USDZ: Difference between revisions
Xinreality (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
RealEditor (talk | contribs) remove extra space |
||
| (One intermediate revision by one other user not shown) | |||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
|Website=https://openusd.org, https://developer.apple.com/augmented-reality | |Website=https://openusd.org, https://developer.apple.com/augmented-reality | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''USDZ''' (pronounced "U-S-D-Z", Universal Scene Description Zipped) is a [[file format]] for storing and sharing [[3D models]] and [[augmented reality]] (AR) content, developed through a collaboration between [[Apple Inc.]] and [[Pixar Animation Studios]].<ref name="techrepublic">Apple's USDZ AR file format: What you need to know. TechRepublic. June 5, 2018. https://www.techrepublic.com/article/apples-usdz-ar-file-format-what-you-need-to-know/</ref> Announced at Apple's [[Worldwide Developers Conference]] (WWDC) in June 2018, USDZ is specifically optimized for [[Apple ecosystem|Apple's ecosystem]] and serves as the primary format for AR experiences on [[iOS devices]].<ref name="cygnis">Apple introduces the first file format for AR (usdz). Cygnis. October 7, 2024. https://cygnis.co/blog/arkit-file-format-usdz/</ref> The format is registered with [[IANA]] under the [[MIME type]] model/vnd.usdz+zip.<ref name="iana">IANA Media Types Registry. model/vnd.usdz+zip. https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/model/vnd.usdz+zip</ref> | '''USDZ''' (pronounced "U-S-D-Z", Universal Scene Description Zipped) is a [[file format]] for storing and sharing [[3D models]] and [[augmented reality]] (AR) content, developed through a collaboration between [[Apple Inc.]] and [[Pixar Animation Studios]].<ref name="techrepublic">Apple's USDZ AR file format: What you need to know. TechRepublic. June 5, 2018. https://www.techrepublic.com/article/apples-usdz-ar-file-format-what-you-need-to-know/</ref> Announced at Apple's [[Worldwide Developers Conference]] (WWDC) in June 2018, USDZ is specifically optimized for [[Apple ecosystem|Apple's ecosystem]] and serves as the primary format for AR experiences on [[iOS devices]].<ref name="cygnis">Apple introduces the first file format for AR (usdz). Cygnis. October 7, 2024. https://cygnis.co/blog/arkit-file-format-usdz/</ref> The format is registered with [[IANA]] under the [[MIME type]] model/vnd.usdz+zip.<ref name="iana">IANA Media Types Registry. model/vnd.usdz+zip. https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/model/vnd.usdz+zip</ref> | ||
| Line 24: | Line 23: | ||
* '''2019 – Creative Cloud adoption''': [[Adobe]] announced beta support for USDZ across [[Creative Cloud]] apps, previewed in [[Adobe Aero]].<ref name="adobeaero">Supported file formats for assets to import into Aero. Adobe Support. https://helpx.adobe.com/aero/using/supported-file-formats.html</ref> Apple highlighted growing use by companies like [[Target]], [[Home Depot]], and [[Wayfair]].<ref name="wwdc2019">WWDC 2019 AR Session. Apple Developer. https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2019/</ref> | * '''2019 – Creative Cloud adoption''': [[Adobe]] announced beta support for USDZ across [[Creative Cloud]] apps, previewed in [[Adobe Aero]].<ref name="adobeaero">Supported file formats for assets to import into Aero. Adobe Support. https://helpx.adobe.com/aero/using/supported-file-formats.html</ref> Apple highlighted growing use by companies like [[Target]], [[Home Depot]], and [[Wayfair]].<ref name="wwdc2019">WWDC 2019 AR Session. Apple Developer. https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2019/</ref> | ||
* '''2020 – Reality Converter beta''': Apple released the free [[Reality Converter]] macOS utility to convert OBJ, [[glTF]], and USD into USDZ.<ref name="realityconverter">Introducing Reality Converter. Apple Developer News. January 13, 2020. https://developer.apple.com/news/?id=01132020a</ref> | * '''2020 – Reality Converter beta''': Apple released the free [[Reality Converter]] macOS utility to convert OBJ, [[glTF]], and USD into USDZ.<ref name="realityconverter">Introducing Reality Converter. Apple Developer News. January 13, 2020. https://developer.apple.com/news/?id=01132020a</ref> | ||
* '''2023 – Industry standardization''': Pixar, Apple, Adobe, [[Autodesk]], and [[NVIDIA]] formed the Alliance for OpenUSD (AOUSD) to further standardize and promote USD technologies, including USDZ.<ref name="aousd">Alliance for OpenUSD. OpenUSD.org. 2023. https://aousd.org</ref> [[Blender]] 4.0+ added native USDZ export alongside full USD I/O.<ref name="blendermanual">Universal Scene Description | * '''2023 – Industry standardization''': Pixar, Apple, Adobe, [[Autodesk]], and [[NVIDIA]] formed the Alliance for OpenUSD (AOUSD) to further standardize and promote USD technologies, including USDZ.<ref name="aousd">Alliance for OpenUSD. OpenUSD.org. 2023. https://aousd.org</ref> [[Blender]] 4.0+ added native USDZ export alongside full USD I/O.<ref name="blendermanual">Universal Scene Description - Blender Manual. Blender Docs. https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/latest/files/import_export/usd.html</ref> | ||
==Technical Specifications== | ==Technical Specifications== | ||
| Line 234: | Line 233: | ||
| Animation || Skeletal & vertex blendshapes || Skeletal & morph targets | | Animation || Skeletal & vertex blendshapes || Skeletal & morph targets | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Compression || None (but textures may be compressed) || Mesh & texture compression via extensions ( | | Compression || None (but textures may be compressed) || Mesh & texture compression via extensions (like Draco, BasisU) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Primary ecosystem || Apple ARKit/visionOS, Pixar pipelines || WebGL, Khronos 3D Commerce | | Primary ecosystem || Apple ARKit/visionOS, Pixar pipelines || WebGL, Khronos 3D Commerce | ||
| Line 266: | Line 265: | ||
==Licensing== | ==Licensing== | ||
Pixar's open-source USD | Pixar's open-source USD, including the '''usdzip''' utility used to author USDZ archives, is released under the [[Apache License 2.0]],<ref name="githubusd">Pixar OpenUSD – GitHub repository. GitHub. https://github.com/PixarAnimationStudios/OpenUSD</ref> allowing commercial and academic use without royalties. While the USDZ specification is public, Apple retains trademarks for "USDZ" and enforces ARKit viewer compliance. The format itself is an open standard that can be implemented by any developer.<ref name="apache">Apache License 2.0. Apache Software Foundation. https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</ref> | ||
==Future Development== | ==Future Development== | ||
| Line 316: | Line 315: | ||
<ref name="realityconverter">Introducing Reality Converter. Apple Developer News. January 13, 2020. https://developer.apple.com/news/?id=01132020a</ref> | <ref name="realityconverter">Introducing Reality Converter. Apple Developer News. January 13, 2020. https://developer.apple.com/news/?id=01132020a</ref> | ||
<ref name="aousd">Alliance for OpenUSD. OpenUSD.org. 2023. https://aousd.org</ref> | <ref name="aousd">Alliance for OpenUSD. OpenUSD.org. 2023. https://aousd.org</ref> | ||
<ref name="blendermanual">Universal Scene Description | <ref name="blendermanual">Universal Scene Description - Blender Manual. Blender Docs. https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/latest/files/import_export/usd.html</ref> | ||
<ref name="fileformat">USDZ - Universal Scene Description ZIP Format. FileFormat.com. https://docs.fileformat.com/3d/usdz/</ref> | <ref name="fileformat">USDZ - Universal Scene Description ZIP Format. FileFormat.com. https://docs.fileformat.com/3d/usdz/</ref> | ||
<ref name="iana">IANA Media Types Registry. model/vnd.usdz+zip. https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/model/vnd.usdz+zip</ref> | <ref name="iana">IANA Media Types Registry. model/vnd.usdz+zip. https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/model/vnd.usdz+zip</ref> | ||