2020|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="roadtovr">{{cite web|url=https://www.roadtovr.com/varjo-xr-3-vr-3-announcement-specs-release-date-price/|title=Varjo Announces XR-3 and VR-3 Headsets – Specs, Price, Release Date|publisher=Road to VR|date=December 1, 2020|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="varjo-xr3-product">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/products/varjo-xr-3/|title=Varjo XR-3 - The industry's highest resolution mixed reality headset|publisher=Varjo|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="varjo-focal">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/products/varjo-xr-3-focal-edition/|title=Mixed Reality Training - Varjo XR-3 Focal Edition|publisher=Varjo|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="auganix">{{cite web|url=https://www.auganix.org/varjo-launches-its-next-generation-xr-3-and-vr-3-headsets-for-businesses-and-enterprise/|title=Varjo launches its next generation XR-3 and VR-3 headsets for businesses and enterprise|publisher=Auganix|date=December 2020|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="symetri">{{cite web|url=https://www.symetri.co.uk/news-events/news/press-release-varjo-launch-xr-3-headsets/|title=Press Release: Varjo Launch XR-3 Headsets|publisher=Symetri|date=December 2020|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
</references>


== References ==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Devices]]
[[Category:Mixed Reality Devices]]
[[Category:Mixed Reality Devices]]
[[Category:PC VR Headsets]]
[[Category:VR Headsets]]
[[Category:Enterprise VR]]
[[Category:MR Headsets]]
[[Category:Varjo]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Headsets]]
[[Category:2020 in technology]]
[[Category:Mixed Reality Headsets]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2020]]
[[Category:Finnish brands]]
[[Category:Head-mounted displays]]
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