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{{Device Infobox
{{Device Infobox
|image = [[File:Varjo_VR-1.jpg|300px]]
|name = Varjo VR-1
|VR/AR = Virtual Reality
|image =
|Type = Head-mounted display
|VR/AR = [[Virtual Reality]]
|Subtype = PC-Powered VR
|Type = [[PC VR Headset]]
|Platform = SteamVR
|Subtype = [[Enterprise VR]], [[High-Resolution VR]]
|Creator = Urho Konttori, Klaus Melakari, Niko Eiden, Roope Rainisto
|Platform = Windows (SteamVR)
|Creator = [[Varjo]]
|Developer = [[Varjo]]
|Developer = [[Varjo]]
|Manufacturer = Flex
|Manufacturer = [[Varjo]]
|Announcement Date = October 2, 2017
|Announcement Date = October 2017
|Release Date = February 19, 2019
|Release Date = February 2019
|Price = $5,995 + $995/year subscription
|Price = $5,995 + $995/year service license
|Website = https://varjo.com
|Website = https://varjo.com/
|Versions = VR-1
|Versions = Varjo VR-1
|Requires = High-end PC
|Requires = High-end Windows PC (GTX 1080+), SteamVR Base Stations
|Predecessor = None
|Predecessor = Varjo prototypes
|Successor = [[Varjo VR-2]]
|Successor = [[Varjo VR-2]]
|Operating System = Windows 10 Pro (64-bit)
|Operating System = Windows 10+
|Chipset =  
|Chipset = PC-dependent
|CPU =  
|CPU = Intel Core i7-6700 minimum
|GPU =  
|GPU = NVIDIA GTX 1080 / Quadro P5000 minimum
|HPU =  
|HPU =
|Storage =  
|Storage = PC-dependent
|Memory =  
|Memory = PC-dependent
|SD Card Slot = No
|SD Card Slot = No
|Display = Dual OLED displays per eye (Bionic Display)
|Display = Dual display per eye (Bionic Display)
|Subpixel Layout = RGB
|Subpixel Layout = RGB
|Peak Brightness =  
|Peak Brightness = High
|Resolution = Focus: 1920×1080 per eye, Context: 1440×1600 per eye
|Resolution = Context: 1440×1600/eye, Focus: 1920×1080/eye
|Refresh Rate = Focus: 60 Hz, Context: 90 Hz
|Pixel Density = 60+ PPD (focus area), 3000 PPI
|Pixel Density = 60+ PPD (focus area), 14 PPD (periphery)
|Refresh Rate = 60Hz (focus), 90Hz (context)
|Persistence = Low persistence
|Persistence = Low persistence
|Precision = Sub-pixel precision
|Field of View = 87°
|Field of View = 87° (82° diagonal)
|Horizontal FoV = 87°
|Horizontal FoV = 87°
|Vertical FoV = N/A
|Vertical FoV = 87°
|Visible FoV = 87°
|Average Pixel Density = 60+ PPD (focus)
|Rendered FoV = 150°
|Peak Pixel Density = 60+ PPD (3000 PPI)
|Binocular Overlap = less than 85%
|Foveated Rendering = Fixed-foveated (hardware)
|Average Pixel Density = N/A
|Optics = Dual optical path (Bionic Display)
|Peak Pixel Density = 60+ PPD
|Foveated Rendering = Yes (fixed foveated)
|Optics = Custom hybrid optics
|Ocularity = Binocular
|Ocularity = Binocular
|IPD Range = 58-72mm (manual adjustment)
|IPD Range = Adjustable
|Adjustable Diopter = No
|Adjustable Diopter = No
|Passthrough = No
|Passthrough = No (VR only)
|Tracking = SteamVR 2.0
|Tracking = 6DoF (SteamVR/outside-in)
|Tracking Frequency = 1000 Hz
|Tracking Frequency = High-speed
|Base Stations = Required (SteamVR 2.0)
|Base Stations = Required (SteamVR)
|Eye Tracking = Yes (20/20 Eye Tracker)
|Eye Tracking = Yes (integrated)
|Face Tracking = No
|Face Tracking = No
|Hand Tracking = No
|Hand Tracking = No
|Body Tracking = No
|Body Tracking = No
|Rotational Tracking = 6DOF
|Rotational Tracking = Yes
|Positional Tracking = 6DOF
|Positional Tracking = Yes
|Update Rate = 1000 Hz
|Update Rate = 90Hz
|Tracking Volume = Up to 10m × 10m
|Tracking Volume = Base station dependent
|Play Space = Room-scale
|Play Space = Room-scale
|Latency = less than 20ms
|Latency = Low latency
|Audio = 3.5mm jack
|Audio = 3.5mm jack
|Microphone = Yes
|Microphone = No
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes
|3.5mm Audio Jack = Yes
|Camera = No
|Camera = No
|Connectivity = DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0
|Connectivity = DisplayPort, USB
|Ports = 1× DisplayPort 1.2, 2× USB 3.0
|Ports = DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0
|Wired Video = DisplayPort 1.2
|Wired Video = Yes
|Wireless Video = No
|Wireless Video = No
|WiFi = No
|WiFi = No
|Bluetooth = No
|Bluetooth = No
|Power = External power adapter
|Power = Tethered (PC-powered)
|Battery Capacity =  
|Battery Capacity = N/A (tethered)
|Battery Life =  
|Battery Life = N/A
|Charge Time =  
|Charge Time = N/A
|Dimensions =
|Dimensions = Professional headset form
|Weight = 905g (headset + headband)
|Weight = ~605g
|Material = Aluminum, plastic
|Material = Professional-grade housing
|Headstrap = Professional headband
|Headstrap = Adjustable head strap
|Haptics = No
|Haptics = No
|Color = Black
|Color = Black/Grey
|Sensors = Eye tracking sensors
|Sensors = Eye tracking, IMU
|Input = Compatible with SteamVR controllers
|Input = SteamVR controllers
|Compliance = CE, FCC
|Compliance = Enterprise certified
|Size =
|Cable Length = 10 meters
}}
}}
The [[Varjo VR-1]] is a professional [[virtual reality]] [[head-mounted display]] developed by [[Varjo|Varjo Technologies]], a Finnish company founded by former [[Nokia]] and [[Microsoft]] executives. Announced on October 2, 2017, and released on February 19, 2019, the VR-1 was the world's first VR headset to achieve "human-eye resolution" through its revolutionary Bionic Display technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/press-release/varjo-announces-vr-1-worlds-first-human-eye-resolution-vr-headset-for-industrial-use/|title=Varjo Announces VR-1, World's First Human Eye-Resolution VR Headset For Industrial Use|publisher=Varjo|date=February 19, 2019|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>


==History==
The '''Varjo VR-1''' was the world's first [[virtual reality]] headset to achieve "human-eye resolution," developed by Finnish company [[Varjo]] and released in February 2019 at $5,995 plus a $995 annual service license. Utilizing Varjo's revolutionary patented Bionic Display technology, the VR-1 combines two displays per eye: a low-persistence AMOLED "Context Display" (1440×1600 per eye) for peripheral vision, and a high-resolution Sony micro-OLED "Focus Display" (1920×1080, 0.7-inch) positioned in the center, delivering an unprecedented 60+ pixels per degree (PPD) resolution—equivalent to 20/20 vision—in the foveal region, with 3000 PPI pixel density. This fixed-foveated approach, combined with integrated eye tracking, enables users to read small text, examine fine details, and perform precision tasks impossible on conventional VR headsets. The 87° field of view headset requires SteamVR Base Stations for 6DoF tracking and demands high-end PC hardware (minimum NVIDIA GTX 1080 or Quadro P5000). Compatible with Unity, Unreal Engine, Autodesk VRED, and Lockheed Martin's Prepar3D flight simulator, the VR-1 targeted industrial design, training simulation, architecture, engineering, and construction professionals. Early access partners included Airbus, Audi, Bohemia Interactive Simulations, Foster & Partners, Saab, Volkswagen, and Volvo. The VR-1 was discontinued following the release of the Varjo VR-2 in October 2019, though it established the benchmarks for professional VR resolution that continue to influence the industry.
[[Varjo]] was founded in 2016 by Urho Konttori (CEO), Klaus Melakari (CTO), Niko Eiden, and Roope Rainisto, who brought collective expertise from Microsoft's [[HoloLens]] and [[Xbox]] VR teams.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://atomico.com/partners/varjo|title=Varjo|publisher=Atomico|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref> The company raised $8.2 million in Series A funding led by [[EQT Ventures]] in 2017, followed by $31 million in Series B funding in 2018 led by [[Atomico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://atomico.com/insights/our-investment-in-varjo-the-industrialisation-of-vr-has-arrived|title=Our Investment in Varjo: The Industrialisation of VR has arrived|publisher=Atomico|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>


The VR-1 was first demonstrated at [[CES]] 2018, generating significant industry attention for its unprecedented visual clarity. The headset officially launched in February 2019, targeting enterprise customers in [[automotive design]], [[aerospace]], and [[architecture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varjo|title=Varjo|publisher=Wikipedia|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
== History and Development ==


==Technical Specifications==
=== Varjo Origins ===
Company background:
* Finnish VR startup
* Founded 2016
* Ex-Nokia/Microsoft engineers
* Human-eye resolution goal


===Bionic Display Technology===
=== Technology Development ===
The VR-1's defining feature is its patented Bionic Display system, which uses two displays per eye to create variable resolution similar to the human visual system. The high-resolution focus display covers approximately 20 degrees of the user's central vision, while a lower-resolution context display provides peripheral vision.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/blog/twice-the-performance-half-the-price-%E2%80%AFsee-how-the-new-varjo-xr-3-and-vr-3-improve-from-earlier-varjo-headsets/|title=Twice the Performance, Half the Price – See How the New Varjo XR-3 and VR-3 Improve from Earlier Varjo Headsets|publisher=Varjo|date=December 1, 2020|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
Bionic Display creation:
* Dual-display concept
* Optical path innovation
* Resolution breakthrough
* Patent portfolio


===Display Specifications===
=== October 2017 Announcement ===
* '''Focus Display''': 1920×1080 [[OLED]] per eye at 60 Hz
Initial reveal:
* '''Context Display''': 1440×1600 OLED per eye at 90 Hz
* Concept demonstration
* '''Peak Resolution''': Over 60 [[pixels per degree]] (PPD) in the focus area
* Industry attention
* '''Peripheral Resolution''': 14 PPD in the context area
* Early access program
* '''Field of View''': 87° horizontal (82° diagonal)
* Partner engagement


===Optical System===
=== February 2019 Release ===
The VR-1 employs custom hybrid optics to blend the two display systems seamlessly. The optical combiner uses proprietary technology to merge the high-resolution center with the wider peripheral view without visible boundaries when properly calibrated.
Commercial launch:
* Production headset
* $5,995 price point
* Enterprise sales
* Global availability


===Eye Tracking===
=== Discontinuation ===
The integrated 20/20 Eye Tracker technology enables:
Product lifecycle:
* [[Foveated rendering]] optimization
* VR-2 successor (October 2019)
* Automatic [[interpupillary distance]] (IPD) measurement
* Technology advancement
* Gaze-based interaction capabilities
* Legacy product
* Professional analytics for research applications
* Foundation established


==System Requirements==
== Design Philosophy ==
The VR-1 requires a high-performance workstation:
* '''Operating System''': [[Windows 10]] Pro 64-bit
* '''Processor''': [[Intel Core i7]]-6700 or better
* '''Graphics Card''': [[NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080]] or better (Quadro recommended)
* '''Memory''': 32 GB RAM minimum
* '''Ports''': DisplayPort 1.2, 2× USB 3.0 Type-A


==Tracking and Controllers==
=== Human-Eye Resolution ===
The VR-1 utilizes [[SteamVR]] 2.0 tracking technology, requiring external [[base stations]] for positional tracking. The system is compatible with SteamVR controllers, including the [[HTC Vive]] controllers and [[Valve Index]] controllers.
Visual priority:
* 20/20 vision equivalent
* 60+ PPD target
* Readable fine text
* Detail examination


==Software Compatibility==
=== Bionic Display ===
The VR-1 supports:
Dual-display approach:
* Native Varjo software ecosystem
* Foveal focus area
* [[SteamVR]] applications
* Peripheral context
* [[Autodesk VRED]] (native integration)
* Combined viewing
* [[Unity (game engine)|Unity]] and [[Unreal Engine]]
* Natural vision emulation
* Custom enterprise applications via Varjo SDK


==Professional Features==
=== Professional Focus ===
* '''Calibration Tools''': Professional-grade IPD and display calibration
Enterprise targeting:
* '''Color Accuracy''': Factory-calibrated displays for design work
* Industrial applications
* '''SDK Access''': Full API access for custom application development
* Training simulation
* '''Support Services''': Enterprise-level technical support included with subscription
* Design review
* Precision work


==Business Model==
=== Premium Positioning ===
The VR-1 was sold through a subscription model:
Market segment:
* '''Hardware Price''': $5,995
* Enterprise-only
* '''Annual Subscription''': $995 per year
* Premium pricing
* '''Total First Year Cost''': $6,990
* Professional support
* Mission-critical use


The subscription included software updates, technical support, and access to professional features.
== Bionic Display Technology ==


==Industry Applications==
=== Dual Display Per Eye ===
Display configuration:
* '''Focus Display''': 1920×1080 micro-OLED (Sony)
* '''Context Display''': 1440×1600 AMOLED
* Combined viewing
* Seamless transition


===Automotive Design===
=== Focus Display ===
Early adopters included [[Audi]], [[Volkswagen Group]], and [[Volvo Cars]], who used the VR-1 for:
High-resolution center:
* Interior design validation
* '''Resolution''': 1920 × 1080
* Ergonomics testing
* '''Size''': 0.7 inch (Sony ECX335AF-7)
* Virtual prototyping
* '''PPI''': 3000 pixels per inch
* Design review sessions
* '''PPD''': 60+ pixels per degree
* 20/20 vision quality


===Aerospace and Aviation===
=== Context Display ===
Companies like [[Airbus]] and [[Boeing]] implemented VR-1 for:
Peripheral view:
* Cockpit design verification
* '''Resolution''': 1440 × 1600 per eye
* Training simulation development
* Low persistence AMOLED
* Maintenance procedure visualization
* Wide angle coverage
* Standard VR quality


===Architecture and Construction===
=== Optical Path ===
Architecture firms utilized the VR-1 for:
Display combination:
* Photorealistic architectural visualization
* Two optical paths
* Client presentations
* Foveal area superimposition
* Design validation at 1:1 scale
* Peripheral surrounding
* Seamless blending


==Manufacturing==
== Resolution Achievement ==
The VR-1 was manufactured by [[Flex Ltd.]] (formerly Flextronics), a leading electronics manufacturing services provider. Production took place in Europe to maintain quality standards and reduce shipping times to primary markets.


==Critical Reception==
=== Human-Eye Resolution ===
Industry reception was generally positive, with reviewers praising the unprecedented visual clarity while noting limitations:
Visual quality:
* '''PPD''': 60+ pixels per degree
* '''PPI''': 3000
* '''Equivalent''': 20/20 vision
* First achievement


'''Strengths''':
=== Detail Visibility ===
* Revolutionary image quality in the focus area
Capability:
* Professional-grade build quality
* Small text readable
* Excellent color accuracy
* Fine detail visible
* Precision measurement
* Professional accuracy
 
== Field of View ==
 
=== FOV Specification ===
Visual coverage:
* '''FOV''': 87°
* Professional adequate
* Resolution prioritized
* Trade-off balance
 
== Refresh Rate ==
 
=== Dual Rate ===
Display speeds:
* '''Focus display''': 60Hz
* '''Context display''': 90Hz
* Low persistence
* Smooth motion
 
== Eye Tracking ==
 
=== Integrated System ===
Gaze detection:
* Built-in eye tracking
* Calibration support
* Performance analytics
* Data capture
 
=== Applications ===
Eye tracking use:
* Attention analysis
* Training assessment
* User research
* Interaction data
 
== Tracking System ==
 
=== SteamVR Tracking ===
Position system:
* '''Type''': Outside-in
* SteamVR Base Stations required
* 6DoF tracking
* Room-scale capable
 
=== Base Station Requirement ===
External hardware:
* 2+ base stations needed
* SteamVR ecosystem
* Additional cost
* Setup requirement
 
== System Requirements ==
 
=== Minimum Specifications ===
PC requirements:
* '''CPU''': Intel Core i7-6700
* '''GPU''': NVIDIA GTX 1080 / Quadro P5000
* '''Port''': DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0
* '''OS''': Windows 10
* AMD GPUs not supported
 
=== Recommended ===
Optimal hardware:
* Higher-end GPU
* More VRAM
* Professional GPU (Quadro)
* Workstation PC
 
== Software Compatibility ==
 
=== Game Engines ===
Development platforms:
* '''Unity''': Supported
* '''Unreal Engine''': Supported
* SteamVR integration
* Developer tools
 
=== Professional Software ===
Enterprise applications:
* '''Autodesk VRED''': Automotive design
* '''Prepar3D''': Flight simulation (Lockheed Martin)
* CAD integration
* Professional workflows
 
== Enterprise Partners ==
 
=== Early Access Partners ===
Initial customers:
* '''Automotive''': Audi, Volkswagen, Volvo
* '''Aerospace''': Airbus, Saab
* '''Simulation''': Bohemia Interactive Simulations
* '''Architecture''': Foster & Partners, Sellen
 
== Pricing ==
 
=== Hardware Cost ===
Base price:
* '''Headset''': $5,995
* Enterprise pricing
* Professional market
* High-end segment
 
=== Service License ===
Annual fee:
* '''Cost''': $995/year
* Software updates
* Support access
* Required subscription
 
== Comparison with Enterprise VR (2019) ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Feature !! Varjo VR-1 !! HTC Vive Pro !! HP Reverb !! Pimax 5K+
|-
| Focus Resolution || 60+ PPD || ~15 PPD || ~20 PPD || ~15 PPD
|-
| Display Type || Bionic (dual) || Single OLED || Single LCD || Single LCD
|-
| FOV || 87° || 110° || 114° || 200°
|-
| Eye Tracking || Yes || No || No || No
|-
| Tracking || SteamVR || SteamVR || WMR || SteamVR
|-
| Target || Enterprise || Pro/Enterprise || Consumer/Pro || Enthusiast
|-
| Price || $5,995 + $995/yr || ~$1,400 || ~$600 || ~$700
|}
 
== Strengths and Limitations ==
 
=== Strengths ===
* 60+ PPD human-eye resolution (world first)
* 3000 PPI in focus area
* Bionic Display dual-display technology
* 20/20 vision equivalent clarity
* Integrated eye tracking
* Integrated eye tracking
* Fine text readable
* Unity/Unreal/VRED/Prepar3D support
* Professional-grade build
* Enterprise partner ecosystem
* Foundation for Varjo product line


'''Limitations''':
=== Limitations ===
* High cost of entry
* $5,995 + $995/year enterprise pricing
* Heavy weight (905g) causing fatigue
* Requires SteamVR Base Stations
* Limited 87° field of view
* High-end PC required (GTX 1080+)
* Visible boundary between focus and context displays in some scenarios
* 87° limited FOV
* 60 Hz refresh rate in focus area
* Heavy (~605g)
 
* Tethered operation only
==Legacy and Impact==
* 60Hz focus display refresh
The VR-1 established Varjo as a serious competitor in professional VR, proving market demand for ultra-high resolution displays despite premium pricing. Its Bionic Display concept influenced subsequent VR development industry-wide, with competitors exploring similar multi-resolution approaches.
* No AMD GPU support
* Discontinued (VR-2 successor)
* Enterprise-only availability


The success of the VR-1 validated Varjo's business model targeting enterprise customers rather than consumers, setting the stage for the company's continued focus on professional applications. Technologies pioneered in the VR-1, particularly the 60+ PPD resolution target and integrated eye tracking, became benchmarks for professional VR systems.
== Technical Specifications Summary ==


==Discontinuation==
{| class="wikitable"
The VR-1 was discontinued following the release of the [[Varjo VR-2]] in October 2019, which addressed many of the original's limitations while maintaining the core Bionic Display technology. Varjo continued supporting VR-1 customers through their subscription model.
|-
! Specification !! Details
|-
| Type || Enterprise PC VR headset
|-
| Display || Bionic Display (dual per eye)
|-
| Focus Resolution || 1920×1080 micro-OLED (60+ PPD)
|-
| Context Resolution || 1440×1600 AMOLED
|-
| PPI || 3000 (focus area)
|-
| FOV || 87°
|-
| Refresh Rate || 60Hz (focus), 90Hz (context)
|-
| Eye Tracking || Yes (integrated)
|-
| Tracking || SteamVR (outside-in)
|-
| Weight || ~605g
|-
| Price || $5,995 + $995/year
|-
| Status || Discontinued (2019)
|}


==See Also==
== See Also ==
* [[Virtual reality headset]]
* [[Varjo]]
* [[Varjo|Varjo Technologies]]
* [[Varjo VR-2]]
* [[Varjo VR-2]]
* [[Varjo VR-3]]
* [[Varjo VR-3]]
* [[Varjo Aero]]
* [[Bionic Display]]
* [[SteamVR]]
* [[Enterprise VR]]
* [[Foveated rendering]]
* [[Human eye resolution]]


==References==
== References ==
<references>
{{Reflist}}
<ref name="varjo-announcement">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/press-release/varjo-announces-vr-1-worlds-first-human-eye-resolution-vr-headset-for-industrial-use/|title=Varjo Announces VR-1, World's First Human Eye-Resolution VR Headset For Industrial Use|publisher=Varjo|date=February 19, 2019|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="atomico">{{cite web|url=https://atomico.com/partners/varjo|title=Varjo|publisher=Atomico|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="atomico-investment">{{cite web|url=https://atomico.com/insights/our-investment-in-varjo-the-industrialisation-of-vr-has-arrived|title=Our Investment in Varjo: The Industrialisation of VR has arrived|publisher=Atomico|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="wikipedia-varjo">{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varjo|title=Varjo|publisher=Wikipedia|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="varjo-blog">{{cite web|url=https://varjo.com/blog/twice-the-performance-half-the-price-%E2%80%AFsee-how-the-new-varjo-xr-3-and-vr-3-improve-from-earlier-varjo-headsets/|title=Twice the Performance, Half the Price – See How the New Varjo XR-3 and VR-3 Improve from Earlier Varjo Headsets|publisher=Varjo|date=December 1, 2020|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="roadtovr-launch">{{cite web|url=https://www.roadtovr.com/varjo-vr-1-retina-fixed-foveated-display-launch-release-date-price/|title=Varjo Launches VR-1 with Retina-quality Fixed-foveated Display & Eye-tracking, Priced at $6,000|publisher=Road to VR|date=February 19, 2019|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="vrcompare">{{cite web|url=https://vr-compare.com/headset/varjovr-1|title=Varjo VR-1: Full Specification|publisher=VRcompare|access-date=June 3, 2025}}</ref>
</references>


[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Devices]]
[[Category:VR Headsets]]
[[Category:VR Headsets
[[Category:PC VR]]
[[Category:Virtual Reality Headsets]]
[[Category:Enterprise VR]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 2019]]
[[Category:Varjo]]
[[Category:Finnish brands]]
[[Category:High-Resolution VR]]
[[Category:Head-mounted displays]]
[[Category:2010s VR]]

Latest revision as of 03:13, 8 January 2026

Varjo VR-1
Basic Info
VR/AR Virtual Reality
Type PC VR Headset
Subtype Enterprise VR, High-Resolution VR
Platform Windows (SteamVR)
Creator Varjo
Developer Varjo
Manufacturer Varjo
Announcement Date October 2017
Release Date February 2019
Price $5,995 + $995/year service license
Website https://varjo.com/
Versions Varjo VR-1
Requires High-end Windows PC (GTX 1080+), SteamVR Base Stations
Predecessor Varjo prototypes
Successor Varjo VR-2
System
Operating System Windows 10+
Chipset PC-dependent
CPU Intel Core i7-6700 minimum
GPU NVIDIA GTX 1080 / Quadro P5000 minimum
Storage
Storage PC-dependent
Memory PC-dependent
SD Card Slot No
Display
Display Dual display per eye (Bionic Display)
Subpixel Layout RGB
Peak Brightness High
Resolution Context: 1440×1600/eye, Focus: 1920×1080/eye
Pixel Density 60+ PPD (focus area), 3000 PPI
Refresh Rate 60Hz (focus), 90Hz (context)
Persistence Low persistence
Image
Field of View 87°
Horizontal FoV 87°
Vertical FoV 87°
Average Pixel Density 60+ PPD (focus)
Peak Pixel Density 60+ PPD (3000 PPI)
Foveated Rendering Fixed-foveated (hardware)
Optics
Optics Dual optical path (Bionic Display)
Ocularity Binocular
IPD Range Adjustable
Adjustable Diopter No
Passthrough No (VR only)
Tracking
Tracking 6DoF (SteamVR/outside-in)
Tracking Frequency High-speed
Base Stations Required (SteamVR)
Eye Tracking Yes (integrated)
Face Tracking No
Hand Tracking No
Body Tracking No
Rotational Tracking Yes
Positional Tracking Yes
Update Rate 90Hz
Tracking Volume Base station dependent
Play Space Room-scale
Latency Low latency
Audio
Audio 3.5mm jack
Microphone No
3.5mm Audio Jack Yes
Camera No
Connectivity
Connectivity DisplayPort, USB
Ports DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0
Wired Video Yes
Wireless Video No
WiFi No
Bluetooth No
Power Tethered (PC-powered)
Battery Capacity N/A (tethered)
Battery Life N/A
Charge Time N/A
Device
Dimensions Professional headset form
Weight ~605g
Material Professional-grade housing
Headstrap Adjustable head strap
Haptics No
Color Black/Grey
Sensors Eye tracking, IMU
Input SteamVR controllers
Compliance Enterprise certified


The Varjo VR-1 was the world's first virtual reality headset to achieve "human-eye resolution," developed by Finnish company Varjo and released in February 2019 at $5,995 plus a $995 annual service license. Utilizing Varjo's revolutionary patented Bionic Display technology, the VR-1 combines two displays per eye: a low-persistence AMOLED "Context Display" (1440×1600 per eye) for peripheral vision, and a high-resolution Sony micro-OLED "Focus Display" (1920×1080, 0.7-inch) positioned in the center, delivering an unprecedented 60+ pixels per degree (PPD) resolution—equivalent to 20/20 vision—in the foveal region, with 3000 PPI pixel density. This fixed-foveated approach, combined with integrated eye tracking, enables users to read small text, examine fine details, and perform precision tasks impossible on conventional VR headsets. The 87° field of view headset requires SteamVR Base Stations for 6DoF tracking and demands high-end PC hardware (minimum NVIDIA GTX 1080 or Quadro P5000). Compatible with Unity, Unreal Engine, Autodesk VRED, and Lockheed Martin's Prepar3D flight simulator, the VR-1 targeted industrial design, training simulation, architecture, engineering, and construction professionals. Early access partners included Airbus, Audi, Bohemia Interactive Simulations, Foster & Partners, Saab, Volkswagen, and Volvo. The VR-1 was discontinued following the release of the Varjo VR-2 in October 2019, though it established the benchmarks for professional VR resolution that continue to influence the industry.

History and Development

Varjo Origins

Company background:

  • Finnish VR startup
  • Founded 2016
  • Ex-Nokia/Microsoft engineers
  • Human-eye resolution goal

Technology Development

Bionic Display creation:

  • Dual-display concept
  • Optical path innovation
  • Resolution breakthrough
  • Patent portfolio

October 2017 Announcement

Initial reveal:

  • Concept demonstration
  • Industry attention
  • Early access program
  • Partner engagement

February 2019 Release

Commercial launch:

  • Production headset
  • $5,995 price point
  • Enterprise sales
  • Global availability

Discontinuation

Product lifecycle:

  • VR-2 successor (October 2019)
  • Technology advancement
  • Legacy product
  • Foundation established

Design Philosophy

Human-Eye Resolution

Visual priority:

  • 20/20 vision equivalent
  • 60+ PPD target
  • Readable fine text
  • Detail examination

Bionic Display

Dual-display approach:

  • Foveal focus area
  • Peripheral context
  • Combined viewing
  • Natural vision emulation

Professional Focus

Enterprise targeting:

  • Industrial applications
  • Training simulation
  • Design review
  • Precision work

Premium Positioning

Market segment:

  • Enterprise-only
  • Premium pricing
  • Professional support
  • Mission-critical use

Bionic Display Technology

Dual Display Per Eye

Display configuration:

  • Focus Display: 1920×1080 micro-OLED (Sony)
  • Context Display: 1440×1600 AMOLED
  • Combined viewing
  • Seamless transition

Focus Display

High-resolution center:

  • Resolution: 1920 × 1080
  • Size: 0.7 inch (Sony ECX335AF-7)
  • PPI: 3000 pixels per inch
  • PPD: 60+ pixels per degree
  • 20/20 vision quality

Context Display

Peripheral view:

  • Resolution: 1440 × 1600 per eye
  • Low persistence AMOLED
  • Wide angle coverage
  • Standard VR quality

Optical Path

Display combination:

  • Two optical paths
  • Foveal area superimposition
  • Peripheral surrounding
  • Seamless blending

Resolution Achievement

Human-Eye Resolution

Visual quality:

  • PPD: 60+ pixels per degree
  • PPI: 3000
  • Equivalent: 20/20 vision
  • First achievement

Detail Visibility

Capability:

  • Small text readable
  • Fine detail visible
  • Precision measurement
  • Professional accuracy

Field of View

FOV Specification

Visual coverage:

  • FOV: 87°
  • Professional adequate
  • Resolution prioritized
  • Trade-off balance

Refresh Rate

Dual Rate

Display speeds:

  • Focus display: 60Hz
  • Context display: 90Hz
  • Low persistence
  • Smooth motion

Eye Tracking

Integrated System

Gaze detection:

  • Built-in eye tracking
  • Calibration support
  • Performance analytics
  • Data capture

Applications

Eye tracking use:

  • Attention analysis
  • Training assessment
  • User research
  • Interaction data

Tracking System

SteamVR Tracking

Position system:

  • Type: Outside-in
  • SteamVR Base Stations required
  • 6DoF tracking
  • Room-scale capable

Base Station Requirement

External hardware:

  • 2+ base stations needed
  • SteamVR ecosystem
  • Additional cost
  • Setup requirement

System Requirements

Minimum Specifications

PC requirements:

  • CPU: Intel Core i7-6700
  • GPU: NVIDIA GTX 1080 / Quadro P5000
  • Port: DisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0
  • OS: Windows 10
  • AMD GPUs not supported

Recommended

Optimal hardware:

  • Higher-end GPU
  • More VRAM
  • Professional GPU (Quadro)
  • Workstation PC

Software Compatibility

Game Engines

Development platforms:

  • Unity: Supported
  • Unreal Engine: Supported
  • SteamVR integration
  • Developer tools

Professional Software

Enterprise applications:

  • Autodesk VRED: Automotive design
  • Prepar3D: Flight simulation (Lockheed Martin)
  • CAD integration
  • Professional workflows

Enterprise Partners

Early Access Partners

Initial customers:

  • Automotive: Audi, Volkswagen, Volvo
  • Aerospace: Airbus, Saab
  • Simulation: Bohemia Interactive Simulations
  • Architecture: Foster & Partners, Sellen

Pricing

Hardware Cost

Base price:

  • Headset: $5,995
  • Enterprise pricing
  • Professional market
  • High-end segment

Service License

Annual fee:

  • Cost: $995/year
  • Software updates
  • Support access
  • Required subscription

Comparison with Enterprise VR (2019)

Feature Varjo VR-1 HTC Vive Pro HP Reverb Pimax 5K+
Focus Resolution 60+ PPD ~15 PPD ~20 PPD ~15 PPD
Display Type Bionic (dual) Single OLED Single LCD Single LCD
FOV 87° 110° 114° 200°
Eye Tracking Yes No No No
Tracking SteamVR SteamVR WMR SteamVR
Target Enterprise Pro/Enterprise Consumer/Pro Enthusiast
Price $5,995 + $995/yr ~$1,400 ~$600 ~$700

Strengths and Limitations

Strengths

  • 60+ PPD human-eye resolution (world first)
  • 3000 PPI in focus area
  • Bionic Display dual-display technology
  • 20/20 vision equivalent clarity
  • Integrated eye tracking
  • Fine text readable
  • Unity/Unreal/VRED/Prepar3D support
  • Professional-grade build
  • Enterprise partner ecosystem
  • Foundation for Varjo product line

Limitations

  • $5,995 + $995/year enterprise pricing
  • Requires SteamVR Base Stations
  • High-end PC required (GTX 1080+)
  • 87° limited FOV
  • Heavy (~605g)
  • Tethered operation only
  • 60Hz focus display refresh
  • No AMD GPU support
  • Discontinued (VR-2 successor)
  • Enterprise-only availability

Technical Specifications Summary

Specification Details
Type Enterprise PC VR headset
Display Bionic Display (dual per eye)
Focus Resolution 1920×1080 micro-OLED (60+ PPD)
Context Resolution 1440×1600 AMOLED
PPI 3000 (focus area)
FOV 87°
Refresh Rate 60Hz (focus), 90Hz (context)
Eye Tracking Yes (integrated)
Tracking SteamVR (outside-in)
Weight ~605g
Price $5,995 + $995/year
Status Discontinued (2019)

See Also

References

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