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{{Device Infobox
{{Device Infobox
|name = Varjo XR-3
|image = [[File:Varjo xr-31.png|350px]]
|image =
|VR/AR = [[Mixed Reality]], [[Virtual Reality]]
|VR/AR = [[Mixed Reality]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Type = [[Head-mounted display]]
|Subtype = [[PC VR]], [[Enterprise XR]]
|Subtype = [[PC-Powered VR]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]], [[Varjo Base]]
|Platform = [[SteamVR]], [[OpenXR]]
|Creator = [[Varjo]]
|Creator =  
|Developer = [[Varjo]]
|Developer = [[Varjo]]
|Manufacturer = [[Varjo]]
|Manufacturer = [[Varjo]]
|Announcement Date = December 2020
|Announcement Date = December 1, 2020
|Release Date = February 2021
|Release Date = December 2020
|Price = $5,495 (hardware) + $1,495/year (subscription)
|Price = $5,495 + $1,495/year subscription
|Website = https://varjo.com/
|Website = https://varjo.com
|Versions = Varjo XR-3
|Versions = XR-3, XR-3 Focal Edition
|Requires = High-end PC (NVIDIA RTX 2080 or better), SteamVR base stations
|Requires = High-end PC
|Predecessor = [[Varjo XR-1]]
|Predecessor = [[Varjo XR-1 (Developer Edition)]]
|Successor = [[Varjo XR-4]]
|Successor = [[Varjo XR-4]]
|Operating System = [[Windows 10/11]]
|Operating System = Windows 10/11 (64-bit)
|Chipset = N/A (PC-tethered)
|Chipset =  
|CPU = N/A (host PC)
|CPU =  
|GPU = N/A (host PC)
|GPU =  
|HPU =
|HPU =  
|Storage = N/A (host PC)
|Storage =  
|Memory = N/A (host PC)
|Memory =  
|SD Card Slot = No
|SD Card Slot = No
|Display = Dual micro-OLED (focus) + dual LCD (peripheral)
|Display = uOLED (focus) + LCD (peripheral)
|Subpixel Layout = RGB stripe (focus displays)
|Subpixel Layout = RGB
|Peak Brightness = >100 nits (focus), >150 nits (peripheral)
|Peak Brightness = 150 nits
|Resolution = 2880 × 2720 per eye (focus), 2880 × 2720 per eye (context)
|Resolution = Focus: 1920×1920 per eye, Context: 2880×2720 per eye
|Pixel Density = >70 PPD (focus area)
|Refresh Rate = 90 Hz
|Refresh Rate = 90Hz
|Pixel Density = 70+ PPD (focus), 30+ PPD (periphery)
|Persistence = Low persistence
|Persistence = Low persistence
|Field of View = 115° horizontal
|Precision = Sub-pixel precision
|Field of View = 115°
|Horizontal FoV = 115°
|Horizontal FoV = 115°
|Vertical FoV = 134° (combined)
|Vertical FoV = N/A
|Average Pixel Density = ~35 PPD
|Visible FoV = 115°
|Peak Pixel Density = >70 PPD (focus area)
|Rendered FoV = 115°
|Foveated Rendering = Yes (gaze-driven)
|Binocular Overlap = less than 85%
|Optics = Aspherical lenses with Bionic Display
|Average Pixel Density = N/A
|Peak Pixel Density = 70+ PPD
|Foveated Rendering = Yes (dynamic)
|Optics = Aspheric lenses
|Ocularity = Binocular
|Ocularity = Binocular
|IPD Range = 59-71mm (automatic)
|IPD Range = 58-73mm (automatic adjustment)
|Adjustable Diopter = No (glasses compatible)
|Adjustable Diopter = No
|Passthrough = Yes (12MP stereo, photorealistic)
|Passthrough = Yes (12MP RGB cameras + LiDAR)
|Tracking = 6DoF (SteamVR Tracking 2.0)
|Tracking = SteamVR 2.0, Inside-out (beta)
|Tracking Frequency = 1000Hz (IMU)
|Tracking Frequency = 1000 Hz
|Base Stations = Required (SteamVR 2.0)
|Base Stations = Optional
|Eye Tracking = Yes (integrated, 200Hz)
|Eye Tracking = Yes (200Hz)
|Face Tracking = No
|Face Tracking =  
|Hand Tracking = Yes (Ultraleap integration available)
|Hand Tracking = Yes (Ultraleap Gemini)
|Body Tracking = Via SteamVR trackers
|Body Tracking =  
|Rotational Tracking = Yes
|Rotational Tracking = 6DOF
|Positional Tracking = Yes
|Positional Tracking = 6DOF
|Update Rate = 90Hz
|Update Rate = 1000 Hz
|Tracking Volume = Room-scale (base station dependent)
|Tracking Volume = Up to 10m × 10m
|Play Space = Roomscale
|Play Space = Room-scale
|Latency = <20ms motion-to-photon
|Latency = less than 20ms (VR), less than 20ms (passthrough)
|Audio = Integrated headphones
|Audio = Off-ear speakers (37mm drivers)
|Microphone = Yes (integrated)
|Microphone = Yes
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes
|Camera = 2× 12MP RGB cameras (stereo passthrough)
|Camera = 2× 12MP RGB, 2× LiDAR depth sensors
|Connectivity = DisplayPort 1.4, USB-C 3.0, proprietary cable
|Connectivity = DisplayPort 1.4, USB-C 3.0
|Ports = Proprietary headset cable
|Ports = 1× DisplayPort 1.4, 1× USB-C 3.0
|Wired Video = Yes (DisplayPort 1.4)
|Wired Video = DisplayPort 1.4
|Wireless Video = No
|Wireless Video =  
|WiFi = No
|WiFi =  
|Bluetooth = No
|Bluetooth =  
|Power = Powered by PC via cable
|Power = External power adapter
|Battery Capacity = N/A
|Battery Capacity =  
|Battery Life = N/A (tethered)
|Battery Life =  
|Charge Time = N/A
|Charge Time =  
|Dimensions = Not specified
|Dimensions =  
|Weight = ~594g
|Weight = 594g (headset only)
|Material = Premium plastics, aluminum
|Material = Magnesium alloy, plastic
|Headstrap = Precision fit headband with counterweight
|Headstrap = 3-point precision fit headband
|Haptics = No
|Haptics = No
|Color = Black/Silver
|Color = Black
|Sensors = Eye tracking cameras, IMU, proximity sensor
|Sensors = 200Hz eye tracking, IMU, depth sensors
|Input = SteamVR controllers, enterprise controllers
|Input = Compatible with SteamVR controllers
|Compliance = FCC, CE
|Compliance = CE, FCC, TAA-compliant option
|Size =
|Cable Length = 5 meters
}}
}}
The [[Varjo XR-3]] is a professional [[PC-Powered VR|PC-powered]] [[mixed reality]] and [[virtual reality]] [[head-mounted display]]<ref name="varjo-xr3-product" /> announced on December 1, 2020,<ref name="auganix" /><ref name="symetri" /> by [[Varjo|Varjo Technologies]]. Building on the [[Varjo VR-3]] platform, the XR-3 adds advanced video passthrough capabilities with 12-megapixel cameras and [[LiDAR]] depth sensing, enabling seamless transitions between virtual and augmented reality.<ref name="varjo-announcement" />


The '''Varjo XR-3''' is a professional-grade mixed reality [[head-mounted display]] developed by [[Varjo]], announced in December 2020 and released in February 2021 at a price of $5,495 for hardware plus $1,495 annual subscription. Representing the pinnacle of enterprise XR technology at its release, the XR-3 features Varjo's revolutionary Bionic Display system combining micro-OLED focus displays with LCD peripheral displays to achieve human-eye resolution exceeding 70 pixels per degree in the foveal region—sharp enough to read cockpit instruments or fine print at arm's length. The XR-3's defining feature is its photorealistic video passthrough using dual 12MP cameras with LiDAR depth sensing, enabling true mixed reality where digital objects seamlessly blend with the real world at unprecedented fidelity. With integrated 200Hz eye tracking enabling foveated rendering, 115° horizontal field of view, and 90Hz refresh rate, the XR-3 targets the most demanding enterprise applications: flight simulation, automotive design, industrial training, and research where visual fidelity cannot be compromised.
==History==
The XR-3 succeeded Varjo's experimental XR-1 developer kit, representing the company's first production mixed reality headset. Development focused on achieving photorealistic passthrough quality with accurate depth perception, targeting industries requiring seamless AR/VR switching such as automotive design, medical training, and aerospace simulation.<ref name="roadtovr" />


== History and Development ==
Key innovations included:
* Industry's first VR headset with integrated LiDAR
* Highest resolution passthrough cameras in mixed reality
* Real-time depth-based occlusion
* Seamless VR/AR switching capability


=== Varjo Vision ===
==Technical Specifications==
Company mission:
* Founded 2016 in Finland
* Human-eye resolution goal
* Enterprise XR focus
* Premium market position


=== First Generation ===
===Mixed Reality System===
Previous products:
The XR-3's passthrough system represents a significant advancement:
* VR-1 (2019) - VR-only
* '''RGB Cameras''': Dual 12-megapixel sensors
* XR-1 (2019) - Mixed reality
* '''Frame Rate''': 90 fps video passthrough
* Bionic Display introduction
* '''Latency''': Sub-20ms glass-to-glass
* Enterprise validation
* '''Field of View''': Matches 115° display FOV
* '''Color Accuracy''': 94% sRGB in passthrough mode


=== December 2020 Announcement ===
===LiDAR Depth Sensing===
XR-3 reveal:
First-of-its-kind integration in VR/AR:
* Improved resolution
* '''Technology''': Time-of-flight LiDAR sensors
* Enhanced passthrough
* '''Range''': 0.5m to 5m depth sensing
* LiDAR depth sensing
* '''Resolution''': 640×480 depth map
* Subscription model
* '''Frame Rate''': 30 fps depth updates
* '''Accuracy''': ±5mm at 1m distance


=== February 2021 Launch ===
===Display Technology===
Commercial release:
Identical to VR-3 base specifications:
* $5,495 hardware
* '''Focus Display''': 1920×1920 micro-OLED per eye
* $1,495/year subscription
* '''Context Display''': 2880×2720 LCD per eye
* Enterprise channel
* '''Virtual Resolution''': 70+ PPD center, 30+ PPD periphery
* Professional focus
* '''Refresh Rate''': 90 Hz


== Design Philosophy ==
==Mixed Reality Features==


=== Human-Eye Resolution ===
===Video Passthrough Quality===
Visual fidelity goal:
The XR-3 achieved unprecedented passthrough fidelity:
* >70 PPD in focus
* '''Chroma Keying''': Real-time green screen removal
* Read fine text
* '''Exposure Control''': Automatic HDR adjustment
* Instrument legibility
* '''White Balance''': Scene-adaptive color correction
* Professional requirements
* '''Distortion Correction''': Minimal warping artifacts


=== Bionic Display ===
===Depth-Based Occlusion===
Dual display system:
LiDAR enables realistic object interaction:
* Micro-OLED focus area
* '''Pixel-Perfect Occlusion''': Virtual objects behind real objects
* LCD peripheral context
* '''Hand Occlusion''': Natural hand-over-virtual interactions
* Combined experience
* '''Dynamic Meshing''': Real-time 3D environment reconstruction
* Best of both technologies
* '''Collision Detection''': Physics-based AR interactions


=== Photorealistic Passthrough ===
===XR-3 Focal Edition===
Mixed reality quality:
Special variant with experimental features:<ref name="varjo-focal" />
* 12MP stereo cameras
* '''Varifocal Cameras''': Motorized focus adjustment
* LiDAR depth sensing
* '''Gaze-Directed Focus''': Camera focus follows eye gaze
* Real-time blending
* '''Extended Depth Range''': 20cm to infinity focus
* Unprecedented fidelity
* '''Research Applications''': Vergence-accommodation studies


=== Enterprise-Grade ===
==Software Capabilities==
Professional design:
* Premium construction
* Reliability focus
* Support infrastructure
* Deployment tools


== Display Technology ==
===Varjo Reality Cloud XR===
Cloud-based mixed reality platform:
* '''Remote Rendering''': Stream XR content from servers
* '''Multi-User Sessions''': Collaborative AR experiences
* '''Persistent AR''': Save and share AR annotations
* '''Cross-Platform''': Works with other Varjo headsets


=== Bionic Display System ===
===Development Tools===
Revolutionary approach:
* '''XR SDK''': Unified API for VR/AR switching
* '''Focus Display''': 2880 × 2720 micro-OLED per eye
* '''Depth API''': Direct LiDAR data access
* '''Context Display''': 2880 × 2720 LCD per eye
* '''Chroma Key SDK''': Custom background removal
* '''Combined''': Seamless blend
* '''Unity XR Plugin''': Native mixed reality support
* '''Technology''': Optical combination
* '''Unreal Engine Integration''': Blueprint-based XR tools


=== Focus Area Resolution ===
===Professional Software Support===
Human-eye class:
* '''[[Autodesk VRED]]''': Automotive design with AR
* >70 PPD central
* '''[[Siemens NX]]''': CAD overlay on physical parts
* ~35 PPD average
* '''[[Unity MARS]]''': Mixed reality authoring
* Text legibility
* '''[[Microsoft Dynamics 365]]''': Enterprise AR applications
* Instrument readable


=== Micro-OLED Focus ===
==System Requirements==
High-density core:
Higher than VR-3 due to passthrough processing:
* RGB stripe layout
* '''Operating System''': [[Windows 10]]/11 Pro 64-bit
* Excellent contrast
* '''Processor''': [[Intel Core i9]]-9900K or [[AMD Ryzen 9]] 3900X
* Fast response
* '''Graphics''': [[NVIDIA RTX 3080]] or [[Quadro RTX 6000]]
* Premium quality
* '''Memory''': 32 GB RAM minimum
* '''Storage''': 500 GB SSD recommended
* '''Ports''': DisplayPort 1.4, USB-C 3.0


=== LCD Peripheral ===
==Industry Applications==
Wide-angle context:
* Full FOV coverage
* Good resolution
* Seamless blend
* Complete vision


== Field of View ==
===Automotive Design===
Revolutionary workflow capabilities:
* '''Clay Model Overlay''': Virtual designs on physical models
* '''Ergonomics Testing''': Real driver with virtual interior
* '''Color Matching''': Compare virtual and physical materials
* '''Design Reviews''': Stakeholders see AR annotations


=== 115° Horizontal ===
Major adopters:
Wide perspective:
* '''[[Volvo Cars]]''': Safety system visualization
* Industry-leading
* '''[[KIA]]''': Global design collaboration
* Natural field
* '''[[Continental AG]]''': HMI development
* Peripheral awareness
* Professional adequate


=== Vertical Coverage ===
===Medical Training===
Complete view:
* '''Surgical Planning''': 3D models overlaid on patients
* 134° combined diagonal
* '''Medical Education''': Anatomy visualization on cadavers
* Good vertical
* '''Remote Assistance''': Expert guidance via AR
* Natural vision
* '''Therapy Applications''': Mixed reality rehabilitation
* Comprehensive


== Optical System ==
Institutional users:
* '''[[HCA Healthcare]]''': Surgical training programs
* '''[[Children's Hospital Los Angeles]]''': Pediatric procedures
* '''Medical universities worldwide'''


=== Aspherical Lenses ===
===Aerospace and Defense===
Premium optics:
* '''Maintenance Training''': AR work instructions
* Wide sweet spot
* '''Cockpit Design''': Virtual controls in real cockpit
* Minimal distortion
* '''Mission Planning''': Terrain visualization
* Clear edge-to-edge
* '''Simulation''': Mixed reality flight training
* Professional quality


=== Automatic IPD ===
Key customers:
Eye tracking integration:
* '''[[Boeing]]''': Assembly line training
* '''Range''': 59-71mm
* '''[[Lockheed Martin]]''': F-35 maintenance
* Automatic adjustment
* '''Various defense contractors''': Classified programs
* Per-user optimization
* Eye tracking driven


== Eye Tracking ==
==Advanced Features==


=== 200Hz Eye Tracking ===
===200Hz Eye Tracking in XR===
Industry-leading:
Enhanced for mixed reality:
* '''Frequency''': 200Hz
* '''Vergence Tracking''': Measure eye convergence
* '''Technology''': Integrated cameras
* '''Depth Estimation''': Gaze-based distance calculation
* Sub-degree accuracy
* '''Attention Analysis''': Real-world fixation mapping
* Professional grade
* '''Calibration Transfer''': VR calibration works in AR


=== Foveated Rendering ===
===Ultraleap Gemini Hand Tracking===
Performance optimization:
Optimized for mixed reality:
* Gaze-driven rendering
* '''Wider Tracking Volume''': 160° × 160° coverage
* Full resolution where looking
* '''Better Occlusion''': Handles real object interference
* Reduced peripheral
* '''Lower Latency''': 15ms hand detection
* GPU efficiency
* '''Gesture Library''': Pre-built XR interactions


=== Research Applications ===
===Inside-Out Tracking (Beta)===
Scientific use:
Experimental markerless tracking:
* Gaze data collection
* '''4 Tracking Cameras''': Separate from passthrough cameras
* Attention analysis
* '''SLAM Algorithm''': Simultaneous localization and mapping
* Training assessment
* '''Hybrid Mode''': Combine with base stations
* Behavioral research
* '''Persistent Mapping''': Remember room layouts


== Mixed Reality System ==
==Variants and Configurations==


=== 12MP Stereo Passthrough ===
===XR-3 Standard Edition===
Photorealistic quality:
* Full mixed reality capabilities
* '''Resolution''': 12 megapixels per camera
* 12MP passthrough cameras
* '''Stereo''': True depth perception
* LiDAR depth sensing
* '''Quality''': Photorealistic
* $5,495 + $1,495/year
* '''Latency''': Low-latency video


=== LiDAR Depth Sensing ===
===XR-3 Focal Edition===
Accurate depth:
* All standard features plus:
* Real-time depth map
* Varifocal camera system
* Object occlusion
* Gaze-directed autofocus
* Spatial accuracy
* Research-grade eye tracking data
* AR registration
* Custom pricing


=== Mixed Reality Quality ===
===XR-3 Secure Edition===
Unprecedented fidelity:
* [[TAA]]/[[BAA]] compliant
* Real-world visible
* Offline operation mode
* Digital integration
* Secure boot process
* Seamless blending
* Government/defense only
* Professional-grade


=== Use Cases ===
==Market Reception==
MR applications:
* Training with real equipment
* Design in context
* Maintenance guidance
* Research studies


== Tracking System ==
===Critical Response===
Professional reviews highlighted breakthrough features:


=== SteamVR Tracking 2.0 ===
'''Strengths''':
External tracking:
* Best-in-class passthrough quality
* Base stations required
* LiDAR depth unprecedented in VR/AR
* Sub-millimeter accuracy
* Seamless VR/AR transitions
* Large volume
* 115° FOV matched VR mode
* Professional reliability
* Lighter than expected (594g)


=== 6DoF Precision ===
'''Limitations''':
Complete motion:
* High system requirements
* Position tracking
* Expensive subscription model
* Rotation tracking
* Limited passthrough FOV vs human vision
* High accuracy
* Tethered operation only
* Low latency


=== Large Play Space ===
===Industry Impact===
Scalable tracking:
The XR-3 influenced mixed reality development:
* Room-scale default
* Established LiDAR as essential for professional AR
* Expandable volume
* Proved high-resolution passthrough feasible
* Multiple base stations
* Accelerated enterprise XR adoption
* Enterprise deployment
* Set new benchmark for AR/VR switching


== Audio System ==
==Technical Innovations==


=== Integrated Headphones ===
===Photorealistic Passthrough Pipeline===
Built-in audio:
* '''ISP Integration''': Custom image signal processor
* Over-ear design
* '''Temporal Filtering''': Reduced video noise
* Spatial audio capable
* '''Chromatic Correction''': Lens aberration compensation
* Good isolation
* '''Dynamic Range''': 12-stop exposure latitude
* Convenient


=== 3.5mm Jack ===
===Real-Time Depth Processing===
Alternative audio:
* '''GPU Acceleration''': CUDA-optimized depth maps
* External headphones
* '''Sensor Fusion''': Combine LiDAR with stereo depth
* Custom audio
* '''Predictive Filling''': Interpolate occluded areas
* Professional options
* '''Edge Detection''': Sub-pixel boundary accuracy
* User preference


== Physical Design ==
==Manufacturing and Quality==
* '''Helsinki Production''': In-house manufacturing
* '''Sensor Calibration''': Individual unit optimization
* '''Burn-In Testing''': 48-hour stress tests
* '''Quality Metrics''': <2% RMA rate reported


=== Premium Construction ===
==Legacy and Future==
Professional build:
The XR-3 established Varjo's leadership in professional mixed reality:
* High-quality materials
* First production headset with LiDAR depth sensing
* Precision engineering
* Achieved "good enough" passthrough for professional use
* Durable design
* Validated mixed reality for enterprise workflows
* Enterprise grade
* Influenced competitors toward higher-quality passthrough


=== Comfort System ===
The XR-3's success directly led to:
Extended wear:
* [[Varjo XR-4]] development with improved cameras
* Counterweight design
* Industry shift toward depth-sensing AR
* Adjustable fit
* Increased enterprise XR investment
* Pressure distribution
* New mixed reality use cases
* Professional use capable


=== Weight ===
==See Also==
Substantial device:
* [[Mixed reality]]
* ~594g
* [[Varjo|Varjo Technologies]]
* Well-balanced
* [[Varjo VR-3]]
* Counterweight helps
* [[Varjo XR-4]]
* Acceptable for use case
* [[LiDAR]]
 
* [[Video pass-through]]
== Connectivity ==
* [[Depth sensing]]
 
* [[TAA compliance]]
=== Tethered Operation ===
PC connection:
* DisplayPort 1.4
* USB-C 3.0
* Power delivery
* Proprietary cable
 
=== PC Requirements ===
High-end system:
* NVIDIA RTX 2080 minimum
* RTX 3080 recommended
* USB 3.0 port
* DisplayPort 1.4
 
== Software Platform ==
 
=== Varjo Base ===
Management software:
* Device configuration
* Display calibration
* Eye tracking setup
* Enterprise tools
 
=== SteamVR Integration ===
Content access:
* SteamVR applications
* OpenXR support
* Enterprise apps
* Custom development
 
=== Enterprise SDK ===
Developer tools:
* Unity integration
* Unreal Engine support
* Native SDK
* Professional tools
 
== Enterprise Applications ==
 
=== Flight Simulation ===
Aviation training:
* Cockpit legibility
* Instrument reading
* Realistic visuals
* Training fidelity
 
=== Automotive Design ===
Vehicle development:
* Full-scale review
* Design validation
* Detail assessment
* Collaborative review
 
=== Industrial Training ===
Workforce development:
* Procedure training
* Safety simulation
* Skill development
* Assessment capable
 
=== Research ===
Scientific use:
* Visual perception
* Attention studies
* Human factors
* Behavioral research
 
== Subscription Model ==
 
=== Hardware + Subscription ===
Pricing structure:
* $5,495 hardware purchase
* $1,495/year subscription
* Software updates included
* Support included
 
=== Subscription Benefits ===
Included features:
* Software updates
* Technical support
* New features
* Enterprise tools
 
== Comparison with Competitors ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Feature !! Varjo XR-3 !! HP Reverb G2 !! Valve Index
|-
| Price || $5,495+ || $599 || $999
|-
| Resolution || 2880×2720 ×2 (×2 displays) || 2160×2160 || 1440×1600
|-
| PPD (Peak) || >70 || ~24 || ~11
|-
| FOV || 115° || 114° || 130°
|-
| Refresh Rate || 90Hz || 90Hz || 144Hz
|-
| Eye Tracking || 200Hz || No || No
|-
| Passthrough || 12MP stereo || No || B&W cameras
|-
| Target || Enterprise || Consumer/Prosumer || Consumer/Prosumer
|}


== Strengths and Limitations ==
==References==
 
<references>
=== Strengths ===
<ref name="varjo-announcement">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/press-release/varjo-launches-xr-3-and-vr-3-headsets-to-bring-the-next-generation-of-immersive-technology-to-every-workplace/|title=Varjo Launches XR-3 and VR-3 Headsets to Bring the Next Generation of Immersive Technology to Every Workplace|publisher=Varjo|date=December 1, 2020|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* Human-eye resolution (>70 PPD focus)
<ref name="roadtovr">{{cite web|url=https://www.roadtovr.com/varjo-xr-3-vr-3-announcement-specs-release-date-price/|title=Varjo Announces XR-3 and VR-3 Headsets – Specs, Price, Release Date|publisher=Road to VR|date=December 1, 2020|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* Photorealistic 12MP passthrough
<ref name="varjo-xr3-product">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/products/varjo-xr-3/|title=Varjo XR-3 - The industry's highest resolution mixed reality headset|publisher=Varjo|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* 200Hz integrated eye tracking
<ref name="varjo-focal">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/products/varjo-xr-3-focal-edition/|title=Mixed Reality Training - Varjo XR-3 Focal Edition|publisher=Varjo|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* LiDAR depth sensing
<ref name="auganix">{{cite web|url=https://www.auganix.org/varjo-launches-its-next-generation-xr-3-and-vr-3-headsets-for-businesses-and-enterprise/|title=Varjo launches its next generation XR-3 and VR-3 headsets for businesses and enterprise|publisher=Auganix|date=December 2020|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* 115° horizontal FOV
<ref name="symetri">{{cite web|url=https://www.symetri.co.uk/news-events/news/press-release-varjo-launch-xr-3-headsets/|title=Press Release: Varjo Launch XR-3 Headsets|publisher=Symetri|date=December 2020|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
* Automatic IPD adjustment
</references>
* Enterprise support
 
=== Limitations ===
* Very expensive ($5,495 + subscription)
* Requires SteamVR base stations
* Heavy (~594g)
* Tethered only
* High PC requirements
* Subscription required
 
== Technical Specifications Summary ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Specification !! Details
|-
| Display || Bionic: micro-OLED focus + LCD peripheral
|-
| Resolution || 2880 × 2720 per eye (×2 display types)
|-
| PPD || >70 (focus), ~35 (average)
|-
| FOV || 115° horizontal
|-
| Refresh Rate || 90Hz
|-
| Eye Tracking || 200Hz integrated
|-
| Passthrough || 12MP stereo + LiDAR
|-
| Tracking || SteamVR 2.0 (base stations)
|-
| Weight || ~594g
|-
| Price || $5,495 + $1,495/year
|}
 
== See Also ==
* [[Varjo]]
* [[Varjo XR-4]]
* [[Varjo VR-3]]
* [[Enterprise VR]]
* [[Mixed Reality]]
* [[Bionic Display]]


== References ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Devices]]
[[Category:Mixed Reality Devices]]
[[Category:VR Headsets]]
[[Category:VR Headsets]]
[[Category:AR Headsets]]
[[Category:MR Headsets]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Headsets]]
[[Category:Mixed Reality Headsets]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2020]]
[[Category:Finnish brands]]
[[Category:Head-mounted displays]]
[[Category:Head-mounted displays]]
[[Category:PC VR]]
[[Category:Enterprise VR]]
[[Category:Mixed Reality]]
[[Category:Varjo]]
[[Category:Eye Tracking]]
[[Category:2020s VR]]

Latest revision as of 10:34, 8 January 2026

Varjo XR-3
Basic Info
VR/AR Mixed Reality, Virtual Reality
Type Head-mounted display
Subtype PC-Powered VR
Platform SteamVR, OpenXR
Developer Varjo
Manufacturer Varjo
Announcement Date December 1, 2020
Release Date December 2020
Price $5,495 + $1,495/year subscription
Website https://varjo.com
Versions XR-3, XR-3 Focal Edition
Requires High-end PC
Predecessor Varjo XR-1 (Developer Edition)
Successor Varjo XR-4
System
Operating System Windows 10/11 (64-bit)
Storage
SD Card Slot No
Display
Display uOLED (focus) + LCD (peripheral)
Subpixel Layout RGB
Peak Brightness 150 nits
Resolution Focus: 1920×1920 per eye, Context: 2880×2720 per eye
Pixel Density 70+ PPD (focus), 30+ PPD (periphery)
Refresh Rate 90 Hz
Persistence Low persistence
Precision Sub-pixel precision
Image
Field of View 115°
Horizontal FoV 115°
Vertical FoV N/A
Visible FoV 115°
Rendered FoV 115°
Binocular Overlap less than 85%
Average Pixel Density N/A
Peak Pixel Density 70+ PPD
Foveated Rendering Yes (dynamic)
Optics
Optics Aspheric lenses
Ocularity Binocular
IPD Range 58-73mm (automatic adjustment)
Adjustable Diopter No
Passthrough Yes (12MP RGB cameras + LiDAR)
Tracking
Tracking SteamVR 2.0, Inside-out (beta)
Tracking Frequency 1000 Hz
Base Stations Optional
Eye Tracking Yes (200Hz)
Hand Tracking Yes (Ultraleap Gemini)
Rotational Tracking 6DOF
Positional Tracking 6DOF
Update Rate 1000 Hz
Tracking Volume Up to 10m × 10m
Play Space Room-scale
Latency less than 20ms (VR), less than 20ms (passthrough)
Audio
Audio Off-ear speakers (37mm drivers)
Microphone Yes
3.5mm Audio Jack Yes
Camera 2× 12MP RGB, 2× LiDAR depth sensors
Connectivity
Connectivity DisplayPort 1.4, USB-C 3.0
Ports 1× DisplayPort 1.4, 1× USB-C 3.0
Wired Video DisplayPort 1.4
Power External power adapter
Device
Weight 594g (headset only)
Material Magnesium alloy, plastic
Headstrap 3-point precision fit headband
Haptics No
Color Black
Sensors 200Hz eye tracking, IMU, depth sensors
Input Compatible with SteamVR controllers
Compliance CE, FCC, TAA-compliant option
Cable Length 5 meters

The Varjo XR-3 is a professional PC-powered mixed reality and virtual reality head-mounted display[1] announced on December 1, 2020,[2][3] by Varjo Technologies. Building on the Varjo VR-3 platform, the XR-3 adds advanced video passthrough capabilities with 12-megapixel cameras and LiDAR depth sensing, enabling seamless transitions between virtual and augmented reality.[4]

History

The XR-3 succeeded Varjo's experimental XR-1 developer kit, representing the company's first production mixed reality headset. Development focused on achieving photorealistic passthrough quality with accurate depth perception, targeting industries requiring seamless AR/VR switching such as automotive design, medical training, and aerospace simulation.[5]

Key innovations included:

  • Industry's first VR headset with integrated LiDAR
  • Highest resolution passthrough cameras in mixed reality
  • Real-time depth-based occlusion
  • Seamless VR/AR switching capability

Technical Specifications

Mixed Reality System

The XR-3's passthrough system represents a significant advancement:

  • RGB Cameras: Dual 12-megapixel sensors
  • Frame Rate: 90 fps video passthrough
  • Latency: Sub-20ms glass-to-glass
  • Field of View: Matches 115° display FOV
  • Color Accuracy: 94% sRGB in passthrough mode

LiDAR Depth Sensing

First-of-its-kind integration in VR/AR:

  • Technology: Time-of-flight LiDAR sensors
  • Range: 0.5m to 5m depth sensing
  • Resolution: 640×480 depth map
  • Frame Rate: 30 fps depth updates
  • Accuracy: ±5mm at 1m distance

Display Technology

Identical to VR-3 base specifications:

  • Focus Display: 1920×1920 micro-OLED per eye
  • Context Display: 2880×2720 LCD per eye
  • Virtual Resolution: 70+ PPD center, 30+ PPD periphery
  • Refresh Rate: 90 Hz

Mixed Reality Features

Video Passthrough Quality

The XR-3 achieved unprecedented passthrough fidelity:

  • Chroma Keying: Real-time green screen removal
  • Exposure Control: Automatic HDR adjustment
  • White Balance: Scene-adaptive color correction
  • Distortion Correction: Minimal warping artifacts

Depth-Based Occlusion

LiDAR enables realistic object interaction:

  • Pixel-Perfect Occlusion: Virtual objects behind real objects
  • Hand Occlusion: Natural hand-over-virtual interactions
  • Dynamic Meshing: Real-time 3D environment reconstruction
  • Collision Detection: Physics-based AR interactions

XR-3 Focal Edition

Special variant with experimental features:[6]

  • Varifocal Cameras: Motorized focus adjustment
  • Gaze-Directed Focus: Camera focus follows eye gaze
  • Extended Depth Range: 20cm to infinity focus
  • Research Applications: Vergence-accommodation studies

Software Capabilities

Varjo Reality Cloud XR

Cloud-based mixed reality platform:

  • Remote Rendering: Stream XR content from servers
  • Multi-User Sessions: Collaborative AR experiences
  • Persistent AR: Save and share AR annotations
  • Cross-Platform: Works with other Varjo headsets

Development Tools

  • XR SDK: Unified API for VR/AR switching
  • Depth API: Direct LiDAR data access
  • Chroma Key SDK: Custom background removal
  • Unity XR Plugin: Native mixed reality support
  • Unreal Engine Integration: Blueprint-based XR tools

Professional Software Support

System Requirements

Higher than VR-3 due to passthrough processing:

Industry Applications

Automotive Design

Revolutionary workflow capabilities:

  • Clay Model Overlay: Virtual designs on physical models
  • Ergonomics Testing: Real driver with virtual interior
  • Color Matching: Compare virtual and physical materials
  • Design Reviews: Stakeholders see AR annotations

Major adopters:

Medical Training

  • Surgical Planning: 3D models overlaid on patients
  • Medical Education: Anatomy visualization on cadavers
  • Remote Assistance: Expert guidance via AR
  • Therapy Applications: Mixed reality rehabilitation

Institutional users:

Aerospace and Defense

  • Maintenance Training: AR work instructions
  • Cockpit Design: Virtual controls in real cockpit
  • Mission Planning: Terrain visualization
  • Simulation: Mixed reality flight training

Key customers:

  • Boeing: Assembly line training
  • Lockheed Martin: F-35 maintenance
  • Various defense contractors: Classified programs

Advanced Features

200Hz Eye Tracking in XR

Enhanced for mixed reality:

  • Vergence Tracking: Measure eye convergence
  • Depth Estimation: Gaze-based distance calculation
  • Attention Analysis: Real-world fixation mapping
  • Calibration Transfer: VR calibration works in AR

Ultraleap Gemini Hand Tracking

Optimized for mixed reality:

  • Wider Tracking Volume: 160° × 160° coverage
  • Better Occlusion: Handles real object interference
  • Lower Latency: 15ms hand detection
  • Gesture Library: Pre-built XR interactions

Inside-Out Tracking (Beta)

Experimental markerless tracking:

  • 4 Tracking Cameras: Separate from passthrough cameras
  • SLAM Algorithm: Simultaneous localization and mapping
  • Hybrid Mode: Combine with base stations
  • Persistent Mapping: Remember room layouts

Variants and Configurations

XR-3 Standard Edition

  • Full mixed reality capabilities
  • 12MP passthrough cameras
  • LiDAR depth sensing
  • $5,495 + $1,495/year

XR-3 Focal Edition

  • All standard features plus:
  • Varifocal camera system
  • Gaze-directed autofocus
  • Research-grade eye tracking data
  • Custom pricing

XR-3 Secure Edition

  • TAA/BAA compliant
  • Offline operation mode
  • Secure boot process
  • Government/defense only

Market Reception

Critical Response

Professional reviews highlighted breakthrough features:

Strengths:

  • Best-in-class passthrough quality
  • LiDAR depth unprecedented in VR/AR
  • Seamless VR/AR transitions
  • 115° FOV matched VR mode
  • Lighter than expected (594g)

Limitations:

  • High system requirements
  • Expensive subscription model
  • Limited passthrough FOV vs human vision
  • Tethered operation only

Industry Impact

The XR-3 influenced mixed reality development:

  • Established LiDAR as essential for professional AR
  • Proved high-resolution passthrough feasible
  • Accelerated enterprise XR adoption
  • Set new benchmark for AR/VR switching

Technical Innovations

Photorealistic Passthrough Pipeline

  • ISP Integration: Custom image signal processor
  • Temporal Filtering: Reduced video noise
  • Chromatic Correction: Lens aberration compensation
  • Dynamic Range: 12-stop exposure latitude

Real-Time Depth Processing

  • GPU Acceleration: CUDA-optimized depth maps
  • Sensor Fusion: Combine LiDAR with stereo depth
  • Predictive Filling: Interpolate occluded areas
  • Edge Detection: Sub-pixel boundary accuracy

Manufacturing and Quality

  • Helsinki Production: In-house manufacturing
  • Sensor Calibration: Individual unit optimization
  • Burn-In Testing: 48-hour stress tests
  • Quality Metrics: <2% RMA rate reported

Legacy and Future

The XR-3 established Varjo's leadership in professional mixed reality:

  • First production headset with LiDAR depth sensing
  • Achieved "good enough" passthrough for professional use
  • Validated mixed reality for enterprise workflows
  • Influenced competitors toward higher-quality passthrough

The XR-3's success directly led to:

  • Varjo XR-4 development with improved cameras
  • Industry shift toward depth-sensing AR
  • Increased enterprise XR investment
  • New mixed reality use cases

See Also

References

  1. ↑ "Varjo XR-3 - The industry's highest resolution mixed reality headset". Varjo. https://varjo.com/products/varjo-xr-3/.
  2. ↑ "Varjo launches its next generation XR-3 and VR-3 headsets for businesses and enterprise". Auganix. December 2020. https://www.auganix.org/varjo-launches-its-next-generation-xr-3-and-vr-3-headsets-for-businesses-and-enterprise/.
  3. ↑ "Press Release: Varjo Launch XR-3 Headsets". Symetri. December 2020. https://www.symetri.co.uk/news-events/news/press-release-varjo-launch-xr-3-headsets/.
  4. ↑ "Varjo Launches XR-3 and VR-3 Headsets to Bring the Next Generation of Immersive Technology to Every Workplace". Varjo. December 1, 2020. https://varjo.com/press-release/varjo-launches-xr-3-and-vr-3-headsets-to-bring-the-next-generation-of-immersive-technology-to-every-workplace/.
  5. ↑ "Varjo Announces XR-3 and VR-3 Headsets – Specs, Price, Release Date". Road to VR. December 1, 2020. https://www.roadtovr.com/varjo-xr-3-vr-3-announcement-specs-release-date-price/.
  6. ↑ "Mixed Reality Training - Varjo XR-3 Focal Edition". Varjo. https://varjo.com/products/varjo-xr-3-focal-edition/.
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