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{{Device Infobox
{{Device Infobox
|image = [[File:Valve index21.jpeg|350px]]
|name = Valve Index
|image =
|VR/AR = [[Virtual Reality]]
|VR/AR = [[Virtual Reality]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Subtype = [[PC-Powered VR]]
|Subtype = [[PC VR]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]]
|Creator = [[Valve]]
|Creator = [[Valve Corporation]]
|Developer = [[Valve]]
|Developer = [[Valve Corporation]]
|Manufacturer = [[Valve]]
|Manufacturer = [[Valve Corporation]]
|Announcement Date = April 30, 2019
|Announcement Date = April 30, 2019
|Release Date = June 28, 2019
|Release Date = June 28, 2019
|Price = $999 (Full Kit), $749 (Headset + Controllers), $499 (Headset only), $279 (Controllers only), $149 (Base Station only)
|Price = $999 (Full Kit), $499 (Headset only)
|Website = https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index
|Website = https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index
|Versions = Valve Index (2019)
|Versions = Index Headset, Index Controllers, Full Kit, Base Stations
|Requires = Windows 10, SteamOS, or Linux; NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 / AMD RX 480 or better
|Requires = Gaming PC with DisplayPort
|Predecessor = [[HTC Vive]]
|Predecessor = [[HTC Vive]] (Valve partnership)
|Successor =  
|Successor =
|Operating System = [[Windows 10]], [[SteamOS]], [[Linux]]
|Operating System = [[Windows]], [[Linux]] (via SteamVR)
|Chipset =  
|Chipset = N/A (tethered PCVR)
|CPU = Dual Core with hyperthreading, or better
|CPU = N/A (PC-powered)
|GPU = NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970, AMD RX480, or better
|GPU = N/A (PC-powered)
|HPU =  
|HPU =
|Storage =  
|Storage = N/A
|Memory = 8 GB+
|Memory = N/A
|SD Card Slot = No
|SD Card Slot = No
|Display = Dual 1440×1600 RGB LCD panels
|Display = Dual LCD (full RGB)
|Subpixel Layout = Full RGB
|Subpixel Layout = RGB stripe
|Peak Brightness =  
|Peak Brightness = Not specified
|Resolution = 2880×1600 (combined)
|Resolution = 1440 × 1600 per eye (2880 × 1600 combined)
|Refresh Rate = 80/90/120/144Hz
|Pixel Density = ~14.5 PPD (estimated)
|Pixel Density =
|Refresh Rate = 80Hz, 90Hz, 120Hz, 144Hz (experimental)
|Persistence = 0.330ms to 0.530ms (varies with refresh rate)
|Persistence = 0.330ms (at 144Hz)
|Precision =
|Field of View = 108° (typical), up to 130° (adjustable)
|Field of View = ~130 degrees (diagonal)
|Horizontal FoV = ~108°
|Horizontal FoV = ~108 degrees
|Vertical FoV = ~108°
|Peak Pixel Density =  
|Average Pixel Density = ~14.5 PPD
|Peak Pixel Density = ~14.5 PPD
|Foveated Rendering = No
|Foveated Rendering = No
|Optics = Double element, canted Fresnel lens design
|Optics = Dual-element canted Fresnel lenses
|Ocularity =  
|Ocularity = Binocular
|IPD Range = 58mm - 70mm (physical adjustment)
|IPD Range = 58-70mm (mechanical adjustment)
|Adjustable Diopter = No
|Adjustable Diopter = No (glasses compatible)
|Passthrough = Stereo pass-through via front cameras
|Passthrough = No (front-facing camera for room view)
|Tracking = [[SteamVR Tracking]], (Lighthouse 2.0)
|Tracking = 6DoF outside-in (SteamVR Tracking 2.0)
|Tracking Frequency = 100Hz laser sweep
|Tracking Frequency = 1000Hz
|Base Stations = Up to 4 supported
|Base Stations = Required (SteamVR 2.0 base stations)
|Eye Tracking = No
|Eye Tracking = No
|Face Tracking = No
|Face Tracking = No
|Hand Tracking = Via controllers (finger tracking)
|Hand Tracking = No (Index controllers provide finger tracking)
|Body Tracking = No (compatible with third-party trackers)
|Body Tracking = Via SteamVR trackers
|Rotational Tracking = 6 DOF
|Rotational Tracking = Yes
|Positional Tracking = 6 DOF
|Positional Tracking = Yes
|Update Rate =  
|Update Rate = 1000Hz
|Tracking Volume = Up to 10m × 10m with 4 base stations
|Tracking Volume = Up to 10m × 10m (with 4 base stations)
|Play Space = Up to 10m × 10m
|Play Space = Roomscale
|Latency =  
|Latency = <11ms motion-to-photon
|Audio = Built-in: 37.5mm off-ear Balanced Mode Radiators (BMR)
|Audio = Near-field speakers (off-ear)
|Microphone = Dual Microphone Array
|Microphone = Yes (dual microphone)
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes
|Camera = Stereo 960 × 960 pixel, global shutter, RGB (Bayer)
|Camera = 2× stereo RGB cameras (passthrough)
|Connectivity = USB 3.0, DisplayPort 1.2
|Connectivity = DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0
|Ports = USB-C (expansion/accessory port)
|Ports = DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0, 3.5mm audio, 12V DC
|Wired Video = DisplayPort 1.2
|Wired Video = Yes (DisplayPort)
|Wireless Video = No
|Wireless Video = No (third-party wireless adapter available)
|WiFi = No
|WiFi = No
|Bluetooth = No
|Bluetooth = No
|Power = 12V DC
|Power = 12V DC power adapter
|Battery Capacity = N/A (wired)
|Battery Capacity = N/A
|Battery Life = N/A (wired)
|Battery Life = N/A (tethered)
|Charge Time = N/A (wired)
|Charge Time = N/A
|Dimensions =  
|Dimensions = ~200mm × 130mm × 100mm
|Weight = 809g (1.78 lbs)
|Weight = 809g (with cable)
|Material =  
|Material = Plastic, fabric, aluminum
|Headstrap = Adjustable rigid headstrap with rear adjustment dial
|Headstrap = Integrated halo strap with dial adjustment
|Haptics = Via controllers
|Haptics = Controller haptics
|Color = Black
|Color = Black/Gray
|Sensors = Accelerometer, Gyroscope
|Sensors = Lighthouse tracking photodiodes, IMU, proximity sensor
|Input = Valve Index Controllers (included)
|Input = Index Controllers (included in kit), SteamVR controllers
|Compliance =  
|Compliance = FCC, CE
|Size =
|Cable Length = 5 meters (tether cable)
|Cable Length = 5m (16.4 ft)
}}
}}
The [[Valve Index]] is an [[HMD]] offered by [[Valve Corporation]], the company behind the popular gaming platform [[Steam]]. Released in 2019, the Index represents Valve's entry into the high-end virtual reality hardware market with their own branded headset, building upon their previous collaboration with HTC on the [[HTC Vive]]. The full kit comes with a headset, two controllers, and two base stations. The headset requires a connection to a PC, and features high-resolution displays, innovative off-ear audio solution, and a wide field of view. The controllers, originally known as "Knuckles" during development, enable individual finger tracking through capacitive sensors and force detection. The base stations utilize the [[Lighthouse]] tracking system, an enhancement to the system previously used by the [[HTC Vive]].<ref name="valve_website">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index</ref><ref name="verge_review">https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/28/19102584/valve-index-steamvr-headset-review-shipping-today</ref>


__TOC__
The '''Valve Index''' is a [[PC VR]] [[head-mounted display]] developed by [[Valve Corporation]], announced on April 30, 2019, and released on June 28, 2019 at a price of $999 for the complete kit. Representing Valve's first self-developed VR hardware following their collaboration with HTC on the original Vive, the Index set new standards for high-refresh-rate VR with support for 80Hz, 90Hz, 120Hz, and an experimental 144Hz mode—the highest refresh rate available in consumer VR at the time. The headset introduced revolutionary Index Controllers featuring capacitive sensors that track individual finger positions, enabling natural hand poses without physical button presses. Combined with SteamVR 2.0 base station tracking delivering sub-millimeter accuracy, near-field off-ear speakers praised for exceptional audio quality, and dual-element canted optics providing up to 130° field of view, the Valve Index established itself as the premium PC VR reference platform.


==Overview==
== History and Development ==
The Valve Index is a high-end virtual reality system developed and manufactured entirely by [[Valve Corporation]]. It was designed with fidelity as a priority, focusing on delivering superior visual quality, comfort, and intuitive interaction. The system consists of three main components that can be purchased separately or as a complete kit: the headset, the controllers, and the base stations.<ref name="valve_website" />


===Key Features===
=== Valve's VR Journey ===
* High-resolution dual 1440×1600 LCD displays with full RGB subpixel array
Valve's involvement in VR began internally around 2012-2013, with the company's research contributing significantly to the development of consumer VR. Valve collaborated with Oculus on early prototypes before the Facebook acquisition, then partnered with HTC to release the HTC Vive in 2016, which established the SteamVR platform and Lighthouse tracking technology.
* Up to 144Hz refresh rate, providing smooth motion
* Wide ~130° field of view
* Physical IPD adjustment (58-70mm range)
* Innovative off-ear audio solution with BMR drivers
* Advanced controllers with finger tracking and pressure sensitivity
* Front expansion port ("Frunk") with USB 3.0 for modders and developers
* Stereo RGB cameras for computer vision and mixed reality applications
* Compatible with [[SteamVR]] 2.0 and 1.0 base stations<ref name="valve_website" /><ref name="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_Index</ref>


==Release and Pricing==
=== Development of Index ===
The [[Valve Index]] was officially announced on April 30, 2019, and began shipping on June 28, 2019. The system's launch came shortly after the releases of the [[Oculus Quest]] and [[Oculus Rift S]].<ref name="verge_pricing">https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/30/18524167/valve-index-vr-headset-price-pre-order-date</ref>
After the Vive's success, Valve began developing their own hardware:
* Aimed to address Vive limitations (resolution, refresh rate, FOV, audio)
* New controller design enabling finger tracking
* Upgraded Lighthouse 2.0 tracking system
* Focus on premium enthusiast market


The Index was positioned as a premium VR solution, with pricing options as follows:
=== Announcement and Launch ===
{| class="wikitable"
Valve revealed the Index in stages:
|+ Valve Index Pricing (USD)
* March 2019: Teased new VR hardware
|-
* April 2019: Full specifications announced
! Package !! Price
* June 2019: Worldwide launch
|-
 
| Complete Kit (Headset, Controllers, Base Stations) || $999
=== Half-Life: Alyx ===
|-
In November 2019, Valve announced Half-Life: Alyx—a flagship VR game designed to showcase Index capabilities. Released in March 2020, Alyx demonstrated what was possible with high-end VR hardware and drove significant Index sales, with Valve struggling to meet demand through 2020.
| Headset + Controllers || $749
 
|-
== Display Technology ==
| Headset Only || $499
 
|-
=== Dual LCD Panels ===
| Controllers Only (Pair) || $279
The Index uses custom LCD displays offering advantages over OLED alternatives:
|-
* '''Resolution''': 1440 × 1600 per eye
| Base Station (Each) || $149
* '''Total Resolution''': 2880 × 1600
|}
* '''Panel Type''': LCD with full RGB subpixel arrangement
* '''Subpixels''': 50% more subpixels than OLED at equivalent resolution


The [[Valve Index]] is available for purchase through [[Steam]] and can be shipped to the United States, Canada, and countries within the European Union.<ref name="steam_support">https://help.steampowered.com/en/faqs/view/339C-BC5C-3D89-53D9</ref>
=== RGB vs. PenTile ===
Unlike many VR headsets using PenTile OLED (RG-BG pattern), the Index's full RGB layout means:
* Every pixel has red, green, and blue subpixels
* Sharper text and fine detail
* Reduced screen door effect
* Better rendering efficiency


In 2020, with the announcement and subsequent release of [[Half-Life: Alyx]], Valve's flagship VR game, demand for the Index surged dramatically. The game was included free with all Index hardware purchases. By January 2020, the Index was sold out in all 31 available countries except Japan.<ref name="wikipedia" />
=== High Refresh Rate ===
The Index pioneered high-refresh-rate VR:
* '''80Hz''': Power-saving mode
* '''90Hz''': Standard VR refresh (backward compatible)
* '''120Hz''': High refresh mode
* '''144Hz''': Experimental maximum


==Hardware==
Higher refresh rates provide:
* Smoother motion
* Reduced motion blur
* Lower latency
* Improved comfort during fast movement


===Headset===
=== Low Persistence ===
The Valve Index headset features dual 1440×1600 LCD displays, providing a combined resolution of 2880×1600 pixels. Unlike many other VR headsets that use OLED displays, the Index utilizes LCD panels with a full RGB subpixel array, which reduces the "screen door effect" commonly seen in VR. The displays support variable refresh rates of 80Hz, 90Hz, 120Hz, and an experimental 144Hz mode, with extremely low persistence (0.330ms at 144Hz) to reduce motion blur.<ref name="wikipedia" />
Global backlight illumination enables ultra-low persistence:
* 0.330ms at 144Hz
* Dramatic motion blur reduction
* Sharp images during head movement
* Essential for high-refresh effectiveness


The headset's optics consist of a custom double-element design with canted (angled) Fresnel lenses. This configuration maximizes the field of view while maintaining edge-to-edge clarity. The Index offers approximately 108° horizontal field of view, which is wider than most competing headsets.<ref name="wikipedia" /><ref name="valve_headset">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/headset</ref>
== Optical System ==


For user comfort, the Index includes a physical interpupillary distance (IPD) adjustment mechanism with a range of 58-70mm, accommodating a wide variety of users. The adjustment is performed via a slider located beneath the displays.
=== Dual-Element Canted Lenses ===
Unique optical design provides wide FOV:
* Two optical elements per lens
* Canted (angled) toward edges
* Wider field of view than single-element designs
* Approximately 108° typical, up to 130° maximum


The headset's facial interface features premium antimicrobial microfiber cushioning attached via magnets for easy replacement. Valve has published specifications for the face gasket, enabling third-party manufacturers to develop aftermarket solutions.<ref name="valve_headset" />
=== Field of View Adjustment ===
FOV varies based on:
* Face shape and eye position
* How close eyes can get to lenses
* IPD setting
* Individual anatomy


One of the Index's standout features is its audio solution. The headset includes "off-ear" speakers that don't touch the user's ears, using 37.5mm Balanced Mode Radiator (BMR) drivers. This design provides a more natural audio experience while keeping ears cool during extended play sessions. The headset also includes a 3.5mm audio jack for users who prefer their own audio solution, as well as a dual microphone array for voice communication.<ref name="valve_headset" />
=== Eye Relief Adjustment ===
Physical adjustment allows:
* Moving lenses closer to or farther from face
* Maximizing FOV when possible
* Accommodating glasses
* Dial on side of headset controls distance


The front of the headset houses dual RGB cameras (960×960 pixels each) with global shutter sensors. These cameras enable developers to create computer vision applications and provide users with a high-quality stereo pass-through view of their surroundings.<ref name="valve_headset" />
=== IPD Adjustment ===
Mechanical slider beneath lenses:
* Range: 58-70mm
* Physical lens movement (not software)
* Ensures proper alignment for each eye


For tinkerers and developers, the Index includes a front compartment dubbed the "Frunk," which houses a USB 3.0 Type-A port specifically designed for experimental attachments and modifications.<ref name="valve_headset" />
== SteamVR Tracking 2.0 ==


===Controllers===
=== Lighthouse Technology ===
The [[Valve Index Controllers]], previously known during development as "Knuckles," represent a significant advancement in VR input devices. Unlike traditional VR controllers that must be gripped continuously, the Index Controllers are secured to the user's hands with adjustable straps, allowing users to completely release their grip without dropping the controllers.<ref name="valve_controllers">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/controllers</ref>
The Index uses Valve's Lighthouse tracking system:
* External base stations emit IR laser sweeps
* Photodiodes on headset detect laser positions
* Calculates position with sub-millimeter accuracy
* Up to 1000Hz tracking update rate


Each controller features 87 sensors that work together to track hand position, finger position, motion, and pressure. These sensors enable individual finger tracking, allowing for natural gestures and interactions in VR. The controllers continuously recalibrate to adapt to different hand sizes and changing skin capacitance.<ref name="valve_controllers" />
=== Base Station 2.0 ===
Improved over original Lighthouse:
* Single rotor design (more reliable)
* Wider tracking field (160° × 115°)
* Longer range (up to 7 meters)
* Support for up to 4 base stations simultaneously


The Index Controllers include a variety of traditional input methods:
=== Tracking Volume ===
* Analog thumbstick
With two base stations: ~5m × 5m play area
* Trackpad with force sensor
With four base stations: Up to 10m × 10m
* Two face buttons (A/B)
* System button
* Trigger with force sensor
* Grip force sensor
* Finger tracking sensors<ref name="valve_controllers" />


The controllers are powered by internal rechargeable batteries with a usage time of approximately 7 hours, and can be charged via USB-C connectors. They feature capacitive grip and button sensors, enabling the system to detect which fingers are touching the controller and which are raised, providing a more intuitive way to interact with virtual objects.<ref name="valve_controllers" />
=== Advantages ===
Outside-in tracking provides:
* Extreme accuracy
* Low latency
* Works in any lighting
* Consistent performance


A 2018 tech demo titled "Moondust" was released to showcase the capabilities of an early version of the Knuckles controllers, demonstrating the precise finger tracking and pressure sensitivity.<ref name="wikipedia" />
== Index Controllers ==


{| class="wikitable"
=== Finger Tracking Design ===
|+ Valve Index Controllers Specifications
Revolutionary controller design:
|-
* '''Capacitive Sensors''': Detect finger presence on all surfaces
! Feature !! Specification
* '''Grip Sensing''': Measures squeeze force
|-
* '''Thumb Tracking''': Position on trackpad/buttons
| Input Methods || Thumbstick, Trackpad, A/B Buttons, System Button, Trigger, Grip
* '''Index Finger''': Trigger with analog sensing
|-
| Sensors || 87 sensors per controller for position, motion, and pressure
|-
| Tracking || 6 DOF via Lighthouse system
|-
| Battery || 7+ hours per charge (rechargeable)
|-
| Charging || USB-C
|-
| Haptics || HD haptics
|-
| Strap || Adjustable at three points, antimicrobial fabric
|-
| Weight || Approximately 198g per controller
|}


===Base Stations===
=== Natural Hand Poses ===
The [[Valve Index]] utilizes Valve's [[Lighthouse]] 2.0 tracking system, which provides high-precision, sub-millimeter position tracking. The system uses external base stations that emit invisible infrared laser patterns to track the headset and controllers.<ref name="valve_basestations">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/base-stations</ref>
Controllers recognize:
* Fully open hand
* Individual finger curling
* Fist formation
* Pointing gestures
* Various grip strengths


The Lighthouse 2.0 base stations improve upon the previous generation with:
=== Strap System ===
* Wider 150° field of view
Unique hand attachment:
* Improved range
* Adjustable strap wraps around hand
* Support for up to four base stations in a single setup (vs. two in the original system)
* Controllers stay attached even when releasing grip
* Simplified design (single rotor vs. dual rotor in 1.0)
* Natural throw and release gestures possible
* No sync cable requirement between base stations<ref name="valve_basestations" /><ref name="lighthouse_article">https://mixed-news.com/en/valves-lighthouse-tracking-system-how-it-started-where-its-going/</ref>
* Comfortable for extended sessions


Each base station sweeps infrared laser beams across the play area 100 times per second, which are detected by photosensors on the headset and controllers. This allows the system to precisely track the position and orientation of all devices in 3D space.<ref name="valve_basestations" />
=== Traditional Controls ===
Also includes conventional inputs:
* Analog stick
* A and B buttons
* System button
* Trigger
* Trackpad


The tracking system can support a play area of up to 10m × 10m (approximately 33ft × 33ft) when using four base stations. For optimal tracking performance, base stations should be mounted above head height and positioned to maximize visibility of the tracked devices.<ref name="steam_community">https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2985037346</ref>
=== Battery and Charging ===
* Internal rechargeable batteries
* Charging via USB-C
* Approximately 7 hours battery life
* Charge while playing possible


Valve Index Base Stations are compatible with other SteamVR 2.0 tracking devices, including the [[HTC Vive Pro]]. Additionally, the Index headset and controllers are backward compatible with the original Lighthouse 1.0 base stations used by the original [[HTC Vive]].<ref name="valve_basestations" />
== Audio System ==


==System Requirements==
=== Near-Field Speakers ===
To use the Valve Index, a PC meeting the following minimum specifications is required:
Innovative off-ear audio design:
* Speakers positioned near ears without touching
* No ear cups or contact pressure
* BMR (Balanced Mode Radiator) drivers
* Full frequency range reproduction


{| class="wikitable"
=== Audio Quality ===
|+ Valve Index System Requirements
Widely praised audio implementation:
|-
* Excellent bass response
! Component !! Minimum !! Recommended
* Clear highs
|-
* Wide soundstage
| Operating System || Windows 10, SteamOS, Linux || Windows 10, SteamOS, Linux
* Spatial audio support
|-
* Comparable to good headphones
| Processor || Dual Core with Hyperthreading || Quad Core+
|-
| Memory || 8 GB RAM || 8 GB+ RAM
|-
| Graphics || NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 / AMD RX 480 || NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 or better
|-
| Ports || DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0 || DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0
|-
| Additional || Additional USB port required for camera passthrough || -
|}


To achieve the maximum 10m × 10m play space, four base stations are required. Users can also use the base stations that come with the [[HTC Vive]] instead of purchasing additional [[Valve Index]] base stations, although this would limit the play space to the capabilities of the Lighthouse 1.0 system.<ref name="vive_website">https://www.vive.com/us/support/vive-pro/category_howto/tips-for-setting-up-the-base-stations.html</ref>
=== Open Audio Benefits ===
Off-ear design provides:
* Comfort during extended sessions
* Environmental awareness
* No heat buildup
* Natural sound reproduction


==Setup==
=== 3.5mm Jack ===
Unlike [[standalone HMD|standalone HMDs]] like the [[Oculus Quest]], the [[Valve Index]] requires proper setup of base stations to track the user's movements. The setup process involves:
Alternative audio option:
* Use preferred headphones
* Standard jack on headset
* Maintains spatial audio processing


1. Mounting the base stations in opposite corners of the play area, ideally above head height (at least 2m/6.5ft).
=== Dual Microphones ===
2. Adjusting the base stations to point toward the center of the play area.
Integrated microphone system:
3. Connecting the headset to the PC via DisplayPort and USB.
* Two microphones for noise cancellation
4. Running the SteamVR setup process to define the play area boundaries.
* Clear voice communication
5. Pairing and calibrating the controllers.<ref name="steam_community" />
* Works well in VR social applications


For optimal tracking performance, the base stations should be positioned to maximize visibility of the headset and controllers during use. Reflective surfaces in the play area may interfere with tracking and should be covered if possible.<ref name="vive_website" />
== Physical Design ==


==Input Devices==
=== Build Quality ===
The primary input devices for the [[Valve Index]] are the Index Controllers, which come with the full kit. These controllers feature individual finger tracking, pressure sensitivity, and traditional inputs like joysticks, buttons, and triggers.
Premium construction:
* Aluminum and plastic housing
* Fabric-covered facial interface
* Robust build for enthusiast use
* High-quality materials throughout


The Index is also compatible with the controllers from the [[HTC Vive]] and [[HTC Vive Pro]], providing flexibility for users upgrading from these systems or those who prefer the traditional controller design for certain applications.<ref name="wikipedia" />
=== Head Strap ===
Integrated halo-style design:
* Rear dial for fit adjustment
* Top strap for weight distribution
* Comfortable for extended sessions
* Quick donning and doffing


For more specialized input, the Index is compatible with a variety of third-party [[SteamVR]] tracking devices, including:
=== Facial Interface ===
* Vive Trackers for full-body tracking
* Removable foam padding
* Third-party driving and flight simulator controls
* Magnetic attachment
* Specialized controller accessories<ref name="valve_website" />
* Replaceable (multiple sizes available)
* Wide face gasket included


==Accessories==
=== Cables ===
The [[Valve Index]] supports various accessories to enhance the VR experience:
* 5-meter tether cable
* Proprietary connector at headset
* DisplayPort 1.2 + USB 3.0 + 12V power
* Breakaway connection at headset for safety


* Replacement Face Gaskets - Valve sells replacement facial interfaces with cushions in 2-packs ($39.99).
== Connectivity ==
* VR Covers - Third-party facial interface covers and replacements for improved comfort and hygiene.
* Prescription Lens Adapters - For users who wear glasses.
* Cable Management Solutions - Overhead pulley systems to manage the headset's cable.
* Controller Grips - Additional grips and protective covers for the controllers.
* Frunk Accessories - USB devices that connect to the front expansion port.
* Storage Cases - Travel and storage cases for the complete system.<ref name="tomshardware">https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/valve-index-vr-headset-controllers,6205.html</ref>


==Software==
=== PC Requirements ===
The [[Valve Index]] operates using [[SteamVR]], Valve's virtual reality platform. Users can purchase games and applications through the [[Steam]] store, which offers a vast library of VR content.
Demanding specifications for full performance:
* '''Minimum GPU''': NVIDIA GTX 970 / AMD RX 480
* '''Recommended GPU''': NVIDIA GTX 1070+
* '''For 144Hz''': High-end GPU recommended (RTX 2080+)
* '''DisplayPort 1.2''': Required (HDMI adapters not supported)
* '''USB 3.0''': For data transmission


The Index is also compatible with content from [[Viveport]], HTC's VR content platform, providing additional options for applications and games.<ref name="valve_website" />
=== SteamVR Platform ===
Deeply integrated with Steam:
* Native SteamVR runtime
* OpenXR support
* Automatic software updates
* Workshop content support
* Linux support (native)


Valve's [[Half-Life: Alyx]] was developed specifically with the Index in mind and is included free with the purchase of Index hardware. This critically acclaimed game showcases the capabilities of the Index controllers, with fine-grained interactions made possible by the finger tracking technology.<ref name="wikipedia" />
== Full Kit Contents ==


==Developer Support==
{| class="wikitable"
Developers interested in creating content for the [[Valve Index]] can access resources through the [https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Main_Page Valve Developer Community]. Valve provides documentation and examples for utilizing the unique features of the Index, including:
|-
! Component !! Contents
|-
| Headset || Index HMD with integrated audio
|-
| Controllers || 2× Index Controllers with straps
|-
| Base Stations || 2× SteamVR Base Station 2.0
|-
| Accessories || Power adapters, USB cables, wall mounts
|}


* SteamVR Input System for controller integration
== Modular Purchase Options ==
* Finger tracking implementation guidelines
* High refresh rate optimization techniques
* Audio design considerations for the off-ear speakers


A dedicated Input Binding UI within SteamVR allows users to customize controller mappings for games and applications that don't natively support the Index Controllers.<ref name="valve_website" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Configuration !! Price (2019 launch) !! Use Case
|-
| Full Kit || $999 || New VR setup
|-
| Headset + Controllers || $749 || Upgrading from Vive
|-
| Headset Only || $499 || Using existing controllers
|-
| Controllers (pair) || $279 || Upgrading from Vive wands
|-
| Base Station (single) || $149 || Additional tracking coverage
|}


==Performance and Reviews==
== Wireless Adapter ==
The [[Valve Index]] has been widely praised for its high-quality displays, comfortable design, and innovative controllers. Critics have noted several standout features:


* The high refresh rate (especially at 120Hz and 144Hz) provides exceptionally smooth motion.
Third-party wireless solution available:
* The wider field of view offers a more immersive experience than most competing headsets.
* '''Manufacturer''': TPCast (HTC/Valve endorsed)
* The off-ear speakers provide excellent audio quality while maintaining awareness of the surroundings.
* '''Technology''': 60GHz wireless transmission
* The finger tracking controllers enable more natural interactions in supported applications.<ref name="verge_review" />
* '''Latency''': Minor increase over wired
* '''Battery''': External battery pack
* Not officially from Valve


Some reviewers have pointed out limitations:
== Market Position ==
* The high price makes it less accessible than more mainstream options.
* The wired connection limits mobility compared to standalone headsets.
* The external base stations require more setup than inside-out tracking solutions.
* The full resolution and refresh rate capabilities demand a powerful PC.<ref name="tomshardware" />


Despite these limitations, the Index is generally considered one of the premium VR experiences available for PC users, particularly for those who prioritize visual fidelity and tracking precision.<ref name="verge_review" />
=== Steam VR Hardware Survey ===
As of January 2025: 13.2% of SteamVR users use Valve Index
* Premium segment leader
* Popular among VR enthusiasts
* Strong sim racing and enthusiast community


==Images==
=== Competition ===
Positioned against:
* Meta Quest (different market segment)
* HP Reverb G2 (resolution-focused)
* Pimax headsets (FOV-focused)
* Bigscreen Beyond (comfort-focused)


==Future Developments==
== Technical Specifications Summary ==
In February 2021, Valve registered patents for a new VR headset, indicating ongoing development in the VR hardware space. These patents described various improvements over the current [[Valve Index]] design, suggesting that Valve continues to invest in VR technology advancement.<ref name="wikipedia" />


==History==
{| class="wikitable"
* February 2017: First prototypes of "Knuckles" controllers demonstrated.
|-
* June 2018: "Moondust" tech demo released to showcase controller capabilities.
! Specification !! Details
* March 2019: Images and preliminary information leaked via Valve's website.
|-
* April 30, 2019: [[Valve Index]] officially unveiled with full specifications.
| Display || Dual LCD, 1440 × 1600 per eye
* May 1, 2019: Pre-orders opened for the Index.
|-
* June 28, 2019: First shipments began to customers.
| Total Resolution || 2880 × 1600 (RGB)
* November 2019: [[Half-Life: Alyx]] announced, included free with Index hardware.
|-
* March 2020: [[Half-Life: Alyx]] released, driving increased demand for the Index.
| Refresh Rate || 80/90/120/144Hz
* January 2020: Index sold out in most regions due to high demand.
|-
* February 2021: Valve files patents for new VR headset design.<ref name="wikipedia" /><ref name="inverse">https://www.inverse.com/article/54708-valve-index-vr-headset-release-date-price-specs-steam</ref>
| Field of View || 108° typical (up to 130°)
|-
| Tracking || SteamVR 2.0 (outside-in)
|-
| Controllers || Index Controllers with finger tracking
|-
| Audio || Near-field speakers (off-ear)
|-
| IPD || 58-70mm (mechanical)
|-
| Weight || 809g
|-
| Connection || DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0, 12V DC
|-
| Price || $999 (Full Kit)
|}


==Images==
== See Also ==
<gallery mode="packed">
* [[Valve Corporation]]
File:valve index27.jpeg
* [[SteamVR]]
File:valve index25.jpeg
* [[HTC Vive]]
File:valve index24.jpeg
* [[Lighthouse Tracking]]
File:valve index23.jpeg
* [[PC VR]]
File:valve index22.jpeg
* [[Half-Life: Alyx]]
File:valve index21.jpeg
File:valve index19.jpg
File:valve index18.jpg
File:valve index17.jpg
File:valve index16.jpg
File:valve index15.jpg
File:valve index14.jpg
File:valve index13.jpg
File:valve index12.jpg
File:valve index11.jpg
File:valve index5.png
File:valve index4.png
File:valve index3.png
File:valve index2.png
File:valve index1.png
File:valve index28.jpg
</gallery>


==References==
== References ==
<references>
{{Reflist}}
<ref name="valve_website">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index</ref>
<ref name="valve_headset">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/headset</ref>
<ref name="valve_controllers">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/controllers</ref>
<ref name="valve_basestations">https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index/base-stations</ref>
<ref name="verge_review">https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/28/19102584/valve-index-steamvr-headset-review-shipping-today</ref>
<ref name="verge_pricing">https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/30/18524167/valve-index-vr-headset-price-pre-order-date</ref>
<ref name="tomshardware">https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/valve-index-vr-headset-controllers,6205.html</ref>
<ref name="wikipedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_Index</ref>
<ref name="steam_support">https://help.steampowered.com/en/faqs/view/339C-BC5C-3D89-53D9</ref>
<ref name="vive_website">https://www.vive.com/us/support/vive-pro/category_howto/tips-for-setting-up-the-base-stations.html</ref>
<ref name="steam_community">https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2985037346</ref>
<ref name="lighthouse_article">https://mixed-news.com/en/valves-lighthouse-tracking-system-how-it-started-where-its-going/</ref>
<ref name="inverse">https://www.inverse.com/article/54708-valve-index-vr-headset-release-date-price-specs-steam</ref>
</references>


[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Devices]]
[[Category:VR Headsets]]
[[Category:High-End VR]]
[[Category:Head-mounted displays]]
[[Category:PC VR]]
[[Category:PC VR]]
[[Category:SteamVR Compatible]]
[[Category:Valve]]
[[Category:SteamVR]]
[[Category:2010s VR]]

Revision as of 03:13, 8 January 2026

Valve Index
Basic Info
VR/AR Virtual Reality
Type Head-mounted display
Subtype PC VR
Platform SteamVR
Creator Valve Corporation
Developer Valve Corporation
Manufacturer Valve Corporation
Announcement Date April 30, 2019
Release Date June 28, 2019
Price $999 (Full Kit), $499 (Headset only)
Website https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/index
Versions Index Headset, Index Controllers, Full Kit, Base Stations
Requires Gaming PC with DisplayPort
Predecessor HTC Vive (Valve partnership)
System
Operating System Windows, Linux (via SteamVR)
Chipset N/A (tethered PCVR)
CPU N/A (PC-powered)
GPU N/A (PC-powered)
Storage
Storage N/A
Memory N/A
SD Card Slot No
Display
Display Dual LCD (full RGB)
Subpixel Layout RGB stripe
Peak Brightness Not specified
Resolution 1440 × 1600 per eye (2880 × 1600 combined)
Pixel Density ~14.5 PPD (estimated)
Refresh Rate 80Hz, 90Hz, 120Hz, 144Hz (experimental)
Persistence 0.330ms (at 144Hz)
Image
Field of View 108° (typical), up to 130° (adjustable)
Horizontal FoV ~108°
Vertical FoV ~108°
Average Pixel Density ~14.5 PPD
Peak Pixel Density ~14.5 PPD
Foveated Rendering No
Optics
Optics Dual-element canted Fresnel lenses
Ocularity Binocular
IPD Range 58-70mm (mechanical adjustment)
Adjustable Diopter No (glasses compatible)
Passthrough No (front-facing camera for room view)
Tracking
Tracking 6DoF outside-in (SteamVR Tracking 2.0)
Tracking Frequency 1000Hz
Base Stations Required (SteamVR 2.0 base stations)
Eye Tracking No
Face Tracking No
Hand Tracking No (Index controllers provide finger tracking)
Body Tracking Via SteamVR trackers
Rotational Tracking Yes
Positional Tracking Yes
Update Rate 1000Hz
Tracking Volume Up to 10m × 10m (with 4 base stations)
Play Space Roomscale
Latency <11ms motion-to-photon
Audio
Audio Near-field speakers (off-ear)
Microphone Yes (dual microphone)
3.5mm Audio Jack Yes
Camera 2× stereo RGB cameras (passthrough)
Connectivity
Connectivity DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0
Ports DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0, 3.5mm audio, 12V DC
Wired Video Yes (DisplayPort)
Wireless Video No (third-party wireless adapter available)
WiFi No
Bluetooth No
Power 12V DC power adapter
Battery Capacity N/A
Battery Life N/A (tethered)
Charge Time N/A
Device
Dimensions ~200mm × 130mm × 100mm
Weight 809g (with cable)
Material Plastic, fabric, aluminum
Headstrap Integrated halo strap with dial adjustment
Haptics Controller haptics
Color Black/Gray
Sensors Lighthouse tracking photodiodes, IMU, proximity sensor
Input Index Controllers (included in kit), SteamVR controllers
Compliance FCC, CE
Cable Length 5 meters (tether cable)

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The Valve Index is a PC VR head-mounted display developed by Valve Corporation, announced on April 30, 2019, and released on June 28, 2019 at a price of $999 for the complete kit. Representing Valve's first self-developed VR hardware following their collaboration with HTC on the original Vive, the Index set new standards for high-refresh-rate VR with support for 80Hz, 90Hz, 120Hz, and an experimental 144Hz mode—the highest refresh rate available in consumer VR at the time. The headset introduced revolutionary Index Controllers featuring capacitive sensors that track individual finger positions, enabling natural hand poses without physical button presses. Combined with SteamVR 2.0 base station tracking delivering sub-millimeter accuracy, near-field off-ear speakers praised for exceptional audio quality, and dual-element canted optics providing up to 130° field of view, the Valve Index established itself as the premium PC VR reference platform.

History and Development

Valve's VR Journey

Valve's involvement in VR began internally around 2012-2013, with the company's research contributing significantly to the development of consumer VR. Valve collaborated with Oculus on early prototypes before the Facebook acquisition, then partnered with HTC to release the HTC Vive in 2016, which established the SteamVR platform and Lighthouse tracking technology.

Development of Index

After the Vive's success, Valve began developing their own hardware:

  • Aimed to address Vive limitations (resolution, refresh rate, FOV, audio)
  • New controller design enabling finger tracking
  • Upgraded Lighthouse 2.0 tracking system
  • Focus on premium enthusiast market

Announcement and Launch

Valve revealed the Index in stages:

  • March 2019: Teased new VR hardware
  • April 2019: Full specifications announced
  • June 2019: Worldwide launch

Half-Life: Alyx

In November 2019, Valve announced Half-Life: Alyx—a flagship VR game designed to showcase Index capabilities. Released in March 2020, Alyx demonstrated what was possible with high-end VR hardware and drove significant Index sales, with Valve struggling to meet demand through 2020.

Display Technology

Dual LCD Panels

The Index uses custom LCD displays offering advantages over OLED alternatives:

  • Resolution: 1440 × 1600 per eye
  • Total Resolution: 2880 × 1600
  • Panel Type: LCD with full RGB subpixel arrangement
  • Subpixels: 50% more subpixels than OLED at equivalent resolution

RGB vs. PenTile

Unlike many VR headsets using PenTile OLED (RG-BG pattern), the Index's full RGB layout means:

  • Every pixel has red, green, and blue subpixels
  • Sharper text and fine detail
  • Reduced screen door effect
  • Better rendering efficiency

High Refresh Rate

The Index pioneered high-refresh-rate VR:

  • 80Hz: Power-saving mode
  • 90Hz: Standard VR refresh (backward compatible)
  • 120Hz: High refresh mode
  • 144Hz: Experimental maximum

Higher refresh rates provide:

  • Smoother motion
  • Reduced motion blur
  • Lower latency
  • Improved comfort during fast movement

Low Persistence

Global backlight illumination enables ultra-low persistence:

  • 0.330ms at 144Hz
  • Dramatic motion blur reduction
  • Sharp images during head movement
  • Essential for high-refresh effectiveness

Optical System

Dual-Element Canted Lenses

Unique optical design provides wide FOV:

  • Two optical elements per lens
  • Canted (angled) toward edges
  • Wider field of view than single-element designs
  • Approximately 108° typical, up to 130° maximum

Field of View Adjustment

FOV varies based on:

  • Face shape and eye position
  • How close eyes can get to lenses
  • IPD setting
  • Individual anatomy

Eye Relief Adjustment

Physical adjustment allows:

  • Moving lenses closer to or farther from face
  • Maximizing FOV when possible
  • Accommodating glasses
  • Dial on side of headset controls distance

IPD Adjustment

Mechanical slider beneath lenses:

  • Range: 58-70mm
  • Physical lens movement (not software)
  • Ensures proper alignment for each eye

SteamVR Tracking 2.0

Lighthouse Technology

The Index uses Valve's Lighthouse tracking system:

  • External base stations emit IR laser sweeps
  • Photodiodes on headset detect laser positions
  • Calculates position with sub-millimeter accuracy
  • Up to 1000Hz tracking update rate

Base Station 2.0

Improved over original Lighthouse:

  • Single rotor design (more reliable)
  • Wider tracking field (160° × 115°)
  • Longer range (up to 7 meters)
  • Support for up to 4 base stations simultaneously

Tracking Volume

With two base stations: ~5m × 5m play area With four base stations: Up to 10m × 10m

Advantages

Outside-in tracking provides:

  • Extreme accuracy
  • Low latency
  • Works in any lighting
  • Consistent performance

Index Controllers

Finger Tracking Design

Revolutionary controller design:

  • Capacitive Sensors: Detect finger presence on all surfaces
  • Grip Sensing: Measures squeeze force
  • Thumb Tracking: Position on trackpad/buttons
  • Index Finger: Trigger with analog sensing

Natural Hand Poses

Controllers recognize:

  • Fully open hand
  • Individual finger curling
  • Fist formation
  • Pointing gestures
  • Various grip strengths

Strap System

Unique hand attachment:

  • Adjustable strap wraps around hand
  • Controllers stay attached even when releasing grip
  • Natural throw and release gestures possible
  • Comfortable for extended sessions

Traditional Controls

Also includes conventional inputs:

  • Analog stick
  • A and B buttons
  • System button
  • Trigger
  • Trackpad

Battery and Charging

  • Internal rechargeable batteries
  • Charging via USB-C
  • Approximately 7 hours battery life
  • Charge while playing possible

Audio System

Near-Field Speakers

Innovative off-ear audio design:

  • Speakers positioned near ears without touching
  • No ear cups or contact pressure
  • BMR (Balanced Mode Radiator) drivers
  • Full frequency range reproduction

Audio Quality

Widely praised audio implementation:

  • Excellent bass response
  • Clear highs
  • Wide soundstage
  • Spatial audio support
  • Comparable to good headphones

Open Audio Benefits

Off-ear design provides:

  • Comfort during extended sessions
  • Environmental awareness
  • No heat buildup
  • Natural sound reproduction

3.5mm Jack

Alternative audio option:

  • Use preferred headphones
  • Standard jack on headset
  • Maintains spatial audio processing

Dual Microphones

Integrated microphone system:

  • Two microphones for noise cancellation
  • Clear voice communication
  • Works well in VR social applications

Physical Design

Build Quality

Premium construction:

  • Aluminum and plastic housing
  • Fabric-covered facial interface
  • Robust build for enthusiast use
  • High-quality materials throughout

Head Strap

Integrated halo-style design:

  • Rear dial for fit adjustment
  • Top strap for weight distribution
  • Comfortable for extended sessions
  • Quick donning and doffing

Facial Interface

  • Removable foam padding
  • Magnetic attachment
  • Replaceable (multiple sizes available)
  • Wide face gasket included

Cables

  • 5-meter tether cable
  • Proprietary connector at headset
  • DisplayPort 1.2 + USB 3.0 + 12V power
  • Breakaway connection at headset for safety

Connectivity

PC Requirements

Demanding specifications for full performance:

  • Minimum GPU: NVIDIA GTX 970 / AMD RX 480
  • Recommended GPU: NVIDIA GTX 1070+
  • For 144Hz: High-end GPU recommended (RTX 2080+)
  • DisplayPort 1.2: Required (HDMI adapters not supported)
  • USB 3.0: For data transmission

SteamVR Platform

Deeply integrated with Steam:

  • Native SteamVR runtime
  • OpenXR support
  • Automatic software updates
  • Workshop content support
  • Linux support (native)

Full Kit Contents

Component Contents
Headset Index HMD with integrated audio
Controllers 2× Index Controllers with straps
Base Stations 2× SteamVR Base Station 2.0
Accessories Power adapters, USB cables, wall mounts

Modular Purchase Options

Configuration Price (2019 launch) Use Case
Full Kit $999 New VR setup
Headset + Controllers $749 Upgrading from Vive
Headset Only $499 Using existing controllers
Controllers (pair) $279 Upgrading from Vive wands
Base Station (single) $149 Additional tracking coverage

Wireless Adapter

Third-party wireless solution available:

  • Manufacturer: TPCast (HTC/Valve endorsed)
  • Technology: 60GHz wireless transmission
  • Latency: Minor increase over wired
  • Battery: External battery pack
  • Not officially from Valve

Market Position

Steam VR Hardware Survey

As of January 2025: 13.2% of SteamVR users use Valve Index

  • Premium segment leader
  • Popular among VR enthusiasts
  • Strong sim racing and enthusiast community

Competition

Positioned against:

  • Meta Quest (different market segment)
  • HP Reverb G2 (resolution-focused)
  • Pimax headsets (FOV-focused)
  • Bigscreen Beyond (comfort-focused)

Technical Specifications Summary

Specification Details
Display Dual LCD, 1440 × 1600 per eye
Total Resolution 2880 × 1600 (RGB)
Refresh Rate 80/90/120/144Hz
Field of View 108° typical (up to 130°)
Tracking SteamVR 2.0 (outside-in)
Controllers Index Controllers with finger tracking
Audio Near-field speakers (off-ear)
IPD 58-70mm (mechanical)
Weight 809g
Connection DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0, 12V DC
Price $999 (Full Kit)

See Also

References

Retrieved from "https://vrarwiki.com/index.php?title=Valve_Index&oldid=37481"