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Created page with "{{Device Infobox |image = |VR/AR = Augmented Reality |Type = Head-mounted display |Subtype = AR Glasses |Platform = SteamVR, Unity |Creator = David Holz, Florian Maurer |Developer = Leap Motion (now UltraLeap) |Manufacturer = Open Source (Community Built) |Announcement Date = April 9, 2018 |Release Date = June 6, 2018 (Open Sourced) |Price = <$100 (at scale), ~$350-600 (DIY) |Website = https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar |Versions = Release 2 (2018), Release..."
 
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```wiki
{{Device Infobox
{{Device Infobox
|image =  
|image = [[File:North_Star_headset.jpg|300px]]
|VR/AR = Augmented Reality
|VR/AR = [[Augmented Reality]]
|Type = Head-mounted display
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Subtype = AR Glasses
|Subtype = AR Glasses, PC-Powered AR
|Platform = SteamVR, Unity
|Platform = [[SteamVR]], [[Unity (game engine)|Unity]], [[OpenXR]]
|Creator = David Holz, Florian Maurer
|Creator = [[David Holz]], [[Florian Maurer]]
|Developer = Leap Motion (now UltraLeap)
|Developer = [[Leap Motion]] (now [[Ultraleap]])
|Manufacturer = Open Source (Community Built)
|Manufacturer = Open Source (Community Built), [[Combine Reality]] (kits)
|Announcement Date = April 9, 2018
|Announcement Date = April 9, 2018
|Release Date = June 6, 2018 (Open Sourced)
|Release Date = June 6, 2018 (Open Sourced)
|Price = <$100 (at scale), ~$350-600 (DIY)
|Price = <$100 (at scale), ~$350-600 (DIY)
|Website = https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar
|Website = https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar
|Versions = Release 2 (2018), Release 3 (2019), Deck X, Northstar Next
|Versions = Release 1, Release 2 (2018), Release 3 (2019), Deck X, Northstar Next
|Requires = PC, Leap Motion Controller
|Requires = [[Personal computer|PC]], [[Leap Motion Controller]]
|Predecessor =  
|Predecessor =  
|Successor =  
|Successor =  
|Operating System = Windows, Linux
|Operating System = [[Windows]], [[Linux]]
|Chipset =  
|Chipset =  
|CPU =  
|CPU =  
Line 28: Line 29:
|Peak Brightness =  
|Peak Brightness =  
|Resolution = 1600 × 1440 per eye (2880 × 1600 combined)
|Resolution = 1600 × 1440 per eye (2880 × 1600 combined)
|Refresh Rate = 120 Hz
|Refresh Rate = 120 Hz (original), 85-90 Hz (Northstar Next)
|Pixel Density =  
|Pixel Density = 615 ppi
|Persistence =  
|Persistence = Low-persistence
|Precision =  
|Precision =  
|Field of View = >100° combined
|Field of View = >100° combined
|Horizontal FoV = ~75° per eye
|Horizontal FoV = ~75° per eye (70° per eye alternate spec)
|Vertical FoV = ~105° per eye
|Vertical FoV = ~105° per eye (95° per eye alternate spec)
|Visible FoV =  
|Visible FoV =  
|Rendered FoV =  
|Rendered FoV =  
|Binocular Overlap = 60%
|Binocular Overlap = 60-85%
|Average Pixel Density =  
|Average Pixel Density =  
|Peak Pixel Density =  
|Peak Pixel Density =  
|Foveated Rendering = No
|Foveated Rendering = No
|Optics = Ellipsoidal reflectors (bird bath style)
|Optics = Ellipsoidal reflectors (bird bath style)
|Ocularity = Binocular
|Ocularity = [[Binocular]]
|IPD Range = Adjustable
|IPD Range = Adjustable
|Adjustable Diopter = No
|Adjustable Diopter = No
|Passthrough = Optional (with camera)
|Passthrough = Optional (with camera)
|Tracking = Leap Motion hand tracking
|Tracking = [[Leap Motion]] hand tracking
|Tracking Frequency = 150 Hz
|Tracking Frequency = 150 Hz
|Base Stations = No
|Base Stations = No
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|Body Tracking = No
|Body Tracking = No
|Rotational Tracking = Optional (with IMU/T261/T265)
|Rotational Tracking = Optional (with IMU/T261/T265)
|Positional Tracking = Optional (with T261/T265)
|Positional Tracking = Optional (with T261/T265, SteamVR, or SLAM sensors)
|Update Rate = 150 Hz (hand tracking)
|Update Rate = 150 Hz (hand tracking)
|Tracking Volume = 180° × 180° (hand tracking)
|Tracking Volume = 180° × 180° (hand tracking)
|Play Space = Seated/Standing
|Play Space = Seated/Standing
|Latency =  
|Latency = <8 ms (LCD + driver)
|Audio = Optional
|Audio = Optional
|Microphone = Optional
|Microphone = Optional
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Optional
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Optional
|Camera = Optional (T261/T265)
|Camera = Optional (T261/T265, stereo cameras)
|Connectivity = USB 3.0, DisplayPort/Mini-DP
|Connectivity = USB 3.0, DisplayPort/Mini-DP
|Ports = USB-C (Northstar Next)
|Ports = USB-C (Northstar Next)
|Wired Video = DisplayPort
|Wired Video = DisplayPort/Mini DisplayPort
|Wireless Video = No
|Wireless Video = No
|WiFi = No
|WiFi = No
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}}
}}


'''Project North Star''' is an [[open source]] [[augmented reality]] (AR) [[head-mounted display]] originally designed by [[Leap Motion]] (now [[UltraLeap]]) and first announced in April 2018<ref name="announcement">{{cite web|url=https://www.roadtovr.com/leap-motion-reveals-project-north-star-an-open-source-wide-fov-ar-headset-dev-kit/|title=Leap Motion Reveals Project North Star, an Open-source Wide FOV AR Headset Dev Kit|author=Ben Lang|date=April 9, 2018|website=Road to VR|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>. The project was open-sourced on June 6, 2018<ref name="opensource">{{cite web|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/project-north-star-open-source-documents,37222.html|title=Leap Motion Open Sources The Project North Star AR Headset's Schematics|author=Kevin Carbotte|date=June 6, 2018|website=Tom's Hardware|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>, providing the community with hardware designs, software, and documentation to build their own AR headsets. The headset is notable for its wide [[field of view]], high [[resolution]], and integration with Leap Motion's [[hand tracking]] technology.
'''Project North Star''' is an [[open source]] [[augmented reality]] (AR) [[head-mounted display]] originally designed by [[Leap Motion]] (now [[Ultraleap]]) and first announced in April 2018<ref name="announcement">{{cite web|url=https://www.roadtovr.com/leap-motion-reveals-project-north-star-an-open-source-wide-fov-ar-headset-dev-kit/|title=Leap Motion Reveals Project North Star, an Open-source Wide FOV AR Headset Dev Kit|author=Ben Lang|date=April 9, 2018|website=Road to VR|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>. The project was open-sourced on June 6, 2018<ref name="opensource">{{cite web|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/project-north-star-open-source-documents,37222.html|title=Leap Motion Open Sources The Project North Star AR Headset's Schematics|author=Kevin Carbotte|date=June 6, 2018|website=Tom's Hardware|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>, providing the community with hardware designs, software, and documentation to build their own AR headsets under an [[Apache License 2.0]]<ref name="apache">{{cite web|url=https://blog.leapmotion.com/north-star-open-source/|title=Project North Star is Now Open Source|website=Leap Motion Blog|date=June 6, 2018|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>. The headset is notable for its wide [[field of view]], high [[resolution]], and integration with Leap Motion's [[hand tracking]] technology.


==Overview==
==Overview==
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==History==
==History==
===Development===
===Development===
The Project North Star development began as an internal project at Leap Motion to explore the boundaries of AR interface design. The team, led by David Holz and Florian Maurer, initially created a prototype with even more ambitious specifications: a 105° × 105° combined field of view with 1440×2560 resolution per eye using 5.5" smartphone displays<ref name="journey">{{cite web|url=https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/blogs/our-journey-to-the-north-star|title=Our Journey to the North Star|website=Project North Star Documentation|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>. This early prototype was bulky but served as a baseline for what could be achieved.
The Project North Star development began as an internal project at Leap Motion to explore the boundaries of AR interface design. The team, led by [[David Holz]] (CEO of Leap Motion) and [[Florian Maurer]], initially created a prototype with even more ambitious specifications: a 105° × 105° combined field of view with 1440×2560 resolution per eye using 5.5" smartphone displays<ref name="journey">{{cite web|url=https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/blogs/our-journey-to-the-north-star|title=Our Journey to the North Star|website=Project North Star Documentation|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>. This early prototype was bulky but served as a baseline for what could be achieved.


The team then worked to balance performance with form factor, eventually settling on 3.5" fast-switching [[LCD]] displays from [[BOE Technology]] with custom display driver boards. The final design used ellipsoidal reflectors in a "bird bath" optical configuration, similar to the [[Meta 2]] headset<ref name="announcement"/>.
The team then worked to balance performance with form factor, eventually settling on 3.5" fast-switching [[LCD]] displays from [[BOE Technology]] with custom display driver boards. The final design used ellipsoidal reflectors in a "bird bath" optical configuration, similar to the [[Meta 2]] headset<ref name="announcement"/>.


===Release Timeline===
===Release Timeline===
* '''Release 1''': Internal release (not publicly available)
{| class="wikitable"
* '''Release 2''' (June 2018): First public open-source release<ref name="opensource"/>
|-
* '''Mechanical Update 1''' (June 28, 2018): Added support for standard Leap Motion Controller and alternate headgear<ref name="update1">{{cite web|url=https://blog.leapmotion.com/project-north-star-mechanical-update-1/|title=Project North Star: Mechanical Update 1|author=Florian Maurer|date=June 28, 2018|website=Leap Motion Blog|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
! Version !! Release Date !! Key Features
* '''Release 3''' (January 23, 2019): Major mechanical redesign for improved comfort and adjustability<ref name="update3">{{cite web|url=https://blog.leapmotion.com/project-north-star-mechanical-update-3/|title=Project North Star: Mechanical Update 3|author=Florian Maurer|date=January 23, 2019|website=Leap Motion Blog|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
|-
* '''Community Variants''': Deck X, Northstar Next, and various custom builds
| '''Release 1''' || April 2018 (Internal) || Proof-of-concept; >100° diagonal FOV, 3.5″ LCDs
|-
| '''Release 2''' || June 6, 2018 || First public open-source release under Apache 2.0 license<ref name="opensource"/>
|-
| '''Mechanical Update 1''' || June 28, 2018 || Added support for standard Leap Motion Controller and alternate headgear<ref name="update1">{{cite web|url=https://blog.leapmotion.com/project-north-star-mechanical-update-1/|title=Project North Star: Mechanical Update 1|author=Florian Maurer|date=June 28, 2018|website=Leap Motion Blog|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| '''Release 3''' || January 23, 2019 || Major mechanical redesign for improved comfort and adjustability<ref name="update3">{{cite web|url=https://blog.leapmotion.com/project-north-star-mechanical-update-3/|title=Project North Star: Mechanical Update 3|author=Florian Maurer|date=January 23, 2019|website=Leap Motion Blog|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| '''Deck X''' || August 2020 || Integrated circuit board design by CombineReality to reduce cable count
|-
| '''Northstar Next''' || 2022-present || Single USB-C cable, modular design, [[OpenXR]] runtime support
|}
 
After Leap Motion's merger into Ultraleap, development moved to [[GitHub]] with later versions under a GPL-3.0 repository<ref name="githubLicense">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar|title=ProjectNorthStar Repository|website=GitHub|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>.


==Technical Specifications==
==Technical Specifications==
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The headset uses two BOE VS035ZSM-NW0-69P0 3.5" LCD panels, each providing:
The headset uses two BOE VS035ZSM-NW0-69P0 3.5" LCD panels, each providing:
* Resolution: 1600 × 1440 pixels per eye
* Resolution: 1600 × 1440 pixels per eye
* Refresh rate: 120 Hz (90 Hz in some configurations)
* Refresh rate: 120 Hz (90 Hz in some configurations, 85-90 Hz for Northstar Next)
* Combined resolution: 2880 × 1600 pixels
* Combined resolution: 2880 × 1600 pixels
* Display technology: Fast-switching LCD
* Display technology: Fast-switching LCD with low-persistence backlighting
* Pixel density: 615 ppi
* Peak frame latency: <8 ms (LCD + driver)<ref name="smartprotoDisplay">{{cite web|url=https://www.smart-prototyping.com/North-Star-Display|title=North Star Display (3.5 inch, 1440×1600 pixels, 120 fps)|website=Smart Prototyping|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>


===Optics===
===Optics===
Project North Star employs ellipsoidal reflectors (also called combiners) in a bird bath optical design:
Project North Star employs ellipsoidal reflectors (also called combiners) in a bird bath optical design:
* Field of view: >100° combined (approximately 75° horizontal × 105° vertical per eye)
* Field of view: >100° combined (approximately 70-75° horizontal × 95-105° vertical per eye)
* Binocular overlap: 60%
* Binocular overlap: 60-85%
* Focal distance options: 25cm (standard) or 75cm (arm's length)<ref name="update3"/>
* Focal distance options: 25cm (standard) or 75cm (arm's length)<ref name="update3"/>
* Reflector coating: Half-silvered mirror with anti-reflective coating
* Reflector coating: Half-silvered mirror with anti-reflective coating
* Transparency: ~95% light transmission


===Tracking System===
===Tracking System===
* '''Hand tracking''': Leap Motion Controller
* '''Hand tracking''': [[Leap Motion Controller]]
   * Tracking frequency: 150 Hz
   * Tracking frequency: 150 Hz
   * Tracking volume: 180° × 180°
   * Tracking volume: 180° × 180°
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   * IMU-based 3DOF tracking
   * IMU-based 3DOF tracking
   * External tracking systems ([[SteamVR]], [[OptiTrack]])
   * External tracking systems ([[SteamVR]], [[OptiTrack]])
  * SLAM sensors for inside-out tracking


===Connectivity===
===Connectivity===
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* USB: USB 3.0 for Leap Motion Controller and optional sensors
* USB: USB 3.0 for Leap Motion Controller and optional sensors
* Power: External power adapter for display driver board
* Power: External power adapter for display driver board
* Driver board: Custom Analogix ANX7530 display-bridge board<ref name="analogix">{{cite web|url=https://www.analogix.com/pr/leap-motion-shows-low-cost-project-north-star-ar-display|title=Leap Motion shows off low-cost Project North Star AR display|website=Analogix|date=April 9, 2018|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
* Northstar Next variant: Single USB-C cable with DisplayPort Alt Mode
* Northstar Next variant: Single USB-C cable with DisplayPort Alt Mode


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! Component !! Description !! Source
! Component !! Description !! Source
|-
|-
| Displays || 2× BOE 3.5" 1600×1440 LCD panels || BOE Technology
| Displays || 2× BOE 3.5" 1600×1440 LCD panels (VS035ZSM-NW0-69P0) || BOE Technology
|-
|-
| Reflectors || Ellipsoidal combiners with AR coating || Custom manufactured
| Reflectors || Ellipsoidal combiners with AR coating || Custom manufactured
|-
|-
| Display Driver || Custom board supporting dual MIPI displays || Various manufacturers
| Display Driver || Custom board supporting dual MIPI displays (Analogix ANX7530) || Various manufacturers
|-
|-
| Hand Tracking || Leap Motion Controller || UltraLeap
| Hand Tracking || Leap Motion Controller || UltraLeap
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| Mechanical Parts || 3D printed brackets and housings || User printed
| Mechanical Parts || 3D printed brackets and housings || User printed
|-
|-
| Headgear || Miller or 3M Speedglas welding headgear || Commercial
| Headgear || Miller Generation IV or 3M Speedglas welding headgear || Commercial
|}
|}


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* Minimum print volume: 130mm × 130mm × 130mm
* Minimum print volume: 130mm × 130mm × 130mm
* Recommended print volume: 220mm × 200mm × 120mm (for larger parts)
* Recommended print volume: 220mm × 200mm × 120mm (for larger parts)
* Material: PLA or PETG recommended
* Material: PLA, PETG, or eSun PLA Pro recommended
* Special technique: Some parts designed to be printed flat and bent while warm<ref name="update3"/>
* Special technique: Some parts designed to be printed flat and bent while warm<ref name="update3"/>
* Build plate requirement: ~250x200mm for optimal printing


==Software==
==Software==
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* Scene templates and example projects
* Scene templates and example projects
* Calibration tools and utilities<ref name="unitysoftware">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar/tree/master/Software|title=ProjectNorthStar Software|website=GitHub|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
* Calibration tools and utilities<ref name="unitysoftware">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar/tree/master/Software|title=ProjectNorthStar Software|website=GitHub|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
===OpenXR Support===
North Star's reference runtime now targets the Khronos [[OpenXR]] API, with community bindings for:
* Unity
* Monado
* SteamVR
* Custom research stacks


===Project Esky===
===Project Esky===
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* Peer-to-peer networking for multi-user experiences<ref name="esky">{{cite web|url=https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/software/esky|title=Esky - Project North Star|website=Project North Star Documentation|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
* Peer-to-peer networking for multi-user experiences<ref name="esky">{{cite web|url=https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/software/esky|title=Esky - Project North Star|website=Project North Star Documentation|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>


===SteamVR Support===
===Operating System Support===
The headset can run [[SteamVR]] applications with hand tracking support, though controller-based games require modifications<ref name="steamvr">{{cite web|url=https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/project-north-star/software/getting-started-with-software|title=Getting Started with Software|website=Project North Star Documentation|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>.
* [[Windows]] (primary support)
* [[Linux]] (community support)
* Drivers available on GitHub for displays and tracking sensors


==Calibration==
==Calibration==
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==Community and Variants==
==Community and Variants==
===Notable Builders===
===Notable Builders and Contributors===
* '''Noah Zerkin''': Founded CombineReality to manufacture components and kits<ref name="buildcost"/>
* '''Noah Zerkin''': Founded CombineReality to manufacture components and kits<ref name="buildcost"/>
* '''Graham Atlee''': 19-year-old who built multiple headsets and created demos<ref name="graham">{{cite web|url=https://blog.leapmotion.com/how-a-self-taught-teen-built-his-own-north-star-headset/|title=How a Self-Taught Teen Built His Own North Star Headset|website=Leap Motion Blog|date=February 27, 2019|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
* '''Graham Atlee''': 19-year-old who built multiple headsets and created demos<ref name="graham">{{cite web|url=https://blog.leapmotion.com/how-a-self-taught-teen-built-his-own-north-star-headset/|title=How a Self-Taught Teen Built His Own North Star Headset|website=Leap Motion Blog|date=February 27, 2019|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
* '''Alex Chu''': Co-founded CombineReality and developed the Deck X variant
* '''Alex Chu''': Co-founded CombineReality and developed the Deck X variant
===Community Resources===
* Active Discord server with over 6,000 members as of 2025<ref name="discord">{{cite web|url=https://discord.gg/northstar|title=Project North Star Discord|website=Discord|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
* Community-built documentation at docs.projectnorthstar.org
* Regular build workshops at hackspaces and events (e.g., MIT Reality Hack)
* Reddit community for sharing builds and modifications


===Major Variants===
===Major Variants===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Variant !! Key Features !! Release Date
! Variant !! Key Features !! Release Date !! Developer
|-
|-
| Deck X || Integrated USB hub, reduced cable count || 2019
| Deck X || Integrated USB hub, reduced cable count || 2019-2020 || CombineReality
|-
|-
| Northstar Next || Single USB-C cable, modular design || 2024
| Northstar Next || Single USB-C cable, modular design, cost-optimized || 2022-ongoing || CombineReality & Community
|-
|-
| Various Community Builds || Custom modifications for specific use cases || Ongoing
| Various Community Builds || Custom modifications for specific use cases || Ongoing || Individual builders
|}
|}
==Commercial Ecosystem==
While the design is free to download and self-fabricate, several vendors supply parts and kits:
* '''[[Combine Reality]]''': Pre-machined optics brackets, driver boards, Deck X kits, and turnkey headsets<ref name="combinekit">{{cite web|url=https://www.combinereality.com/northstar-next|title=Northstar Next|website=Combine Reality|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
* '''Smart-Prototyping''': BOE LCDs, driver boards, matte overlays, and Project North Star Kit A<ref name="smartprotoKit">{{cite web|url=https://www.smart-prototyping.com/Project-North-Star-Kit|title=Project North Star Kit A|website=Smart Prototyping|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
==Applications and Uses==
Project North Star serves as a versatile platform for various applications:
* '''AR Application Prototyping''': Rapid development of AR experiences with wide FOV
* '''Hand Tracking Research''': Advanced studies using Leap Motion's skeletal tracking
* '''Optical and Display Experimentation''': Testing different optics and display configurations
* '''Educational Purposes''': Teaching AR hardware and software development in universities
* '''Artistic Projects''': Creating immersive AR installations
* '''User Experience Design''': Prototyping novel AR interfaces
* '''Academic Research''': Adopted by labs for optical see-through research
==Reception==
Tech media and industry analysts praised North Star's specifications and open approach:
* '''The Verge''' described it as "a $100 AR headset with super-powerful hand tracking"<ref name="verge">{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/9/17216592/leap-motion-project-north-star-open-source-augmented-reality-headset|title=Leap Motion designed a $100 augmented reality headset with super-powerful hand tracking|author=Adi Robertson|date=April 9, 2018|website=The Verge|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
* '''Road to VR''' called the design "impressively open-sourced" and "a glimpse of future consumer specs"<ref name="roadtovr2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.roadtovr.com/leap-motion-open-sources-project-north-star-ar-headset-prototype-impressive-specs/|title=Leap Motion Open-sources Project North Star, an AR Headset Prototype with Impressive Specs|author=Ben Lang|date=June 6, 2018|website=Road to VR|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
* '''Jon Peddie''' (industry analyst) cited North Star as evidence that wide-FOV AR could be achieved "with fundamentally simple hardware"<ref name="gfxspeak">{{cite web|url=https://gfxspeak.com/2018/05/24/ar-hmd-update/|title=AR HMD update|author=Jon Peddie|date=May 24, 2018|website=GfxSpeak|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>


==Impact and Legacy==
==Impact and Legacy==
Project North Star demonstrated that high-quality AR experiences could be achieved with relatively affordable components. The project inspired numerous developers and researchers to experiment with AR interface design and helped advance the adoption of hand tracking as a primary input method for AR.
Project North Star demonstrated that high-quality AR experiences could be achieved with relatively affordable components. The project inspired numerous developers and researchers to experiment with AR interface design and helped advance the adoption of hand tracking as a primary input method for AR.


The open-source nature of the project created a community of builders who continue to improve and modify the design. Commercial companies like CombineReality emerged to support the community with hard-to-manufacture components<ref name="combinekit">{{cite web|url=https://www.smart-prototyping.com/Project-North-Star-Kit|title=Project North Star Kit A|website=Smart Prototyping|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>.
The open-source nature of the project created a community of builders who continue to improve and modify the design. Commercial companies like CombineReality emerged to support the community with hard-to-manufacture components. Academic labs have adopted the headset for optical see-through research, citing its open CAD and modifiable optics as key advantages.
 
The project's influence extends beyond its direct implementations, inspiring other open-hardware AR projects and contributing to the broader democratization of AR technology development.


==See Also==
==See Also==
* [[Leap Motion]]
* [[Leap Motion]]
* [[UltraLeap]]
* [[Ultraleap]]
* [[Augmented Reality]]
* [[Augmented Reality]]
* [[Hand tracking]]
* [[Hand tracking]]
Line 222: Line 280:
* [[Microsoft HoloLens]]
* [[Microsoft HoloLens]]
* [[Magic Leap]]
* [[Magic Leap]]
* [[OpenXR]]


==References==
==References==
Line 233: Line 292:
<ref name="unitysoftware">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar/tree/master/Software|title=ProjectNorthStar Software|website=GitHub|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="unitysoftware">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar/tree/master/Software|title=ProjectNorthStar Software|website=GitHub|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="esky">{{cite web|url=https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/software/esky|title=Esky - Project North Star|website=Project North Star Documentation|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="esky">{{cite web|url=https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/software/esky|title=Esky - Project North Star|website=Project North Star Documentation|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="steamvr">{{cite web|url=https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/project-north-star/software/getting-started-with-software|title=Getting Started with Software|website=Project North Star Documentation|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="calibration">{{cite web|url=https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/getting-started/faq|title=FAQ - Project North Star|website=Project North Star Documentation|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="calibration">{{cite web|url=https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/getting-started/faq|title=FAQ - Project North Star|website=Project North Star Documentation|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="graham">{{cite web|url=https://blog.leapmotion.com/how-a-self-taught-teen-built-his-own-north-star-headset/|title=How a Self-Taught Teen Built His Own North Star Headset|website=Leap Motion Blog|date=February 27, 2019|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="graham">{{cite web|url=https://blog.leapmotion.com/how-a-self-taught-teen-built-his-own-north-star-headset/|title=How a Self-Taught Teen Built His Own North Star Headset|website=Leap Motion Blog|date=February 27, 2019|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="combinekit">{{cite web|url=https://www.smart-prototyping.com/Project-North-Star-Kit|title=Project North Star Kit A|website=Smart Prototyping|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="combinekit">{{cite web|url=https://www.combinereality.com/northstar-next|title=Northstar Next|website=Combine Reality|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="apache">{{cite web|url=https://blog.leapmotion.com/north-star-open-source/|title=Project North Star is Now Open Source|website=Leap Motion Blog|date=June 6, 2018|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="githubLicense">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar|title=ProjectNorthStar Repository|website=GitHub|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="smartprotoDisplay">{{cite web|url=https://www.smart-prototyping.com/North-Star-Display|title=North Star Display (3.5 inch, 1440×1600 pixels, 120 fps)|website=Smart Prototyping|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="analogix">{{cite web|url=https://www.analogix.com/pr/leap-motion-shows-low-cost-project-north-star-ar-display|title=Leap Motion shows off low-cost Project North Star AR display|website=Analogix|date=April 9, 2018|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="discord">{{cite web|url=https://discord.gg/northstar|title=Project North Star Discord|website=Discord|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="smartprotoKit">{{cite web|url=https://www.smart-prototyping.com/Project-North-Star-Kit|title=Project North Star Kit A|website=Smart Prototyping|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="verge">{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/9/17216592/leap-motion-project-north-star-open-source-augmented-reality-headset|title=Leap Motion designed a $100 augmented reality headset with super-powerful hand tracking|author=Adi Robertson|date=April 9, 2018|website=The Verge|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="roadtovr2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.roadtovr.com/leap-motion-open-sources-project-north-star-ar-headset-prototype-impressive-specs/|title=Leap Motion Open-sources Project North Star, an AR Headset Prototype with Impressive Specs|author=Ben Lang|date=June 6, 2018|website=Road to VR|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="gfxspeak">{{cite web|url=https://gfxspeak.com/2018/05/24/ar-hmd-update/|title=AR HMD update|author=Jon Peddie|date=May 24, 2018|website=GfxSpeak|accessdate=June 26, 2025}}</ref>
</references>
</references>


Line 244: Line 311:
* [https://developer.leapmotion.com/northstar/ UltraLeap Developer Portal]
* [https://developer.leapmotion.com/northstar/ UltraLeap Developer Portal]
* [https://discord.gg/northstar Project North Star Discord Community]
* [https://discord.gg/northstar Project North Star Discord Community]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/ProjectNorthStar/ Project North Star Reddit Community]


[[Category:Augmented reality]]
[[Category:Augmented reality]]
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[[Category:Open-source hardware]]
[[Category:Open-source hardware]]
[[Category:Leap Motion]]
[[Category:Leap Motion]]
[[Category:Ultraleap]]
[[Category:2018 in technology]]
[[Category:2018 in technology]]
```

Revision as of 04:16, 26 June 2025

```wiki

Project North Star
File:North Star headset.jpg
Basic Info
VR/AR Augmented Reality
Type Head-mounted display
Subtype AR Glasses, PC-Powered AR
Platform SteamVR, Unity, OpenXR
Creator David Holz, Florian Maurer
Developer Leap Motion (now Ultraleap)
Manufacturer Open Source (Community Built), Combine Reality (kits)
Announcement Date April 9, 2018
Release Date June 6, 2018 (Open Sourced)
Price <$100 (at scale), ~$350-600 (DIY)
Website https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar
Versions Release 1, Release 2 (2018), Release 3 (2019), Deck X, Northstar Next
Requires PC, Leap Motion Controller
System
Operating System Windows, Linux
Storage
SD Card Slot No
Display
Display 3.5" LCD (BOE VS035ZSM-NW0-69P0)
Subpixel Layout RGB
Resolution 1600 × 1440 per eye (2880 × 1600 combined)
Pixel Density 615 ppi
Refresh Rate 120 Hz (original), 85-90 Hz (Northstar Next)
Persistence Low-persistence
Image
Field of View >100° combined
Horizontal FoV ~75° per eye (70° per eye alternate spec)
Vertical FoV ~105° per eye (95° per eye alternate spec)
Binocular Overlap 60-85%
Foveated Rendering No
Optics
Optics Ellipsoidal reflectors (bird bath style)
Ocularity Binocular
IPD Range Adjustable
Adjustable Diopter No
Passthrough Optional (with camera)
Tracking
Tracking Leap Motion hand tracking
Tracking Frequency 150 Hz
Base Stations No
Eye Tracking Optional (experimental)
Face Tracking No
Hand Tracking Yes
Body Tracking No
Rotational Tracking Optional (with IMU/T261/T265)
Positional Tracking Optional (with T261/T265, SteamVR, or SLAM sensors)
Update Rate 150 Hz (hand tracking)
Tracking Volume 180° × 180° (hand tracking)
Play Space Seated/Standing
Latency <8 ms (LCD + driver)
Audio
Audio Optional
Microphone Optional
3.5mm Audio Jack Optional
Camera Optional (T261/T265, stereo cameras)
Connectivity
Connectivity USB 3.0, DisplayPort/Mini-DP
Ports USB-C (Northstar Next)
Wired Video DisplayPort/Mini DisplayPort
Wireless Video No
WiFi No
Bluetooth No
Power Via USB/External
Battery Capacity N/A
Battery Life N/A
Charge Time N/A
Device
Dimensions Variable (3D printed)
Weight ~400-600g
Material 3D printed plastic, aluminum
Headstrap Various (Miller, 3M Speedglas)
Haptics No
Color Variable
Sensors Leap Motion Controller
Input Hand tracking
Cable Length Variable

Property "Platform" (as page type) with input value "Unity (game engine)|Unity" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. Property "Developer" (as page type) with input value "Leap Motion]] (now Ultraleap)" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. Property "Manufacturer" (as page type) with input value "Combine Reality]] (kits)" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. Property "Price" (as page type) with input value "" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. Property "Requires" (as page type) with input value "Personal computer|PC" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. Property "Field of View" (as page type) with input value ">100° combined" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. Property "Tracking" (as page type) with input value "Leap Motion]] hand tracking" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. Property "Latency" (as page type) with input value "" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.


Project North Star is an open source augmented reality (AR) head-mounted display originally designed by Leap Motion (now Ultraleap) and first announced in April 2018[1]. The project was open-sourced on June 6, 2018[2], providing the community with hardware designs, software, and documentation to build their own AR headsets under an Apache License 2.0[3]. The headset is notable for its wide field of view, high resolution, and integration with Leap Motion's hand tracking technology.

Overview

Project North Star represents Leap Motion's vision for making high-quality AR experiences accessible to developers and researchers. The headset features dual 1600×1440 displays running at 120 frames per second, providing a combined field of view exceeding 100 degrees[1]. This was significantly wider than contemporary AR headsets like Microsoft HoloLens (approximately 40° FOV) and Magic Leap One (approximately 55° FOV).

The design philosophy emphasized openness and accessibility, with most components being either 3D printable or available off-the-shelf. Leap Motion estimated that the headset could be produced for under $100 at scale[1], though individual DIY builds typically cost between $350-600 due to smaller component quantities[4].

History

Development

The Project North Star development began as an internal project at Leap Motion to explore the boundaries of AR interface design. The team, led by David Holz (CEO of Leap Motion) and Florian Maurer, initially created a prototype with even more ambitious specifications: a 105° × 105° combined field of view with 1440×2560 resolution per eye using 5.5" smartphone displays[5]. This early prototype was bulky but served as a baseline for what could be achieved.

The team then worked to balance performance with form factor, eventually settling on 3.5" fast-switching LCD displays from BOE Technology with custom display driver boards. The final design used ellipsoidal reflectors in a "bird bath" optical configuration, similar to the Meta 2 headset[1].

Release Timeline

Version Release Date Key Features
Release 1 April 2018 (Internal) Proof-of-concept; >100° diagonal FOV, 3.5″ LCDs
Release 2 June 6, 2018 First public open-source release under Apache 2.0 license[2]
Mechanical Update 1 June 28, 2018 Added support for standard Leap Motion Controller and alternate headgear[6]
Release 3 January 23, 2019 Major mechanical redesign for improved comfort and adjustability[7]
Deck X August 2020 Integrated circuit board design by CombineReality to reduce cable count
Northstar Next 2022-present Single USB-C cable, modular design, OpenXR runtime support

After Leap Motion's merger into Ultraleap, development moved to GitHub with later versions under a GPL-3.0 repository[8].

Technical Specifications

Display System

The headset uses two BOE VS035ZSM-NW0-69P0 3.5" LCD panels, each providing:

  • Resolution: 1600 × 1440 pixels per eye
  • Refresh rate: 120 Hz (90 Hz in some configurations, 85-90 Hz for Northstar Next)
  • Combined resolution: 2880 × 1600 pixels
  • Display technology: Fast-switching LCD with low-persistence backlighting
  • Pixel density: 615 ppi
  • Peak frame latency: <8 ms (LCD + driver)[9]

Optics

Project North Star employs ellipsoidal reflectors (also called combiners) in a bird bath optical design:

  • Field of view: >100° combined (approximately 70-75° horizontal × 95-105° vertical per eye)
  • Binocular overlap: 60-85%
  • Focal distance options: 25cm (standard) or 75cm (arm's length)[7]
  • Reflector coating: Half-silvered mirror with anti-reflective coating
  • Transparency: ~95% light transmission

Tracking System

 * Tracking frequency: 150 Hz
 * Tracking volume: 180° × 180°
 * Tracking range: Up to 60cm from controller
  • Head tracking (optional):
 * Intel RealSense T261/T265 for 6DOF tracking
 * IMU-based 3DOF tracking
 * External tracking systems (SteamVR, OptiTrack)
 * SLAM sensors for inside-out tracking

Connectivity

  • Video input: DisplayPort or Mini-DisplayPort (supporting 2880×1600@90Hz)
  • USB: USB 3.0 for Leap Motion Controller and optional sensors
  • Power: External power adapter for display driver board
  • Driver board: Custom Analogix ANX7530 display-bridge board[10]
  • Northstar Next variant: Single USB-C cable with DisplayPort Alt Mode

Hardware Components

Core Components

Component Description Source
Displays 2× BOE 3.5" 1600×1440 LCD panels (VS035ZSM-NW0-69P0) BOE Technology
Reflectors Ellipsoidal combiners with AR coating Custom manufactured
Display Driver Custom board supporting dual MIPI displays (Analogix ANX7530) Various manufacturers
Hand Tracking Leap Motion Controller UltraLeap
6DOF Tracking Intel RealSense T261/T265 (optional) Intel
Mechanical Parts 3D printed brackets and housings User printed
Headgear Miller Generation IV or 3M Speedglas welding headgear Commercial

3D Printed Parts

Most mechanical components can be 3D printed on consumer-grade printers:

  • Minimum print volume: 130mm × 130mm × 130mm
  • Recommended print volume: 220mm × 200mm × 120mm (for larger parts)
  • Material: PLA, PETG, or eSun PLA Pro recommended
  • Special technique: Some parts designed to be printed flat and bent while warm[7]
  • Build plate requirement: ~250x200mm for optimal printing

Software

Unity Integration

Project North Star includes a Unity package containing:

  • Pre-warping systems for optical distortion correction
  • Leap Motion Unity Modules (Release 4.4.0+)
  • Scene templates and example projects
  • Calibration tools and utilities[11]

OpenXR Support

North Star's reference runtime now targets the Khronos OpenXR API, with community bindings for:

  • Unity
  • Monado
  • SteamVR
  • Custom research stacks

Project Esky

A community-developed Unity framework providing:

  • Mixed Reality Toolkit (MRTK) integration
  • 2D and 3D optical calibration support
  • 6DOF head tracking with Intel RealSense
  • Peer-to-peer networking for multi-user experiences[12]

Operating System Support

  • Windows (primary support)
  • Linux (community support)
  • Drivers available on GitHub for displays and tracking sensors

Calibration

Due to variations in 3D printing and assembly, each headset requires calibration:

  • 3D Calibration Method: Uses two stereo cameras to calculate display and reflector positions
  • 2D Calibration Method: Uses a single stereo camera (can reuse Intel T265)
  • Calibration data stored in JSON configuration files
  • Per-user eye-to-Leap Motion alignment required[13]

Community and Variants

Notable Builders and Contributors

  • Noah Zerkin: Founded CombineReality to manufacture components and kits[4]
  • Graham Atlee: 19-year-old who built multiple headsets and created demos[14]
  • Alex Chu: Co-founded CombineReality and developed the Deck X variant

Community Resources

  • Active Discord server with over 6,000 members as of 2025[15]
  • Community-built documentation at docs.projectnorthstar.org
  • Regular build workshops at hackspaces and events (e.g., MIT Reality Hack)
  • Reddit community for sharing builds and modifications

Major Variants

Variant Key Features Release Date Developer
Deck X Integrated USB hub, reduced cable count 2019-2020 CombineReality
Northstar Next Single USB-C cable, modular design, cost-optimized 2022-ongoing CombineReality & Community
Various Community Builds Custom modifications for specific use cases Ongoing Individual builders

Commercial Ecosystem

While the design is free to download and self-fabricate, several vendors supply parts and kits:

  • Combine Reality: Pre-machined optics brackets, driver boards, Deck X kits, and turnkey headsets[16]
  • Smart-Prototyping: BOE LCDs, driver boards, matte overlays, and Project North Star Kit A[17]

Applications and Uses

Project North Star serves as a versatile platform for various applications:

  • AR Application Prototyping: Rapid development of AR experiences with wide FOV
  • Hand Tracking Research: Advanced studies using Leap Motion's skeletal tracking
  • Optical and Display Experimentation: Testing different optics and display configurations
  • Educational Purposes: Teaching AR hardware and software development in universities
  • Artistic Projects: Creating immersive AR installations
  • User Experience Design: Prototyping novel AR interfaces
  • Academic Research: Adopted by labs for optical see-through research

Reception

Tech media and industry analysts praised North Star's specifications and open approach:

  • The Verge described it as "a $100 AR headset with super-powerful hand tracking"[18]
  • Road to VR called the design "impressively open-sourced" and "a glimpse of future consumer specs"[19]
  • Jon Peddie (industry analyst) cited North Star as evidence that wide-FOV AR could be achieved "with fundamentally simple hardware"[20]

Impact and Legacy

Project North Star demonstrated that high-quality AR experiences could be achieved with relatively affordable components. The project inspired numerous developers and researchers to experiment with AR interface design and helped advance the adoption of hand tracking as a primary input method for AR.

The open-source nature of the project created a community of builders who continue to improve and modify the design. Commercial companies like CombineReality emerged to support the community with hard-to-manufacture components. Academic labs have adopted the headset for optical see-through research, citing its open CAD and modifiable optics as key advantages.

The project's influence extends beyond its direct implementations, inspiring other open-hardware AR projects and contributing to the broader democratization of AR technology development.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ben Lang (April 9, 2018). "Leap Motion Reveals Project North Star, an Open-source Wide FOV AR Headset Dev Kit". https://www.roadtovr.com/leap-motion-reveals-project-north-star-an-open-source-wide-fov-ar-headset-dev-kit/. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kevin Carbotte (June 6, 2018). "Leap Motion Open Sources The Project North Star AR Headset's Schematics". https://www.tomshardware.com/news/project-north-star-open-source-documents,37222.html. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  3. ↑ "Project North Star is Now Open Source". June 6, 2018. https://blog.leapmotion.com/north-star-open-source/. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Noah Zerkin. "Building Project North Star". https://www.smart-prototyping.com/blog/Building-Project-North-Star. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  5. ↑ "Our Journey to the North Star". https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/blogs/our-journey-to-the-north-star. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  6. ↑ Florian Maurer (June 28, 2018). "Project North Star: Mechanical Update 1". https://blog.leapmotion.com/project-north-star-mechanical-update-1/. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Florian Maurer (January 23, 2019). "Project North Star: Mechanical Update 3". https://blog.leapmotion.com/project-north-star-mechanical-update-3/. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  8. ↑ "ProjectNorthStar Repository". https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  9. ↑ "North Star Display (3.5 inch, 1440×1600 pixels, 120 fps)". https://www.smart-prototyping.com/North-Star-Display. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  10. ↑ "Leap Motion shows off low-cost Project North Star AR display". April 9, 2018. https://www.analogix.com/pr/leap-motion-shows-low-cost-project-north-star-ar-display. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  11. ↑ "ProjectNorthStar Software". https://github.com/leapmotion/ProjectNorthStar/tree/master/Software. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  12. ↑ "Esky - Project North Star". https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/software/esky. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  13. ↑ "FAQ - Project North Star". https://docs.projectnorthstar.org/getting-started/faq. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  14. ↑ "How a Self-Taught Teen Built His Own North Star Headset". February 27, 2019. https://blog.leapmotion.com/how-a-self-taught-teen-built-his-own-north-star-headset/. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  15. ↑ "Project North Star Discord". https://discord.gg/northstar. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  16. ↑ "Northstar Next". https://www.combinereality.com/northstar-next. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  17. ↑ "Project North Star Kit A". https://www.smart-prototyping.com/Project-North-Star-Kit. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  18. ↑ Adi Robertson (April 9, 2018). "Leap Motion designed a $100 augmented reality headset with super-powerful hand tracking". https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/9/17216592/leap-motion-project-north-star-open-source-augmented-reality-headset. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  19. ↑ Ben Lang (June 6, 2018). "Leap Motion Open-sources Project North Star, an AR Headset Prototype with Impressive Specs". https://www.roadtovr.com/leap-motion-open-sources-project-north-star-ar-headset-prototype-impressive-specs/. Retrieved June 26, 2025.
  20. ↑ Jon Peddie (May 24, 2018). "AR HMD update". https://gfxspeak.com/2018/05/24/ar-hmd-update/. Retrieved June 26, 2025.

External Links

```

Retrieved from "https://vrarwiki.com/index.php?title=Project_North_Star&oldid=35986"